{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:09:32Z","timestamp":1790665772933,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-11-ASTR-022 01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-ASTR-022 01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006021","name":"Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019Armement","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PDH-2-NRBC-2-B2-403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDH-2-NRBC-2-B2-403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006021","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,9]],"date-time":"2015-10-09T07:45:49Z","timestamp":1444376749000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Crossing of the epithelial barriers by Bacillus anthracis: the Known and the Unknown"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Pierre L.","family":"Goossens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Nicolas","family":"Tournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-03-1281","article-title":"Neutrophils rapidly migrate via lymphatics after Mycobacterium bovis BCG intradermal vaccination and shuttle live bacilli to the draining lymph nodes","volume":"106","author":"Abadie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01794","article-title":"Impairment of dendritic cells and adaptive immunity by anthrax lethal toxin","volume":"424","author":"Agrawal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2006.11.009","article-title":"Neutrophils and intracellular pathogens: beyond phagocytosis and killing","volume":"15","author":"Appelberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062596","article-title":"Functionally specialized junctions between endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels","volume":"204","author":"Baluk","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3026","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.6.3026-3030.1999","article-title":"Anthrax toxin entry into polarized epithelial cells","volume":"67","author":"Beauregard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2009.08.004","article-title":"Anthrax in animals","volume":"30","author":"Beyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1086\/511824","article-title":"Characteristics of spore germination in a mouse model of cutaneous anthrax","volume":"195","author":"Bischof","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.02.091","article-title":"The role of anthrolysin O in gut epithelial barrier disruption during Bacillus anthracis infection","volume":"394","author":"Bishop","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1402","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00582.2004","article-title":"ATR\/TEM8 is highly expressed in epithelial cells lining Bacillus anthracis\u2019 three sites of entry: implications for the pathogenesis of anthrax infection","volume":"288","author":"Bonuccelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3432","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00346-09","article-title":"Kinetics of lethal factor and poly-D-glutamic acid antigenemia during inhalation anthrax in rhesus macaques","volume":"77","author":"Boyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8463","DOI":"10.1021\/ac701741s","article-title":"Detection and quantification of anthrax lethal factor in serum by mass spectrometry","volume":"79","author":"Boyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01202-06","article-title":"Fully virulent Bacillus anthracis does not require the immunodominant protein BclA for pathogenesis","volume":"75","author":"Bozue","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5545","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.9.5545","article-title":"Dendritic cells endocytose Bacillus anthracis spores: implications for anthrax pathogenesis","volume":"174","author":"Brittingham","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04718.x","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis CapD, belonging to the \u03b3-glutamyltranspeptidase family, is required for the covalent anchoring of capsule to peptidoglycan","volume":"57","author":"Candela","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05179.x","article-title":"Poly-\u03b3-glutamate in bacteria","volume":"60","author":"Candela","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3025","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.047522","article-title":"Mechanisms for transcellular diapedesis: probing and pathfinding by \u2018invadosome-like protrusions\u2019","volume":"122","author":"Carman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2299","article-title":"Microbial threat lists: obstacles in the quest for biosecurity?","volume":"8","author":"Casadevall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4430","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00446-06","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis spores stimulate cytokine and chemokine innate immune responses in human alveolar macrophages through multiple mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways","volume":"74","author":"Chakrabarty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3729","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00046-07","article-title":"Human lung innate immune response to Bacillus anthracis spore infection","volume":"75","author":"Chakrabarty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12283","article-title":"The NLRP1 inflammasomes","volume":"265","author":"Chavarria-Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00956-09","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis capsule activates caspase-1 and induces interleukin-1\u03b2 release from differentiated THP-1 and human monocyte-derived dendritic cells","volume":"78","author":"Cho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1086\/504686","article-title":"Resident CD11c+ lung cells are impaired by anthrax toxins after spore