{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T23:43:24Z","timestamp":1780616604671,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,14]],"date-time":"2015-10-14T08:40:10Z","timestamp":1444812010000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Mucociliary dysfunction in HIV and smoked substance abuse"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Srinivasan","family":"Chinnapaiyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoshang J.","family":"Unwalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1084576","article-title":"A human syndrome caused by immotile cilia","volume":"193","author":"Afzelius","year":"1976","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.970320204","article-title":"Role of cilia in human health","volume":"32","author":"Afzelius","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100088290","article-title":"The transport of crystalline cocaine in the nasal mucous blanket","volume":"93","author":"Barton","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol"},{"key":"B4","article-title":"Roflumilast rescues smoke-induced mucociliary dysfunction in normal human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro","volume-title":"American Thoracic Society International Conference Abstracts","author":"Baumlin","year":"2014"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2006.0142","article-title":"Tobacco addiction and HIV infection: toward the implementation of cessation programs. ANRS CO3 aquitaine cohort","volume":"21","author":"Benard","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2007.00508.x","article-title":"Trends and determinants of severe morbidity in HIV-infected patients: the ANRS CO3 aquitaine cohort, 2000-2004","volume":"8","author":"Bonnet","year":"2007","journal-title":"HIV Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(02)00144-8","article-title":"An overview of the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis lung disease","volume":"54","author":"Boucher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-002-0955-1","article-title":"Regulation of airway surface liquid volume by human airway epithelia","volume":"445","author":"Boucher","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2111","article-title":"HIV-1 replication and immune dynamics are affected by raltegravir intensification of HAART-suppressed subjects","volume":"16","author":"Buz\u00f3n","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B10","first-page":"97","article-title":"What are the effects of cocaine in man?","volume":"13","author":"Byck","year":"1977","journal-title":"NIDA Res. Monogr."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200508-1330OC","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator function is suppressed in cigarette smokers","volume":"173","author":"Cantin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199712000-00006","article-title":"HIV-1 Tat protein exits from cells via a leaderless secretory pathway and binds to extracellular matrix-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans through its basic region","volume":"11","author":"Chang","year":"1997","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-192377","article-title":"Cigarette smoke exposure induces CFTR internalization and insolubility, leading to airway surface liquid dehydration","volume":"26","author":"Clunes","year":"2012","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20223","article-title":"Cigarette smoke condensate inhibits transepithelial chloride transport and ciliary beat frequency","volume":"119","author":"Cohen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"B15","first-page":"2231","article-title":"Evidence for stimulation of the transforming growth factor beta 1 promoter by HIV-1 Tat in cells derived from CNS","volume":"8","author":"Cupp","year":"1993","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-0600(92)90068-R","article-title":"The effects of salmeterol and salbutamol on ciliary beat frequency of cultured human bronchial epithelial cells, in vitro","volume":"5","author":"Devalia","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-132-5-200003070-00006","article-title":"Increased susceptibility to pulmonary emphysema among HIV-seropositive smokers","volume":"132","author":"Diaz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.6.1977","article-title":"Respiratory symptoms among HIV-seropositive individuals","volume":"123","author":"Diaz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2004.05.049","article-title":"High frequency of the R75Q CFTR variation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"3","author":"Divac","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/345084a0","article-title":"Tat protein of HIV-1 stimulates growth of cells derived from Kaposi's sarcoma lesions of AIDS patients","volume":"345","author":"Ensoli","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13540","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013540","article-title":"Therapeutic immunization with HIV-1 Tat reduces immune activation and loss of regulatory T-cells and improves immune function in subjects on HAART","volume":"5","author":"Ensoli","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.67.1.277-287.1993","article-title":"Release, uptake, and effects of extracellular human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein on cell growth and viral transactivation","volume":"67","author":"Ensoli","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0910061","article-title":"Airway mucus function and dysfunction","volume":"363","author":"Fahy","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)20279-8","article-title":"Cocaine and tracheal epithelial function: effects on short circuit current and neurotransmitter receptors","volume":"259","author":"Farley","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90263-2","article-title":"Cellular uptake of the tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"55","author":"Frankel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1385\/IR:27:2-3:261","article-title":"HIV-1 gp120 chemokine receptor-mediated signaling in human macrophages","volume":"27","author":"Freedman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.25.3.4445","article-title":"Particulate matter induces cytokine expression in human bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"25","author":"Fujii","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215218","article-title":"Antimicrobial polypeptides in host defense of the respiratory tract","volume":"109","author":"Ganz","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1994.tb05016.x","article-title":"Recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) Tat protein sequentially up-regulates IL-6 and TGF-beta 1 mRNA expression and protein synthesis in peripheral blood monocytes","volume":"88","author":"Gibellini","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200304-505SO","article-title":"Pathophysiology and management of pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis","volume":"168","author":"Gibson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B31","first-page":"187","article-title":"Ultrastructure of the bronchial epithelium in adult patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"71","author":"Gilljam","year":"1987","journal-title":"Eur. J. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/136.1.142","article-title":"Tracheobronchial changes in habitual, heavy smokers of marijuana with and without tobacco","volume":"136","author":"Gong","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e77160","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077160","article-title":"HIV gp120 induces mucus formation in human bronchial epithelial cells through CXCR4\/alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors","volume":"8","author":"Gundavarapu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit453","article-title":"Increase in 2-long terminal repeat circles and decrease in D-dimer after raltegravir intensification in patients with treated HIV infection: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"208","author":"Hatano","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp300","article-title":"Causes of death in HIV-infected women: persistent role of AIDS. The \u2018Mortalite 2000 and 2005\u2019 surveys (ANRS EN19)","volume":"39","author":"Hessamfar-Bonarek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200418001-00004","article-title":"Medication adherence in HIV-infected adults: effect of patient age, cognitive status, and substance abuse.","volume":"18","author":"Hinkin","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199509283331305","article-title":"Bacterial pneumonia in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Pulmonary complications of HIV infection study group.","volume":"333","author":"Hirschtick","year":"1995","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B38","first-page":"875","article-title":"Bronchiectasis in HIV disease","volume":"85","author":"Holmes","year":"1992","journal-title":"Q. J. Med."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1586\/ers.11.76","article-title":"The emerging relationship between the airway microbiota and chronic respiratory disease: clinical implications","volume":"5","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Respir. Med."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372.e1\u20133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.10.048","article-title":"Airway microbiota and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with suboptimally controlled asthma","volume":"127","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1994.01880260067012","article-title":"Influence of cocaine and lidocaine on human nasal cilia. Beat frequency and harmony in vitro.","volume":"120","author":"Ingels","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00278-12","article-title":"Oral and airway microbiota in HIV-infected pneumonia patients","volume":"50","author":"Iwai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.5_suppl.201S","article-title":"P2Y(2) receptor agonists: a new class of medication targeted at improved mucociliary clearance.","volume":"121","author":"Kellerman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2007.11.007","article-title":"Human macrophages support persistent transcription from unintegrated HIV-1 DNA","volume":"372","author":"Kelly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2009.00696.x","article-title":"Impact of different patterns of nonadherence on the outcome of highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients with long-term follow-up","volume":"10","author":"Knobel","year":"2009","journal-title":"HIV Med."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L894","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00376.2004","article-title":"Inhibition of chloride secretion in human bronchial epithelial cells by cigarette smoke extract","volume":"288","author":"Kreindler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung. Cell Mol. Physiol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1159\/000194607","article-title":"Acute effect of inhaled salbutamol on mucociliary clearance in health and chronic bronchitis","volume":"45","author":"Lafortuna","year":"1984","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2013-0228OC","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator activation by roflumilast contributes to therapeutic benefit in chronic bronchitis","volume":"50","author":"Lambert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-012-9780-9","article-title":"Acute and chronic respiratory symptoms among primary care patients who smoke crack cocaine","volume":"90","author":"Leece","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Urban Health"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8157","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008157","article-title":"Smoking is associated with shortened airway cilia","volume":"4","author":"Leopold","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-012-0121-0","article-title":"Smoking and HIV: prevalence, health risks, and cessation strategies","volume":"9","author":"Lifson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. HIV\/AIDS Rep."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.188664","article-title":"Smoking-related health risks among persons with HIV in the strategies for management of antiretroviral therapy clinical trial","volume":"100","author":"Lifson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230601060025","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis and other respiratory diseases of impaired mucus clearance","volume":"35","author":"Livraghi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81724-9","article-title":"Evidence for periciliary liquid layer depletion, not abnormal ion composition, in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis airways disease","volume":"95","author":"Matsui","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201011-1930OC","article-title":"Cigarette smoke suppresses Bik to cause epithelial cell hyperplasia and mucous cell metaplasia","volume":"183","author":"Mebratu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.01929.x","article-title":"Roflumilast N-oxide, a PDE4 inhibitor, improves cilia motility and ciliated human bronchial epithelial cells compromised by cigarette smoke in vitro","volume":"166","author":"Milara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2006.20.502","article-title":"Methamphetamine use and sexual activity among HIV-infected patients in care\u2013San Francisco, 2004","volume":"20","author":"Mitchell","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2012.0189","article-title":"Impact of HIV-specialized pharmacies on adherence and persistence with antiretroviral therapy","volume":"26","author":"Murphy","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0135434100","article-title":"A macromolecular complex of beta 2 adrenergic receptor, CFTR, and ezrin\/radixin\/moesin-binding phosphoprotein 50 is regulated by PKA","volume":"100","author":"Naren","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2009.09.018","article-title":"CFTR and tight junctions in cultured bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"88","author":"Nilsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803263381301","article-title":"Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators","volume":"338","author":"Palella","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.4.10.2197151","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis: a disease in electrolyte transport","volume":"4","author":"Quinton","year":"1990","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(99)01497-8","article-title":"HIV-1 Tat: immunosuppression