{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T22:53:34Z","timestamp":1773701614517,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":443,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01DA039789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01DA039789"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,27]],"date-time":"2015-10-27T09:59:51Z","timestamp":1445939991000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["HIV-1, methamphetamine and astrocytes at neuroinflammatory Crossroads"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Borgmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anuja","family":"Ghorpade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19258","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019258","article-title":"Methamphetamine inhibits the glucose uptake by human neurons and astrocytes: stabilization by acetyl-L-carnitine","volume":"6","author":"Abdul Muneer","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5088","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-12-05088.2003","article-title":"Changes in intracellular calcium and glutathione in astrocytes as the primary mechanism of amyloid neurotoxicity","volume":"23","author":"Abramov","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22785","article-title":"Activated microglia impairs neuroglial interaction by opening Cx43 hemichannels in hippocampal astrocytes","volume":"63","author":"Abudara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.02.016","article-title":"HIV-1 Nef expression in microglia disrupts dopaminergic and immune functions with associated mania-like behaviors","volume":"40","author":"Acharjee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2011.10.025","article-title":"Augmentation of methamphetamine-induced behaviors in transgenic mice lacking the trace amine-associated receptor 1","volume":"101","author":"Achat-Mendes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2010.1489","article-title":"Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to various food(s)\/food constituent(s) and protection of cells from premature aging, antioxidant activity, antioxidant content and antioxidant properties, and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924\/2006","volume":"8","author":"Agostoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Food Saf. Authority J."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0122843","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122843","article-title":"WIN 55,212-2, agonist of cannabinoid receptors, prevents amyloid beta1-42 effects on astrocytes in primary culture","volume":"10","author":"Aguirre-Rueda","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-013-0227-1","article-title":"Antiretroviral drugs induce oxidative stress and neuronal damage in the central nervous system","volume":"20","author":"Akay","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(01)00192-0","article-title":"Celastrol, a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drug, as a possible treatment for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"25","author":"Allison","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22303","article-title":"Comparative structural and functional analysis of the GLT-1\/EAAT-2 promoter from man and rat","volume":"88","author":"Allritz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1206936","article-title":"The Hedgehog pathway promotes blood-brain barrier integrity and CNS immune quiescence","volume":"334","author":"Alvarez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.1.139","article-title":"HIV coreceptor downregulation as antiviral principle: SDF-1alpha-dependent internalization of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 contributes to inhibition of HIV replication","volume":"186","author":"Amara","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10193","article-title":"Astrocytes are the major intracerebral source of macrophage inflammatory protein-3alpha\/CCL20 in relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and in vitro","volume":"41","author":"Ambrosini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jnen.0000173893.01929.fc","article-title":"Astrocytes produce dendritic cell-attracting chemokines in vitro and in multiple sclerosis lesions","volume":"64","author":"Ambrosini","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300454","article-title":"Endocannabinoid system modulates relapse to methamphetamine seeking: possible mediation by the arachidonic acid cascade","volume":"29","author":"Anggadiredja","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90186-8","article-title":"Glutamate-induced neuronal death: a succession of necrosis or apoptosis depending on mitochondrial function","volume":"15","author":"Ankarcrona","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7067","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.15.7067-7077.2001","article-title":"Interferon-independent, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120-mediated induction of CXCL10\/IP-10 gene expression by astrocytes in vivo and in vitro","volume":"75","author":"Asensio","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e332","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2012.54","article-title":"Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 protects human neurons from staurosporine and HIV-1-induced apoptosis: mechanisms and relevance to HIV-1-associated dementia","volume":"3","author":"Ashutosh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.07.127","article-title":"CXCL8 protects human neurons from amyloid-beta-induced neurotoxicity: relevance to Alzheimer's disease","volume":"412","author":"Ashutosh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"212","key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00212","article-title":"Effect of human immunodeficiency virus on blood-brain barrier integrity and function: an update","volume":"9","author":"Atluri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21974","article-title":"Equal numbers of neuronal and nonneuronal cells make the human brain an isometrically scaled-up primate brain","volume":"513","author":"Azevedo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0912433","article-title":"Biogenic amines activate blood leukocytes via trace amine-associated receptors TAAR1 and TAAR2","volume":"93","author":"Babusyte","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1431","article-title":"Pharmacologic management of human immunodeficiency virus wasting syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Badowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00350.x","article-title":"Stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha induces astrocyte proliferation through the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1\/2 pathway","volume":"77","author":"Bajetto","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00350.x","article-title":"Glial and neuronal cells express functional chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its natural ligand stromal cell-derived factor 1","volume":"73","author":"Bajetto","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2010.02.023","article-title":"HIV proteins (gp120 and Tat) and methamphetamine in oxidative stress-induced damage in the brain: potential role of the thiol antioxidant N-acetylcysteine amide","volume":"48","author":"Banerjee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-008-9105-7","article-title":"CD38\/cyclic ADP-ribose regulates astrocyte calcium signaling: implications for neuroinflammation and HIV-1-associated dementia","volume":"3","author":"Banerjee","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102419","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/102419","article-title":"Astroglia-microglia cross talk during neurodegeneration in the rat hippocampus","volume":"2015","author":"Batlle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.16.3.283","article-title":"FTY720, an immunomodulatory sphingolipid mimetic: translation of a novel mechanism into clinical benefit in multiple sclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Baumruker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13811","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)36720-0","article-title":"Cytokines and HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 stimulate Na+\/H+ exchange in astrocytes","volume":"269","author":"Benos","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-1136(200009)31:3262::AID-GLIA703.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Phagocytosis of neuronal or glial debris by microglial cells: upregulation of MHC class II expression and multinuclear giant cell formation in vitro","volume":"31","author":"Beyer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.1.530","article-title":"Extracellular HIV-Tat induces cyclooxygenase-2 in glial cells through activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells","volume":"180","author":"Blanco","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1038\/382829a0","article-title":"The lymphocyte chemoattractant SDF-1 is a ligand for LESTR\/fusin and blocks HIV-1 entry","volume":"382","author":"Bleul","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2005.06.004","article-title":"Microglia and inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration: multiple triggers with a common mechanism","volume":"76","author":"Block","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000162171.30089.f6","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate prevents tumor necrosis factor-{alpha}-mediated monocyte adhesion to aortic endothelium in mice","volume":"25","author":"Bolick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.12.16","article-title":"Modulation of inflammatory signaling and cytokine release from microglia by celastrol incorporated into dendrimer nanocarriers","volume":"7","author":"Boridy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nanomedicine (Lond.)"