infection","volume":"194","author":"Cleret","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7994","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.12.7994","article-title":"Lung dendritic cells rapidly mediate anthrax spore entry through the pulmonary route","volume":"178","author":"Cleret","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e43266","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043266","article-title":"Both lethal and edema toxins of Bacillus anthracis disrupt the human dendritic cell chemokine network","volume":"7","author":"Cleret-Buhot","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis686","article-title":"In vivo germination of Bacillus anthracis spores during murine cutaneous infection","volume":"207","author":"Corre","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2004.06.013","article-title":"The use of a model of in vivo macrophage depletion to study the role of macrophages during infection with Bacillus anthracis spores","volume":"37","author":"Cote","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2005.02.001","article-title":"The detection of protective antigen (PA) associated with spores of Bacillus anthracis and the effects of anti-PA antibodies on spore germination and macrophage interactions","volume":"38","author":"Cote","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.1.469-480.2006","article-title":"Roles of macrophages and neutrophils in the early host response to Bacillus anthracis spores in a mouse model of infection","volume":"74","author":"Cote","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/80.1.1","article-title":"Studies on infection with Bacillus anthracis. I. A histopathological study of skin lesions produced by B. anthracis in susceptible and resistant animal species","volume":"80","author":"Cromartie","year":"1947","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2005.05.002","article-title":"Dendritic cell subsets and immune regulation in the lung","volume":"17","author":"De Heer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.02.027","article-title":"Noninvasive imaging technologies reveal edema toxin as a key virulence factor in anthrax","volume":"178","author":"Dumetz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5935","DOI":"10.1021\/ac900827s","article-title":"Femtomolar detection of the anthrax edema factor in human and animal plasma","volume":"81","author":"Duriez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal Chem."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01184-13","article-title":"Two-photon intravital imaging of lungs during anthrax infection reveals long-lasting macrophage-dendritic cell contacts","volume":"82","author":"Fiole","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201110-1782im","article-title":"Dynamics of rapid spore capture by dendritic cells in the lung alveolus","volume":"186","author":"Fiole","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2010.52","article-title":"Regulation of inducible BALT formation and contribution to immunity and pathology","volume":"3","author":"Foo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.5.1239","article-title":"Postexposure prophylaxis against experimental inhalation anthrax","volume":"167","author":"Friedlander","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05988-11","article-title":"Differential role of the interleukin-17 axis and neutrophils in resolution of inhalational anthrax","volume":"80","author":"Garraud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1006\/smim.1999.0172","article-title":"M cells at locations outside the gut","volume":"11","author":"Gebert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(03)00174-2","article-title":"Blood monocytes consist of two principal subsets with distinct migratory properties","volume":"19","author":"Geissmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178331","article-title":"Development of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells","volume":"327","author":"Geissmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2008.39","article-title":"Division of labor between dendritic cell subsets of the lung","volume":"1","author":"GeurtsvanKessel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"B42","first-page":"1518","article-title":"Pathology of anthrax infection in animal hosts","volume":"26","author":"Gleiser","year":"1967","journal-title":"Fed. Proc."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4754","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00575-07","article-title":"Noncapsulated toxinogenic Bacillus anthracis presents a specific growth and dissemination pattern in naive and protective antigen-immune mice","volume":"75","author":"Glomski","year":"2007a","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00806.x","article-title":"Murine splenocytes produce inflammatory cytokines in a MyD88-dependent response to Bacillus anthracis spores","volume":"9","author":"Glomski","year":"2007b","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e76","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030076","article-title":"Primary involvement of pharynx and peyer\u2019s patch in inhalational and intestinal anthrax","volume":"3","author":"Glomski","year":"2007c","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.07.042","article-title":"Inhaled non-capsulated Bacillus anthracis in A\/J mice: nasopharynx and alveolar space as dual portals of entry, delayed dissemination, and specific organ targeting","volume":"10","author":"Glomski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13989","article-title":"Tissue-resident macrophages originate from yolk-sac-derived erythro-myeloid progenitors","volume":"518","author":"Gomez Perdiguero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2009.07.005","article-title":"Animal models of human anthrax: the Quest for the Holy Grail","volume":"30","author":"Goossens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.016","article-title":"New