via TGF-beta1 induction","volume":"20","author":"Reinhold","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.10079","article-title":"Mucociliary clearance in cystic fibrosis","volume":"33","author":"Robinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1992.tb01058.x","article-title":"Factors affecting ciliary function in vitro: a preliminary study","volume":"7","author":"Robson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. Otolaryngol. Allied Sci"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90506-9","article-title":"Cocaine-associated asthma","volume":"88","author":"Rubin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"B67","first-page":"100","article-title":"Human ciliary beat frequency in epithelium from intrathoracic and extrathoracic airways","volume":"125","author":"Rutland","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.69.040705.141253","article-title":"Regulation of mammalian ciliary beating","volume":"69","author":"Salathe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-10-120","article-title":"Secondhand smoke inhibits both Cl- and K+ conductances in normal human bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"10","author":"Savitski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir. Res"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.200709784","article-title":"Soluble adenylyl cyclase is localized to cilia and contributes to ciliary beat frequency regulation via production of cAMP","volume":"130","author":"Schmid","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.5_suppl_1.286S","article-title":"Bacterial infection and the pathogenesis of COPD.","volume":"117","author":"Sethi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.5.1202","article-title":"Bronchiectasis in pediatric AIDS","volume":"112","author":"Sheikh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39809","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039809","article-title":"A pharmacologic approach to acquired cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator dysfunction in smoking related lung disease","volume":"7","author":"Sloane","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e63167","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063167","article-title":"Tgf-beta1 inhibits Cftr biogenesis and prevents functional rescue of DeltaF508-Cftr in primary differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"8","author":"Snodgrass","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1086\/592692","article-title":"Hospitalization for pneumonia among individuals with and without HIV infection, 1995-2007: a Danish population-based, nationwide cohort study","volume":"47","author":"Sogaard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(00)00033-2","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 and chemokines: beyond competition for common cellular receptors","volume":"12","author":"Stantchev","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.118.2.223","article-title":"The relative roles of passive surface forces and active ion transport in the modulation of airway surface liquid volume and composition","volume":"118","author":"Tarran","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.200509468","article-title":"Soluble mediators, not cilia, determine airway surface liquid volume in normal and cystic fibrosis superficial airway epithelia","volume":"127","author":"Tarran","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4644(19971215)67:4<466::AID-JCB5>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Identification of a cellular protein that binds to Tat-responsive element of TGF beta-1 promoter in glial cells","volume":"67","author":"Thatikunta","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"B80","volume-title":"The NSDUH Report: HIV\/AIDS and Substance Use","author":"NSDUH","year":"2010"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L1068","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00395.2014","article-title":"Roflumilast combined with adenosine increases mucosal hydration in human airway epithelial cultures after cigarette smoke exposure","volume":"308","author":"Tyrrell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2011-0220OC","article-title":"Albuterol modulates its own transepithelial flux via changes in paracellular permeability","volume":"46","author":"Unwalla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2013-0538OC","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b21 and cigarette smoke inhibit the ability of \u03b22-agonists to enhance epithelial permeability","volume":"52","author":"Unwalla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B84","first-page":"S106","article-title":"Trachebronchial mucociliary dysfunction in HIV [Abstract].","volume":"10","author":"Unwalla","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1159\/000193106","article-title":"The role of selective beta2-adrenoceptor stimulants in the control of ciliary activity","volume":"31","author":"van As","year":"1974","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.02.012","article-title":"Role of aquaporins in lung liquid physiology","volume":"159","author":"Verkman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.1.9001292","article-title":"Respiratory disease trends in the pulmonary complications of HIV infection study cohort. Pulmonary complications of HIV infection study group","volume":"155","author":"Wallace","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(85)90082-8","article-title":"Effects of methylxanthines on airway mucociliary function","volume":"79","author":"Wanner","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.6.8970383","article-title":"Mucociliary clearance in the airways.","author":"Wanner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2004.07.011","article-title":"Cannabis use in HIV for pain and other medical symptoms","volume":"29","author":"Woolridge","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pain Symptom Manage."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1061548","article-title":"Selective transcription and modulation of resting T cell activity by preintegrated HIV DNA","volume":"293","author":"Wu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10376","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.19.10376-10382.2003","article-title":"Early transcription from nonintegrated DNA in human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"77","author":"Wu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/753312758","article-title":"Chemokine receptor utilization and macrophage signaling by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120: implications for neuropathogenesis.","volume":"10","author":"Yi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e104090","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104090","article-title":"Sinupret activates CFTR and TMEM16A-dependent transepithelial chloride transport and improves indicators of mucociliary clearance","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T01:11:32Z","timestamp":1748653892000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/Article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01052\/abstract"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,14]]},"references-count":94,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01052","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,14]]}}}