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-009-9167-1","article-title":"Gene expression profiles of HIV-1-infected glia and brain: toward better understanding of the role of astrocytes in HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders","volume":"5","author":"Borjabad","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.1051","article-title":"Isolated human astrocytes are not susceptible to infection by M- and T-tropic HIV-1 strains despite functional expression of the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4","volume":"34","author":"Boutet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.3.1505","article-title":"Leukocyte infiltration, but not neurodegeneration, in the CNS of transgenic mice with astrocyte production of the CXC chemokine ligand 10","volume":"169","author":"Boztug","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4930","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5480-05.2006","article-title":"Induction of glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in astrocytes by nitric oxide","volume":"26","author":"Brahmachari","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5917","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803336","article-title":"Sodium benzoate, a metabolite of cinnamon and a food additive, reduces microglial and astroglial inflammatory responses","volume":"183","author":"Brahmachari","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07544.x","article-title":"The antiretroviral protease inhibitors indinavir and nelfinavir stimulate Mrp1-mediated GSH export from cultured brain astrocytes","volume":"120","author":"Brandmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2013.748029","article-title":"Is specific HIV eradication from the brain possible or needed?","volume":"13","author":"Brew","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4838(99)00279-4","article-title":"Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: evolution, structure and function","volume":"1477","author":"Brew","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22443","article-title":"The astrocyte in multiple sclerosis revisited","volume":"61","author":"Brosnan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2003.10.016","article-title":"HIV-1 induces complement factor C3 synthesis in astrocytes and neurons by modulation of promoter activity","volume":"40","author":"Bruder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12068","article-title":"Monocyte\/macrophages and their role in HIV neuropathogenesis","volume":"254","author":"Burdo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2011.09.002","article-title":"Detailed analysis of inflammatory and neuromodulatory cytokine secretion from human NT2 astrocytes using multiplex bead array","volume":"60","author":"Burkert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2011.02.023","article-title":"ATP: a ubiquitous gliotransmitter integrating neuron-glial networks","volume":"22","author":"Butt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033915","article-title":"Interactions of HIV and methamphetamine: cellular and molecular mechanisms of toxicity potentiation","volume":"12","author":"Cadet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(09)88005-7","article-title":"Molecular bases of methamphetamine-induced neurodegeneration","volume":"88","author":"Cadet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1994.62010380.x","article-title":"Attenuation of methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in copper\/zinc superoxide dismutase transgenic mice","volume":"62","author":"Cadet","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20512","article-title":"The combination of methamphetamine and of the HIV protein, Tat, induces death of the human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y","volume":"62","author":"Cai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2005.05.014","article-title":"Role of glutamate transporters in the clearance and release of glutamate during ischemia and its relation to neuronal death","volume":"37","author":"Camacho","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7925","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.17.7925-7933.2001","article-title":"Highly productive infection with pseudotyped human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) indicates no intracellular restrictions to hiv-1 replication in primary human astrocytes","volume":"75","author":"Canki","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5864","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02234-06","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus-restricted replication in astrocytes and the ability of gamma interferon to modulate this restriction are regulated by a downstream effector of the Wnt signaling pathway","volume":"81","author":"Carroll-Anzinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3246","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302647","article-title":"Buprenorphine decreases the CCL2-mediated chemotactic response of monocytes","volume":"194","author":"Carvallo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2015.01.018","article-title":"Microglia: multitasking specialists of the brain","volume":"32","author":"Casano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)03122-6","article-title":"HIV-1 protein Tat potentiation of methamphetamine-induced decreases in evoked overflow of dopamine in the striatum of the rat","volume":"984","author":"Cass","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e98079","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098079","article-title":"Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol prevents methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity","volume":"9","author":"Castelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1551","article-title":"Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule promotes leukocyte trafficking into the central nervous system","volume":"9","author":"Cayrol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1303284","article-title":"Astrocytic TGF-beta signaling limits inflammation and reduces neuronal damage during central nervous system Toxoplasma infection","volume":"193","author":"Cekanaviciute","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2012.0264","article-title":"Methamphetamine inhibits Toll-like receptor 9-mediated anti-HIV activity in macrophages","volume":"29","author":"Cen","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.3844\/ajidsp.2009.307.313","article-title":"Production and roles of glial tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in human immunodeficiency virus-1-associated dementia neuroinflammation: a Review","volume":"5","author":"Chao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e106910","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106910","article-title":"Unperturbed posttranscriptional regulatory Rev protein function and HIV-1 replication in astrocytes","volume":"9","author":"Chauhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2015.05.006","article-title":"Enigma of HIV-1 latent infection in astrocytes: an in-vitro study using protein kinase C agonist as a latency reversing agent","volume":"17","author":"Chauhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2014.08.013","article-title":"HIV-1 endocytosis in astrocytes: a kiss of death or survival of the fittest?","volume":"88","author":"Chauhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.2174\/138945005774574506","article-title":"Reactive astrocytes as potential manipulation targets in novel cell replacement therapy of Parkinson's disease","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473711205030227","article-title":"Mechanism of action of methamphetamine within the catecholamine and serotonin areas of the central nervous system","volume":"5","author":"Chiu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Abuse Rev."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1080\/10715769900301211","article-title":"The redox pathway of S-nitrosoglutathione, glutathione and nitric oxide in cell to neuron communications","volume":"31","author":"Chiueh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e92325","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092325","article-title":"Human astrocytes: secretome profiles of cytokines and chemokines","volume":"9","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8820","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules19078820","article-title":"Regulatory effects of fisetin on microglial activation","volume":"19","author":"Chuang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-7-1","article-title":"Regulation of CCL2 and CCL3 expression in human brain endothelial cells by cytokines and lipopolysaccharide","volume":"7","author":"Chui","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e32835fc601","article-title":"Where does HIV hide? A focus on the central nervous system","volume":"8","author":"Churchill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.2174\/157016212802138832","article-title":"HIV-1, methamphetamine and astrocyte glutamate regulation: combined excitotoxic implications for neuro-AIDS","volume":"10","author":"Cisneros","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. HIV Res."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.06.011","article-title":"Methamphetamine and HIV-1-induced neurotoxicity: role of trace amine associated receptor 1 cAMP signaling in astrocytes","volume":"85","author":"Cisneros","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00049","DOI":"10.1042\/AN20100027","article-title":"T-cell production of matrix metalloproteinases and inhibition of parasite clearance by TIMP-1 during chronic Toxoplasma infection in the brain","volume":"3","author":"Clark","year":"2011","journal-title":"ASN Neuro"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.04.020","article-title":"Oxidative and nitrative stress in neurodegeneration","author":"Cobb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2015.59","article-title":"The TNF-alpha\/NF-kappaB signaling pathway has a key role in methamphetamine-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction","volume":"35","author":"Coelho-Santos","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24217","article-title":"Fingolimod may support neuroprotection via blockade of astrocyte nitric oxide","volume":"76","author":"Colombo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2013.03.016","article-title":"Inflammation and hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"536","author":"Coltart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2003.tb00005.x","article-title":"Lymphoid chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 are expressed in the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: implications for the maintenance of chronic neuroinflammation","volume":"13","author":"Columba-Cabezas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1996.tb52684.x","article-title":"Astrocytes and microglia produce interleukin-12 p40","volume":"795","author":"Constantinescu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03368.x","article-title":"Astrocytes as antigen-presenting cells: expression of IL-12\/IL-23","volume":"95","author":"Constantinescu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22644","article-title":"Astrocytes produce IL-19 in response to bacterial challenge and are sensitive to the