insights into the biological effects of anthrax toxins: linking cellular to organismal responses","volume":"14","author":"Guichard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01137.x","article-title":"Germination of Bacillus anthracis spores within alveolar macrophages","volume":"31","author":"Guidi-Rontani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20131199","article-title":"Alveolar macrophages develop from fetal monocytes that differentiate into long-lived cells in the first week of life via GM-CSF","volume":"210","author":"Guilliams","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2008.00584.x","article-title":"Superficial exudates of neutrophils prevent invasion of Bacillus anthracis bacilli into abraded skin of resistant mice","volume":"89","author":"Hahn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lab.2005.04.003","article-title":"Analysis of epidermal entry in experimental cutaneous Bacillus anthracis infections in mice","volume":"146","author":"Hahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2275","article-title":"Dendritic cells and epithelial cells: linking innate and adaptive immunity in asthma","volume":"8","author":"Hammad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.04.004","article-title":"Tissue-resident macrophages self-maintain locally throughout adult life with minimal contribution from circulating monocytes","volume":"38","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e49741","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049741","article-title":"Anthrax lethal factor cleaves mouse nlrp1b in both toxin-sensitive and toxin-resistant macrophages","volume":"7","author":"Hellmich","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2541-0","article-title":"An overview of anthrax infection including the recently identified form of disease in injection drug users","volume":"38","author":"Hicks","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"B58","first-page":"343","article-title":"The role of the lymphatic system in the pathogenesis of anthrax","volume":"37","author":"Hughes","year":"1956","journal-title":"Br. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3600","article-title":"Alveolar macrophages: plasticity in a tissue-specific context","volume":"14","author":"Hussell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2014.08.008","article-title":"Lethal factor, but not edema factor, is required to cause fatal anthrax in cynomolgus macaques after pulmonary spore challenge","volume":"184","author":"Hutt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5861","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.9.5861","article-title":"Accelerated antigen sampling and transport by airway mucosal dendritic cells following inhalation of a bacterial stimulus","volume":"177","author":"Jahnsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.007","article-title":"Minimal differentiation of classical monocytes as they survey steady-state tissues and transport antigen to lymph nodes","volume":"39","author":"Jakubzick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3578","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.6.3578","article-title":"Modulation of dendritic cell trafficking to and from the airways","volume":"176","author":"Jakubzick","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3405","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01857-14","article-title":"Exposure to Bacillus anthracis capsule results in suppression of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells","volume":"82","author":"Jelacic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3847","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00888-15","article-title":"The Poly-\u03b3-D-glutamic Acid capsule surrogate of Bacillus anthracis capsule is a novel toll-like receptor 2 agonist","volume":"83","author":"Jeon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Immunity."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2005.02744.x","article-title":"Effect of mechanical abrasion on the viability, disruption and germination of spores of Bacillus subtilis","volume":"99","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6150","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800105105","article-title":"Antiinflammatory cAMP signaling and cell migration genes co-opted by the anthrax bacillus","volume":"105","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2012.04.005","article-title":"Microneedles for drug and vaccine delivery","volume":"64","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2005.08.004","article-title":"Surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D: structure, function and receptors","volume":"43","author":"Kishore","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002481","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002481","article-title":"Mechanisms of NK cell-macrophage Bacillus anthracis crosstalk: a balance between stimulation by spores and differential disruption by toxins","volume":"8","author":"Klezovich-Benard","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-075021","article-title":"Lung dendritic cells in respiratory viral infection and asthma: from protection to immunopathology","volume":"30","author":"Lambrecht","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4374","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01011-12","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin reduces human alveolar epithelial barrier function","volume":"80","author":"Langer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4755","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004755","article-title":"Lung epithelial injury by B. anthracis lethal toxin is caused by MKK-dependent loss of cytoskeletal integrity","volume":"4","author":"Lehmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS ONE"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002638","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002638","article-title":"Anthrax lethal factor cleavage of Nlrp1 is required for activation of the inflammasome","volume":"8","author":"Levinsohn","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100532","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100532","article-title":"Colonic immune suppression, barrier dysfunction, and dysbiosis by gastrointestinal Bacillus anthracis Infection","volume":"9","author":"Lightfoot","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/115.5.481","article-title":"Role of the lymphatics in the pathogenesis of anthrax","volume":"115","author":"Lincoln","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12424","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0905409106","article-title":"Capillary morphogenesis protein-2 is the major receptor mediating lethality of anthrax toxin in vivo","volume":"106","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2014.02.012","article-title":"Anthrax lethal and edema toxins in anthrax pathogenesis","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12510","article-title":"Key tissue targets responsible for anthrax-toxin-induced lethality","volume":"501","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00633-08","article-title":"Role of anthrax toxins in dissemination, disease progression, and induction of protective adaptive immunity in the mouse aerosol challenge model","volume":"77","author":"Loving","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4408","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00484-13","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis has two independent bottlenecks that are dependent on the portal of entry in an intranasal model of inhalational infection","volume":"81","author":"Lowe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1RU0514-241R","article-title":"Tissue-specific NK cell populations and their origin","volume":"96","author":"Lysakova-Devine","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00023-06","article-title":"Detection of anthrax toxin in the serum of animals infected with Bacillus anthracis by using engineered immunoassays","volume":"13","author":"Mabry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1086\/341299","article-title":"Effect of the lower molecular capsule released from the cell surface of Bacillus anthracis on the pathogenesis of anthrax","volume":"186","author":"Makino","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01329-08","article-title":"Anthrax edema toxin induces maturation of dendritic cells and enhances chemotaxis towards macrophage inflammatory protein 3\u03b2","volume":"77","author":"Maldonado-Arocho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0703315","article-title":"Host defense function of the airway epithelium in health and disease: clinical background","volume":"75","author":"Message","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2009.07.003","article-title":"Cellular and systemic effects of anthrax lethal toxin and edema toxin","volume":"30","author":"Moayeri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.55.1.647","article-title":"Anthrax","volume":"55","author":"Mock","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.08.011","article-title":"Ratio of lethal and edema factors in rabbit systemic anthrax","volume":"52","author":"Molin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(03)00117-0","article-title":"Leukocyte-endothelial-cell interactions in leukocyte transmigration and the inflammatory response","volume":"24","author":"Muller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709321105","article-title":"The integrin Mac-1 (CR3) mediates internalization and directs Bacillus anthracis spores into professional phagocytes","volume":"105","author":"Oliva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13957","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902392106","article-title":"CD14-Mac-1 interactions in Bacillus anthracis spore internalization by macrophages","volume":"106","author":"Oliva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1086\/644506","article-title":"Encapsulated Bacillus anthracis interacts closely with liver endothelium","volume":"200","author":"Piris-Gimenez","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000359","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000359","article-title":"Anthrax lethal toxin impairs IL-8 expression in epithelial cells through inhibition of histone H3 modification","volume":"5","author":"Raymond","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e187","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030187","article-title":"Edema toxin impairs anthracidal phospholipase A2 expression by alveolar macrophages","volume":"3","author":"Raymond","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2009.11.023","article-title":"Anthrax lethal toxin down-regulates type-IIA secreted phospholipase A(2) expression through MAPK\/NF-kappaB inactivation","volume":"79","author":"Raymond","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/86373","article-title":"Dendritic cells express tight junction proteins and penetrate gut epithelial monolayers to sample bacteria","volume":"2","author":"Rescigno","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5029","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00275-06","article-title":"Anthrax lethal toxin impairs innate immune functions of alveolar macrophages and facilitates Bacillus anthracis survival","volume":"74","author":"Ribot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.48.11.1130","article-title":"Bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in human lung: its distribution in smokers and non-smokers","volume":"48","author":"Richmond","year":"1993","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(98)01343-2","article-title":"Coiling phagocytosis: when the zipper jams, the cup is deformed","volume":"6","author":"Rittig","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e07847","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.07847","article-title":"Immune surveillance of the lung by migrating tissue monocytes","volume":"4","author":"Rodero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2010.01438.x","article-title":"Transcriptome dysregulation by anthrax lethal toxin plays a key role in induction of human endothelial cell cytotoxicity","volume":"12","author":"Rolando","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700730219","article-title":"The pathogenesis of anthrax following the administration of spores by the respiratory route","volume":"73","author":"Ross","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Pathol. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3975","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00282-08","article-title":"In vivo demonstration and quantification of intracellular Bacillus anthracis in lung epithelial cells","volume":"76","author":"Russell","year":"2008a","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.01098.x","article-title":"Potential dissemination of Bacillus anthracis utilizing human lung epithelial cells","volume":"10","author":"Russell","year":"2008b","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00869.x","article-title":"Bacillus anthracis internalization by human fibroblasts and epithelial cells","volume":"9","author":"Russell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu280","article-title":"Impaired colonic B-cell responses by gastrointestinal Bacillus anthracis infection","volume":"210","author":"Sahay","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00985-07","article-title":"Detection of Bacillus anthracis spore germination in vivo by bioluminescence imaging","volume":"76","author":"Sanz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2008.01.003","article-title":"Role of innate immune cells and their products in lung immunopathology","volume":"40","author":"Suzuki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-569-5_3","article-title":"\u201cSpore surface components and protective immunity to Bacillus anthracis,\u201d","volume-title":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH: Vol. 1, Frontiers in Research","author":"Sylvestre","year":"2008"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.63.81","article-title":"The presence of specialized epithelial cells on the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in the mouse","volume":"63","author":"Tango","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Histol. Cytol."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903114","article-title":"Cutting edge: resistance to Bacillus anthracis infection mediated by a lethal toxin sensitive allele of Nalp1b\/Nlrp1b","volume":"184","author":"Terra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01160-08","article-title":"What is the relevance of lung epithelial cells during the dissemination of spores in inhalational anthrax?","volume":"77","author":"Tournier","year":"2009a","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2009.06.002","article-title":"Anthrax toxins: a weapon to systematically dismantle the host immune defenses","volume":"30","author":"Tournier","year":"2009b","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00866.x","article-title":"Contribution of toxins to the pathogenesis of inhalational anthrax","volume":"9","author":"Tournier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4934","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.8.4934","article-title":"Anthrax edema toxin cooperates with lethal toxin to impair cytokine secretion during infection of dendritic cells","volume":"174","author":"Tournier","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3114","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00479-15","article-title":"Micropatterned macrophage analysis reveals global cytoskeleton constraints induced by Bacillus anthracis edema toxin","volume":"83","author":"Trescos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2007.06.003","article-title":"Keratinocyte cytokine and chemokine receptors","volume":"25","author":"Tuzun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatol. Clin."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1126\/science.172.3990.1303","article-title":"Ecology of anthrax","volume":"172","author":"Van Ness","year":"1971","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2007.10.011","article-title":"Progressive and destructive hair follicle infections in a murine cutaneous anthrax model","volume":"44","author":"Watts","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12232","article-title":"Circulating lethal toxin decreases the ability of neutrophils to respond to Bacillus anthracis","volume":"16","author":"Weiner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.06061-11","article-title":"Updating perspectives on the initiation of Bacillus anthracis growth and dissemination through its host","volume":"80","author":"Weiner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5799","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803406","article-title":"Resistance of human alveolar macrophages to Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin","volume":"183","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2009.07.004","article-title":"Alarmins link neutrophils and dendritic cells","volume":"30","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.12.001","article-title":"Fate mapping reveals origins and dynamics of monocytes and tissue macrophages under homeostasis","volume":"38","author":"Yona","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T12:38:43Z","timestamp":1599655123000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/Article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01122\/abstract"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,9]]},"references-count":125,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01122","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,9]]}}}