immunosuppressive effects of this IL-10 family member","volume":"62","author":"Cooley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B86","first-page":"18","article-title":"Mitochondria and HIV infection: the first decade","volume":"16","author":"Cossarizza","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3109\/13550280009006384","article-title":"Upregulated expression of interleukin-8, RANTES and chemokine receptors in human astrocytic cells infected with HIV-1","volume":"6","author":"Cota","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00024-5","article-title":"Expression of multiple functional chemokine receptors and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in human neurons","volume":"97","author":"Coughlan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1439","article-title":"Interaction between TGFbeta signaling proteins and C\/EBP controls basal and Tat-mediated transcription of HIV-1 LTR in astrocytes","volume":"299","author":"Coyle-Rink","year":"2002","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2013.12.024","article-title":"Functional regeneration beyond the glial scar","volume":"253","author":"Cregg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10181","article-title":"Expression of chemokines and their receptors in human and simian astrocytes: evidence for a central role of TNF alpha and IFN gamma in CXCR4 and CCR5 modulation","volume":"41","author":"Croitoru-Lamoury","year":"2003","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B92","first-page":"2231","article-title":"Evidence for stimulation of the transforming growth factor beta 1 promoter by HIV-1 Tat in cells derived from CNS","volume":"8","author":"Cupp","year":"1993","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(95)00062-7","article-title":"HIV-1 non-specifically stimulates production of transforming growth factor-beta 1 transfer in primary astrocytes","volume":"60","author":"da Cunha","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(92)90047-O","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) expression and regulation in rat cortical astrocytes","volume":"36","author":"da Cunha","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"issue":"362","key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00362","article-title":"The impact of microglial activation on blood-brain barrier in brain diseases","volume":"8","author":"da Fonseca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200501010-00008","article-title":"Marijuana use and its association with adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected persons with moderate to severe nausea","volume":"38","author":"de Jong","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e102555","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102555","article-title":"Epigenetic alterations in the brain associated with HIV-1 infection and methamphetamine dependence","volume":"9","author":"Desplats","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2012.11.008","article-title":"Glia and epilepsy: excitability and inflammation","volume":"36","author":"Devinsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20787","article-title":"Novel role of TGF-beta in differential astrocyte-TIMP-1 regulation: implications for HIV-1-dementia and neuroinflammation","volume":"83","author":"Dhar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12442","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12442","article-title":"Bryostatin activates HIV-1 latent expression in human astrocytes through a PKC and NF-kB-dependent mechanism","volume":"5","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-009-0777-y","article-title":"Alteration of blood-brain barrier function by methamphetamine and cocaine","volume":"336","author":"Dietrich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.48.10.757","article-title":"Quantitative growth and development of human brain","volume":"48","author":"Dobbing","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-01-00071.1996","article-title":"In vitro ischemia promotes calcium influx and intracellular calcium release in hippocampal astrocytes","volume":"16","author":"Duffy","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3195","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.7.3195","article-title":"IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10; CXCL10)-deficient mice reveal a role for IP-10 in effector T cell generation and trafficking","volume":"168","author":"Dufour","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.11.004","article-title":"The analysis of IL-1 beta and its naturally occurring inhibitors in multiple sclerosis: the elevation of IL-1 receptor antagonist and IL-1 receptor type II after steroid therapy","volume":"207","author":"Dujmovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-015-0029-9","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier dysfunction developed during normal aging is associated with inflammation and loss of tight junctions but not with leukocyte recruitment","volume":"12","author":"Elahy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immun. Ageing"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22637","article-title":"The selective anti-IL17A monoclonal antibody secukinumab (AIN457) attenuates IL17A-induced levels of IL6 in human astrocytes","volume":"62","author":"Elain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3109\/08820139.2011.561904","article-title":"Toll-like receptor expression and activation in astroglia: differential regulation by HIV-1 Tat, gp120, and morphine","volume":"40","author":"El-Hage","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunol. Invest."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.02.040","article-title":"Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor signaling is necessary for microglia viability, unmasking a microglia progenitor cell in the adult brain","volume":"82","author":"Elmore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.03.053","article-title":"Astrocyte-derived TGF-beta1 accelerates disease progression in ALS mice by interfering with the neuroprotective functions of microglia and T cells","volume":"11","author":"Endo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.05989.x","article-title":"In vitro glutaminase regulation and mechanisms of glutamate generation in HIV-1-infected macrophage","volume":"109","author":"Erdmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnr.2006.09.009","article-title":"Potentiation of excitotoxicity in HIV-1 associated dementia and the significance of glutaminase","volume":"6","author":"Erdmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.6.1344","article-title":"Evidence for long-term neurotoxicity associated with methamphetamine abuse: a 1H MRS study","volume":"54","author":"Ernst","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.58.9.1439","article-title":"Increased glutamate in CSF and plasma of patients with HIV dementia","volume":"58","author":"Espey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.65","article-title":"TAAR1 modulates cortical glutamate NMDA receptor function","volume":"40","author":"Espinoza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12443","article-title":"Cytochrome C dysregulation induced by HIV infection of astrocytes results in bystander apoptosis of uninfected astrocytes by an IP3 and calcium-dependent mechanism","volume":"127","author":"Eugenin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9456","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1460-11.2011","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus infection of human astrocytes disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity by a gap junction-dependent mechanism","volume":"31","author":"Eugenin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2012.10.008","article-title":"Inflammation and neurovascular changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"53","author":"Evans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2010.498019","article-title":"IP-10 predicts the first phase decline of HCV RNA and overall viral response to therapy in patients co-infected with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and HIV","volume":"42","author":"Falconer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02144.x","article-title":"Defined inflammatory states in astrocyte cultures: correlation with susceptibility towards CD95-driven apoptosis","volume":"88","author":"Falsig","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162x13666150121115804","article-title":"STAT3 and its phosphorylation are involved in HIV-1 Tat-induced transactivation of glial fibrillary acidic protein","volume":"13","author":"Fan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. HIV Res."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3579","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13159","article-title":"A Sativex((R)) -like combination of phytocannabinoids as a disease-modifying therapy in a viral model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"172","author":"Feli\u00fa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.4.671","article-title":"Increased glutamate in CSF and plasma of patients with HIV dementia","volume":"57","author":"Ferrarese","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-013-0170-1","article-title":"Extracellular HIV-1 viral protein R affects astrocytic glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and neuronal survival","volume":"19","author":"Ferrucci","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00652.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of prostaglandin E2-induced interleukin-6 release in astrocytes: possible involvement of EP4-like receptors, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and protein kinase C","volume":"79","author":"Fiebich","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e56891","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056891","article-title":"Extracellular regulated kinase 1\/2 signaling is a critical regulator of interleukin-1beta-mediated astrocyte tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression","volume":"8","author":"Fields","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07203.x","article-title":"CCAAT\/enhancer binding protein beta expression is increased in the brain during HIV-1-infection and contributes to regulation of astrocyte tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1","volume":"118","author":"Fields","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-177","article-title":"C\/EBPbeta regulates multiple IL-1beta-induced human astrocyte inflammatory genes","volume":"9","author":"Fields","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15303","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.26.15303","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibits glutamate uptake by primary human astrocytes. Implications for pathogenesis of HIV-1 dementia","volume":"271","author":"Fine","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2012.05.029","article-title":"Morphine efficacy is altered in conditional HIV-1 Tat transgenic mice","volume":"689","author":"Fitting","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162X1206150311161147","article-title":"Opiate addiction therapies and HIV-1 Tat: interactive effects on glial [Ca(2)(+)]i, oxyradical and neuroinflammatory chemokine production and correlative neurotoxicity","volume":"12","author":"Fitting","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. HIV Res."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.8048","article-title":"Methamphetamine potentiates HIV-1 Tat protein-mediated activation of redox-sensitive pathways in discrete regions of the brain","volume":"179","author":"Flora","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1385\/NMM:8:3:337","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 is involved in HIV-1 Tat-induced inflammatory responses in the brain","volume":"8","author":"Flora","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuromolecular Med."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(03)00009-2","article-title":"Regulation of chemokine receptor expression in human microglia and astrocytes","volume":"136","author":"Flynn","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD002853","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002853","article-title":"Propentofylline for dementia.","author":"Frampton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000618","article-title":"Plasma levels of cytokines and chemokines and the risk of mortality in HIV-infected individuals: a case-control analysis nested in a large clinical trial","volume":"29","author":"French","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12201","article-title":"Glial reactivity in resistance to methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity","volume":"125","author":"Friend","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20823","article-title":"Potential mechanisms for astrocyte-TIMP-1 downregulation in chronic inflammatory diseases","volume":"83","author":"Gardner","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10835","article-title":"Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1: the TIMPed balance of matrix metalloproteinases in the central nervous system","volume":"74","author":"Gardner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)01092-6","article-title":"Soluble interleukin-1 receptor type II levels are elevated in cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease patients","volume":"826","author":"Garlind","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280290049660","article-title":"Methamphetamine enhances cell-associated feline immunodeficiency virus replication in astrocytes","volume":"8","author":"Gavrilin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-015-0266-8","article-title":"Neuropathology of HAND with suppressive antiretroviral therapy: encephalitis and neurodegeneration reconsidered","volume":"12","author":"Gelman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. HIV\/AIDS Rep."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198526100.001.0001","volume-title":"The Neurology of AIDS.","author":"Gendelman","year":"2005"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.6.1703","article-title":"Cytokines and arachidonic metabolites produced during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected macrophage-astroglia interactions: implications for the neuropathogenesis of HIV disease","volume":"176","author":"Genis","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(03)00222-4","article-title":"HIV-1 and IL-1beta regulate Fas ligand expression in human astrocytes through the NF-kappaB pathway","volume":"141","author":"Ghorpade","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(199709)21:1<114::AID-GLIA13>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Metabolic trafficking through astrocytic gap junctions","volume":"21","author":"Giaume","year":"1997","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-6618(02)00320-1","article-title":"Contribution to characterization of oxidative stress in HIV\/AIDS patients","volume":"47","author":"Gil","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4459","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI72279","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1 deficiency accompanies neuropathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders","volume":"124","author":"Gill","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2009.07059.x","article-title":"Methamphetamine-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal dysfunction in the mice hippocampus: preventive effect of indomethacin","volume":"31","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1432.043","article-title":"Methamphetamine-induced early increase of IL-6 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in the mouse brain","volume":"1139","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4345","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.7.4345","article-title":"Copolymer-1 induces adaptive immune anti-inflammatory glial and neuroprotective responses in a murine model of HIV-1 encephalitis","volume":"179","author":"Gorantla","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20607","article-title":"Modulation of innate immunity by copolymer-1 leads to neuroprotection in murine HIV-1 encephalitis","volume":"56","author":"Gorantla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162033485122","article-title":"Astrocyte infection by HIV-1: mechanisms of restricted virus replication, and role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1-associated dementia","volume":"1","author":"Gorry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. HIV Res."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21229","article-title":"Nrf2 deficiency potentiates methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic axonal damage and gliosis in the striatum","volume":"59","author":"Granado","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e90620","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090620","article-title":"HIV-1 entry and trans-infection of astrocytes involves CD81 vesicles","volume":"9","author":"Gray","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10316","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M509973200","article-title":"Persistent interleukin-1beta signaling causes long term activation of NFkappaB in a promoter-specific manner in human glial cells","volume":"281","author":"Griffin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05568.x","article-title":"Reduced vesicular storage of dopamine exacerbates methamphetamine-induced neurodegeneration and astrogliosis","volume":"106","author":"Guillot","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-011-0028-3","article-title":"Dopamine receptor D3 genetic polymorphism (rs6280TC) is associated with rates of cognitive impairment in methamphetamine-dependent men with HIV: preliminary findings","volume":"17","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-7-32","article-title":"Suggested guidelines for the diagnosis and management of urea cycle disorders","volume":"7","author":"H\u00e4berle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orphanet J. Rare Dis."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-003-0825-y","article-title":"Astrocyte mediated modulation of blood-brain barrier permeability does not correlate with a loss of tight junction proteins from the cellular contacts","volume":"315","author":"Hamm","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.01.037","article-title":"Acute cannabinoids impair working memory through astroglial CB1 receptor modulation of hippocampal LTD","volume":"148","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.63.6.2527-2533.1989","article-title":"CD4-independent infection of human neural cells by human immunodeficiency virus type 1","volume":"63","author":"Harouse","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/301713","article-title":"Patterns and correlates of cannabis use among individuals with HIV\/AIDS in Maritime Canada","volume":"25","author":"Harris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can. J. Infect. Dis. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.033","article-title":"Inhibition of human astrocyte and microglia neurotoxicity by calcium channel blockers","volume":"63","author":"Hashioka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00396.x","article-title":"HIV-1 Tat through phosphorylation of NMDA receptors potentiates glutamate excitotoxicity","volume":"78","author":"Haughey","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2004.12.012","article-title":"Innate (inherent) control of brain infection, brain inflammation and brain repair: the role of microglia, astrocytes, \u2033protective\u2033 glial stem cells and stromal ependymal cells","volume":"48","author":"Hauwel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/35058528","article-title":"GLIA: listening and talking to the synapse","volume":"2","author":"Haydon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05200.x","article-title":"Protein phosphorylation cascades associated with methamphetamine-induced glial activation","volume":"914","author":"Hebert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8411","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2745-14.2015","article-title":"Astrocytes are primed by chronic neurodegeneration to produce exaggerated chemokine and cell infiltration responses to acute stimulation with the cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha","volume":"35","author":"Hennessy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"291","key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00291","article-title":"Neural precursor cells in the ischemic brain - integration, cellular crosstalk, and consequences for stroke recovery","volume":"8","author":"Hermann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13106","article-title":"Endocannabinoids modulate human blood-brain barrier permeability in vitro","volume":"172","author":"Hind","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00218-F","article-title":"Methamphetamine-induced serotonin neurotoxicity is mediated by superoxide radicals","volume":"677","author":"Hirata","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.09.010","article-title":"Combination of methamphetamine and HIV-1 gp120 causes distinct long-term alterations of behavior, gene expression, and injury in the central nervous system","volume":"263","author":"Hoefer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199905070-00003","article-title":"Human astrocytes inhibit HIV-1 expression in monocyte-derived macrophages by secreted factors","volume":"13","author":"Hori","year":"1999","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2008.01.005","article-title":"Protective effects of interferon-gamma against methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity","volume":"177","author":"Hozumi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)01318-8","article-title":"Amyloid-beta peptide activates cultured astrocytes: morphological alterations, cytokine induction and nitric oxide release","volume":"785","author":"Hu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e77577","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077577","article-title":"CB2 receptor agonists protect human dopaminergic neurons against damage from HIV-1 gp120","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B178","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Association and Mechanism Between Cyclooxygenase-2 and Interleukin-6 in Gastric Cancer"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15195","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2051-11.2011","article-title":"Glutaminase dysregulation in HIV-1-infected human microglia mediates neurotoxicity: relevant to HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders","volume":"31","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/09540260701862086","article-title":"Neurobiology of HIV","volume":"20","author":"Hult","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045","article-title":"Inhibition of glial inflammatory activation and neurotoxicity by tricyclic antidepressants","volume":"55","author":"Hwang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20140194","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0194","article-title":"Regulation of neuronal excitability by release of proteins from glial cells","volume":"370","author":"Igelhorst","year":"2015","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390500177156","article-title":"Methamphetamine administration produces immunomodulation in mice","volume":"68","author":"In","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.14-42","article-title":"A mitochondrial superoxide theory for oxidative stress diseases and aging","volume":"56","author":"Indo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.67041770.x","article-title":"The neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole, protects against methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in vivo","volume":"67","author":"Itzhak","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2943","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200009110-00022","article-title":"nNOS inhibitors attenuate methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity but not hyperthermia in mice","volume":"11","author":"Itzhak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-014-0233-y","article-title":"Detrimental impact of remote methamphetamine dependence on neurocognitive and everyday functioning in older but not younger HIV+ adults: evidence for a legacy effect?","volume":"20","author":"Iudicello","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280902769764","article-title":"Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the blood-brain barrier","volume":"15","author":"Ivey","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-013-1158-7","article-title":"Increased glutamate uptake in astrocytes via propentofylline results in increased tumor cell apoptosis using the CNS-1 glioma model","volume":"114","author":"Jacobs","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nor194","article-title":"Propentofylline decreases tumor growth in a rodent model of glioblastoma multiforme by a direct mechanism on microglia","volume":"14","author":"Jacobs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-10-64","article-title":"Impairment of mitochondrial calcium handling in a mtSOD1 cell culture model of motoneuron disease","volume":"10","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1017\/S1740925X09000052","article-title":"Glutamate elicits release of BDNF from basal forebrain astrocytes in a process dependent on metabotropic receptors and the PLC pathway","volume":"4","author":"Jean","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron Glia Biol."},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.2174\/1872213X08666140619105915","article-title":"Management of glia-mediated neuroinflammation and related patents","volume":"8","author":"Jha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Recent Pat. Inflamm. Allergy Drug Discov."},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.10.006","article-title":"Soluble factors from IL-1beta-stimulated astrocytes activate NR1a\/NR2B receptors: implications for HIV-1-induced neurodegeneration","volume":"402","author":"Jing","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858402239587","article-title":"Cytokines: powerful regulators of glial cell activation","volume":"9","author":"John","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2008.06.004","article-title":"Pathophysiological and pharmacological implications of mitochondria-targeted reactive oxygen species generation in astrocytes","volume":"60","author":"Jou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2007.78","article-title":"Celastrol inhibits production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines through MAPK signal transduction and NF-kappaB in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells","volume":"39","author":"Jung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e243","DOI":"10.14800\/ttnd.243","article-title":"Astrocyte mediated MMP-9 activation in the synapse dysfunction: an implication in Alzheimer disease","volume":"1","author":"Kamat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ther. Targets Neurol. Dis."},{"key":"B199","volume-title":"Principles of Neural Science.","author":"Kandel","year":"2000"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2005.04.006","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of HIV-1-inducible astrocyte elevated gene-1, AEG-1","volume":"353","author":"Kang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8212","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.14.8212","article-title":"Chemokines and activated macrophages in HIV gp120-induced neuronal apoptosis","volume":"96","author":"Kaul","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.2174\/157015911795016930","article-title":"Role of sigma receptors in methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity","volume":"9","author":"Kaushal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.12.039","article-title":"Neuroprotective targets through which 6-acetyl-3-(4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one (SN79), a sigma receptor ligand, mitigates the effects of methamphetamine in vitro","volume":"724","author":"Kaushal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2012.08.005","article-title":"Pharmacological evaluation of SN79, a sigma (sigma) receptor ligand, against methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in vivo","volume":"23","author":"Kaushal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.06.028","article-title":"CM156, a high affinity sigma ligand, attenuates the stimulant and neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine in mice","volume":"61","author":"Kaushal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-1-16","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of brain abscess","volume":"1","author":"Kielian","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02487.x","article-title":"Regulation of RANTES\/CCL5 expression in human astrocytes by interleukin-1 and interferon-beta","volume":"90","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(09)88003-3","article-title":"Dopamine-induced behavioral changes and oxidative stress in methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity","volume":"88","author":"Kita","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.92.178","article-title":"Current research on methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity: animal models of monoamine disruption","volume":"92","author":"Kita","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.09.001","article-title":"Straub tail reaction in mice treated with sigma(1) receptor antagonist in combination with methamphetamine","volume":"1482","author":"Kitanaka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1425-z","article-title":"Sigma1 receptor antagonists determine the behavioral pattern of the methamphetamine-induced stereotypy in mice","volume":"203","author":"Kitanaka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2012-0062","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis and glutamate excitotoxicity","volume":"24","author":"Kostic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22060","article-title":"CD38 regulation in activated astrocytes: implications for neuroinflammation and HIV-1 brain infection","volume":"87","author":"Kou","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2009.03.002","article-title":"Methamphetamine toxicity and messengers of death","volume":"60","author":"Krasnova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9214","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.19.9214-9221.2000","article-title":"Induction of the chemokines interleukin-8 and IP-10 by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat in astrocytes","volume":"74","author":"Kutsch","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2004.12.009","article-title":"Microglial cell population dynamics in the injured adult central nervous system","volume":"48","author":"Ladeby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.2159","article-title":"Add-on treatment of benzoate for schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of D-amino acid oxidase inhibitor","volume":"70","author":"Lane","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280490520961","article-title":"The role of mitochondrial alterations in the combined toxic effects of human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein and methamphetamine on calbindin positive-neurons","volume":"10","author":"Langford","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2001.tb00401.x","article-title":"Crosstalk between components of the blood brain barrier and cells of the CNS in microglial activation in AIDS","volume":"11","author":"Langford","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05192.x","article-title":"Methamphetamine-induced oxidative stress in cultured mouse astrocytes","volume":"914","author":"Lau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-04-01484.1999","article-title":"Dopamine quinone formation and protein modification associated with the striatal neurotoxicity of methamphetamine: evidence against a role for extracellular dopamine","volume":"19","author":"LaVoie","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(92)90500-2","article-title":"Turnover of resident microglia in the normal adult mouse brain","volume":"48","author":"Lawson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-116","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory role of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.7.2659","article-title":"Cytokine production by human fetal microglia and astrocytes. Differential induction by lipopolysaccharide and IL-1 beta","volume":"150","author":"Lee","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3542(03)00069-X","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy: experimental clarifications and persistent clinical questions","volume":"58","author":"Lewis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000605","article-title":"Cell-to-cell contact facilitates HIV transmission from lymphocytes to astrocytes via CXCR4","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-013-8625-1","article-title":"Connexins-mediated glia networking impacts myelination and remyelination in the central nervous system","volume":"49","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6771","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100099","article-title":"IFN-gamma mediates enhancement of HIV replication in astrocytes by inducing an antagonist of the beta-catenin pathway (DKK1) in a STAT 3-dependent manner","volume":"186","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070971","article-title":"Methamphetamine enhances HIV infection of macrophages","volume":"172","author":"Liang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.132647","article-title":"Trace amine-associated receptor 1 modulates dopaminergic activity","volume":"324","author":"Lindemann","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1651304","article-title":"[Virus infection and blood coagulation]","volume":"20","author":"Linder","year":"1968","journal-title":"Thromb. Diath. Haemorrh."},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1994.63051625.x","article-title":"Cytoskeletal alterations in human fetal astrocytes induced by interleukin-1 beta","volume":"63","author":"Liu","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4450","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04450","article-title":"HIV-1 Nef induces CCL5 production in astrocytes through p38-MAPK and PI3K\/Akt pathway and utilizes NF-kB, CEBP and AP-1 transcription factors","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2014a","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4120","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.8.4120-4133.2004","article-title":"CD4-independent infection of astrocytes by human immunodeficiency virus type 1: requirement for the human mannose receptor","volume":"78","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000000199","article-title":"HIV transactivator of transcription enhances methamphetamine-induced Parkinson's-like behavior in the rats","author":"Liu","year":"2014b","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-014-0245-7","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus (HCV) interaction with astrocytes: nonproductive infection and induction of IL-18","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2014c","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.01.013","article-title":"Methamphetamine-induced dopamine terminal deficits in the nucleus accumbens are exacerbated by reward-associated cues and attenuated by CB1 receptor antagonism","volume":"62","author":"Loewinger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482575","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/482575","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier abnormalities caused by HIV-1 gp120: mechanistic and therapeutic implications","volume":"2012","author":"Louboutin","year":"2012","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"B239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devbrainres.2005.01.004","article-title":"Neutrophil-specific chemokines are produced by astrocytic cells but not by neuronal cells","volume":"155","author":"Lu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"B240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03123.x","article-title":"Enhanced expression and shedding of the transmembrane chemokine CXCL16 by reactive astrocytes and glioma cells","volume":"93","author":"Ludwig","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-014-0304-0","article-title":"Cell-cell contact viral transfer contributes to HIV infection and persistence in astrocytes","volume":"21","author":"Luo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-8991-3","article-title":"HIV Tat-mediated induction of human brain microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis involves endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.1.5","article-title":"IL-16 represses HIV-1 promoter activity","volume":"158","author":"Maciaszek","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.01.093","article-title":"Methamphetamine alters blood brain barrier permeability via the modulation of tight junction expression: implication for HIV-1 neuropathogenesis in the context of drug abuse","volume":"1203","author":"Mahajan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45596","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045596","article-title":"Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP) 2 and p38 regulate the expression of chemokine CXCL8 in human astrocytes","volume":"7","author":"Mamik","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e92145","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092145","article-title":"Chemokine CXCL8 promotes HIV-1 replication in human monocyte-derived macrophages and primary microglia via nuclear factor-kappaB pathway","volume":"9","author":"Mamik","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-145","article-title":"HIV-1 and IL-1beta regulate astrocytic CD38 through mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappaB signaling mechanisms","volume":"8","author":"Mamik","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)09102-3","article-title":"Delayed increase of Ca2+ influx elicited by glutamate: role in neuronal death","volume":"36","author":"Manev","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.09.011","article-title":"Methamphetamine inhibits HIV-1 replication in CD4+ T cells by modulating anti-HIV-1 miRNA expression","volume":"184","author":"Mantri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02707-4","article-title":"Methamphetamine toxicity is attenuated in mice that overexpress human manganese superoxide dismutase","volume":"878","author":"Maragos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6823","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0013-07.2007","article-title":"Dynamic changes in vesicular glutamate transporter 1 function and expression related to methamphetamine-induced glutamate release","volume":"27","author":"Mark","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.08.021","article-title":"Methamphetamine-induced nitric oxide promotes vesicular transport in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells","volume":"65","author":"Martins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7713-8","article-title":"Neurological complications of HIV infection in pre-HAART and HAART era: a retrospective study","volume":"262","author":"Matinella","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"B254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2008.07.006","article-title":"Attenuation of methamphetamine-induced effects through the antagonism of sigma (sigma) receptors: evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies","volume":"18","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"B255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3681","article-title":"Regulation of astrocyte activation by glycolipids drives chronic CNS inflammation","volume":"20","author":"Mayo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70165-4","article-title":"Neurological complications of HIV infection","volume":"4","author":"McArthur","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41832","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041832","article-title":"Silibinin inhibits HIV-1 infection by reducing cellular activation and proliferation","volume":"7","author":"McClure","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-239","article-title":"Programming of neurotoxic cofactor CXCL-10 in HIV-1-associated dementia: abrogation of CXCL-10-induced neuro-glial toxicity in vitro by PKC activator","volume":"9","author":"Mehla","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2006.09.003","article-title":"NF-kappaB functions in the nervous system: from development to disease","volume":"72","author":"M\u00e9met","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B260","first-page":"S90","article-title":"Stages of restricted HIV-1 infection in astrocyte cultures derived from human fetal brain tissue.","volume":"6","author":"Messam","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"B261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.07109.x","article-title":"The emerging role of trace amine-associated receptor 1 in the functional regulation of monoamine transporters and dopaminergic activity","volume":"116","author":"Miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1021\/jm201437t","article-title":"Avenues for the development of therapeutics that target trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1)","volume":"55","author":"Miller","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21112","article-title":"Astrocyte-derived metallothionein protects dopaminergic neurons from dopamine quinone toxicity","volume":"59","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.04623.x","article-title":"Role of matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of MMP in methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization and reward: implications for dopamine receptor down-regulation and dopamine release","volume":"102","author":"Mizoguchi","year":"2007a","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.FM0070139","article-title":"Neuropsychotoxicity of abused drugs: involvement of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization and reward in rodents","volume":"106","author":"Mizoguchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"B266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04288.x","article-title":"Reduction of methamphetamine-induced sensitization and reward in matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9-deficient mice","volume":"100","author":"Mizoguchi","year":"2007b","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.3109\/08923973.2015.1014559","article-title":"Direct immunomodulatory influence of IFN-beta on human astrocytoma cells","volume":"37","author":"Mohsenzadegan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol."},{"key":"B268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1994.2152","article-title":"HIV coating gp 120 glycoprotein-dependent prostaglandin E2 release by human cultured astrocytoma cells is regulated by nitric oxide formation","volume":"203","author":"Mollace","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.3109\/10715762.2014.945443","article-title":"Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during viral infections","volume":"48","author":"Molteni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"B270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6247","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5474-10.2011","article-title":"Astrocytic tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation and enhances CNS myelination","volume":"31","author":"Moore","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh046","article-title":"Why is parkinsonism not a feature of human methamphetamine users?","volume":"127","author":"Moszczynska","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2005.00445.x","article-title":"The interleukin-1 signalling pathway in astrocytes: a key contributor to inflammation in the brain","volume":"207","author":"Moynagh","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"B273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289709029465","article-title":"The role of chronic self-propagating glial responses in neurodegeneration: implications for long-lived survivors of human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"3","author":"Mrak","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"issue":"59","key":"B274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00059","article-title":"Control of the neurovascular coupling by nitric oxide-dependent regulation of astrocytic Ca(2+) signaling","volume":"9","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-3-13","article-title":"Peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst prevents apoptotic cell death in a human astrocytoma cell line incubated with supernatants of HIV-infected macrophages","volume":"3","author":"Muscoli","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"B276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.03.014","article-title":"Prior stimulation of the endocannabinoid system prevents methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in the striatum through activation of CB2 receptors","volume":"87","author":"Nader","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B277","first-page":"81","article-title":"[Molecular mechanism for methamphetamine-induced memory impairment]","volume":"45","author":"Nagai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"B278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-008-9128-0","article-title":"Methamphetamine enhances HIV-1 infectivity in monocyte derived dendritic cells","volume":"4","author":"Nair","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"B279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3109\/00207451003615763","article-title":"Celastrol suppresses morphological and transcriptional responses in microglial cells upon stimulation with double-stranded RNA","volume":"120","author":"Nakamichi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.2174\/156802607780487623","article-title":"PLA2 mediated arachidonate free radicals: PLA2 inhibition and neutralization of free radicals by anti-oxidants\u2013a new role as anti-inflammatory molecule","volume":"7","author":"Nanda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301007","article-title":"Direct evidence of astrocytic modulation in the development of rewarding effects induced by drugs of abuse","volume":"31","author":"Narita","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.01.029","article-title":"Endocannabinoids mediate neuron-astrocyte communication","volume":"57","author":"Navarrete","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.08.043","article-title":"Endocannabinoids potentiate synaptic transmission through stimulation of astrocytes","volume":"68","author":"Navarrete","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20140195","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0195","article-title":"Glial cell regulation of neuronal activity and blood flow in the retina by release of gliotransmitters","volume":"370","author":"Newman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.09.022","article-title":"Sigma receptors as potential therapeutic targets for neuroprotection","volume":"743","author":"Nguyen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B286","first-page":"88","article-title":"Detection of interleukin-19 mRNA in C57BL\/6 mice astroglial cells and brain cortex","volume":"5","author":"Nikfarjam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1369.011","article-title":"Association study of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene and its 1A receptor gene with methamphetamine dependence","volume":"1074","author":"Nomura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-014-0214-3","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms involved in HIV-1 Tat-mediated induction of IL-6 and IL-8 in astrocytes","volume":"11","author":"Nookala","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"69","key":"B289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00069","article-title":"Methamphetamine effects on blood-brain barrier structure and function","volume":"9","author":"Northrop","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3567","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.7.3567","article-title":"A regulatory role for astrocytes in HIV-1 encephalitis. An overexpression of eicosanoids, platelet-activating factor, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by activated HIV-1-infected monocytes is attenuated by primary human astrocytes","volume":"154","author":"Nottet","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1038\/382833a0","article-title":"The CXC chemokine SDF-1 is the ligand for LESTR\/fusin and prevents infection by T-cell-line-adapted HIV-1","volume":"382","author":"Oberlin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.08.251","article-title":"HIV-1-infected macrophages induce astrogliosis by SDF-1alpha and matrix metalloproteinases","volume":"336","author":"Okamoto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.05.002","article-title":"Astroglial type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB): a new player in the tripartite synapse","author":"Oliveira da Cruz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02703676","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 associated neurodegeneration","volume":"30","author":"Ozdener","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biosci."},{"key":"B295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00029.2006","article-title":"Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in health and disease","volume":"87","author":"Pacher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20383","article-title":"Alterations in the oligodendrocyte lineage, myelin, and white matter in adult mice lacking the chemokine receptor CXCR2","volume":"54","author":"Padovani-Claudio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-011-9321-4","article-title":"Trace amine associated receptor 1 signaling in activated lymphocytes","volume":"7","author":"Panas","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"B298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-013-9454-8","article-title":"Regional variations of antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress responses in HIV-1 transgenic rats with and without methamphetamine administration","volume":"8","author":"Pang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"B299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)02766-4","article-title":"Analysis of genes differentially expressed in astrocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide using cDNA arrays","volume":"914","author":"Pang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610212000828","article-title":"The role of glia in late-life depression","volume":"24","author":"Paradise","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"B301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5699","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.11.5699","article-title":"A receptor for the heterodimeric cytokine IL-23 is composed of IL-12Rbeta1 and a novel cytokine receptor subunit, IL-23R","volume":"168","author":"Parham","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-015-0531-7","article-title":"The role of neuroinflammation in dementias","volume":"15","author":"Pasqualetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"B303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-015-9604-2","article-title":"The Complex interaction between methamphetamine abuse and HIV-1 pathogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Passaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"B304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(00)00208-7","article-title":"Trk receptors: mediators of neurotrophin action","volume":"11","author":"Patapoutian","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-015-1007-x","article-title":"Histamine induces the production of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in human astrocytic cultures via H1-receptor subtype","author":"Patel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"B306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1674","article-title":"Sigma receptor agonist 2-(4-morpholinethyl)1 phenylcyclohexanecarboxylate (Pre084) increases GDNF and BiP expression and promotes neuroprotection after root avulsion injury","volume":"28","author":"Penas","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"B307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20409","article-title":"HIV-1-infected and\/or immune activated macrophages regulate astrocyte SDF-1 production through IL-1beta","volume":"54","author":"Peng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-012-2092-8","article-title":"Proteolytic processing of SDF-1alpha by matrix metalloproteinase-2 impairs CXCR4 signaling and reduces neural progenitor cell migration","volume":"3","author":"Peng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"B309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1177\/026988110001400309","article-title":"Methamphetamine and HIV-1: potential interactions and the use of the FIV\/cat model","volume":"14","author":"Phillips","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(96)00068-8","article-title":"Astrocytic neurotransmitter receptors in situ and in vivo","volume":"51","author":"Porter","year":"1997","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903691","article-title":"Methamphetamine causes mitrochondrial oxidative damage in human T lymphocytes leading to functional impairment","volume":"185","author":"Potula","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00469.x","article-title":"The chemokine interleukin-8 acutely reduces Ca(2+) currents in identified cholinergic septal neurons expressing CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptor mRNAs","volume":"78","author":"Puma","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.21006","article-title":"Programmed neuronal cell death induced by HIV-1 tat and methamphetamine","volume":"74","author":"Qi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"B314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-452-0_16","article-title":"ELISA methodology to quantify astrocyte production of cytokines\/chemokines in vitro","volume":"814","author":"Qin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480739","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/480739","article-title":"Cytokines and chemokines at the crossroads of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and neuropathic pain","volume":"2013","author":"Ramesh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"B316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.112","article-title":"Methamphetamine disrupts blood-brain barrier function by induction of oxidative stress in brain endothelial cells","volume":"29","author":"Ramirez","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"B317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.7.6.8472896","article-title":"Astrocyte expression of mRNA encoding cytokines IP-10 and JE\/MCP-1 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"7","author":"Ransohoff","year":"1993","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22676","article-title":"Glial scar and immune cell involvement in tissue remodeling and repair following acute CNS injuries","volume":"62","author":"Raposo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20140077","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0077","article-title":"Cannabinoid receptors contribute to astroglial Ca(2)(+)-signalling and control of synaptic plasticity in the neocortex","volume":"369","author":"Rasooli-Nejad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6073","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.12.6073","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus tat gene transfer to the murine central nervous system using a replication-defective herpes simplex virus vector stimulates transforming growth factor beta 1 gene expression","volume":"93","author":"Rasty","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.06.003","article-title":"The IL-1beta system in epilepsy-associated malformations of cortical development","volume":"24","author":"Ravizza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2012.01.008","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and redox regulation in cellular signaling","volume":"24","author":"Ray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"B323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2015.164","article-title":"The neuropathology and cerebrovascular mechanisms of dementia","author":"Raz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"B324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120310001618621","article-title":"Methamphetamine abuse as a barrier to HIV medication adherence among gay and bisexual men","volume":"15","author":"Reback","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"B325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2011.06.011","article-title":"HIV-1 gp120 induces antioxidant response element-mediated expression in primary astrocytes: role in HIV associated neurocognitive disorder","volume":"61","author":"Reddy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"B326","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.223","article-title":"Chronic administration of the methylxanthine propentofylline impairs reinstatement to cocaine by a GLT-1-dependent mechanism","volume":"39","author":"Reissner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B327","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-010-0017-y","article-title":"MCP-3\/CCL7 production by astrocytes: implications for SIV neuroinvasion and AIDS encephalitis","volume":"17","author":"Renner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"B328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.109","article-title":"Brain-specific overexpression of trace amine-associated receptor 1 alters monoaminergic neurotransmission and decreases sensitivity to amphetamine","volume":"37","author":"Revel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8485","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1103029108","article-title":"TAAR1 activation modulates monoaminergic neurotransmission, preventing hyperdopaminergic and hypoglutamatergic activity","volume":"108","author":"Revel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.57","article-title":"A new perspective for schizophrenia: TAAR1 agonists reveal antipsychotic- and antidepressant-like activity, improve cognition and control body weight","volume":"18","author":"Revel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617704101021","article-title":"Methamphetamine dependence increases risk of neuropsychological impairment in HIV infected persons","volume":"10","author":"Rippeth","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"B332","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2009.11.007","article-title":"Alteration of Methamphetamine-induced stereotypic behaviour in transgenic mice expressing HIV-1 envelope protein gp120","volume":"186","author":"Roberts","year":"2010a","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"B333","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.091006","article-title":"PrPC, the cellular isoform of the human prion protein, is a novel biomarker of HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment and mediates neuroinflammation","volume":"177","author":"Roberts","year":"2010b","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32828e4e27","article-title":"The prevalence and incidence of neurocognitive impairment in the HAART era","volume":"21","author":"Robertson","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"B335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(13)71009-0","article-title":"sigma Receptor antagonist attenuation of methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity is correlated to body temperature modulation","volume":"65","author":"Robson","year":"2013a","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"B336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2013.04.009","article-title":"SN79, a sigma receptor ligand, blocks methamphetamine-induced microglial activation and cytokine upregulation","volume":"247","author":"Robson","year":"2013b","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B337","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.01.020","article-title":"SN79, a sigma receptor antagonist, attenuates methamphetamine-induced astrogliosis through a blockade of OSMR\/gp130 signaling and STAT3 phosphorylation","volume":"254","author":"Robson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B338","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-006-9040-4","article-title":"WIN55,212-2-mediated inhibition of HIV-1 expression in microglial cells: involvement of cannabinoid receptors","volume":"2","author":"Rock","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"B339","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Methamphetamine use Increases Risk of Acquiring HIV, STDs and MRSA"},{"key":"B340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/62.6.617","article-title":"SDF-1alpha is expressed in astrocytes and neurons in the AIDS dementia complex: an in vivo and in vitro study","volume":"62","author":"Rostasy","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B341","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.4067\/S0716-97602005000400011","article-title":"Oligodendrocytes damage in Alzheimer's disease: beta amyloid toxicity and inflammation","volume":"38","author":"Roth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Res."},{"key":"B342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2013.02.005","article-title":"Neurologic manifestations of chronic methamphetamine abuse","volume":"36","author":"Rusyniak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"B343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2003.11.019","article-title":"TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand mediates human neuronal apoptosis: links to HIV-1-associated dementia","volume":"148","author":"Ryan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"B344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2003.tb00009.x","article-title":"Astrocyte activation and apoptosis: their roles in the neuropathology of HIV infection","volume":"13","author":"Sabri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"B345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-006-9020-8","article-title":"Up-regulation of BDNF in astrocytes by TNF-alpha: a case for the neuroprotective role of cytokine","volume":"1","author":"Saha","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"B346","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5693","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002188","article-title":"Contribution of astrocyte-derived IL-15 to CD8 T cell effector functions in multiple sclerosis","volume":"185","author":"Saikali","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"445","key":"B347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00445","article-title":"Impact of methamphetamine on infection and immunity","volume":"8","author":"Salamanca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B348","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0000000000000068","article-title":"Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: impact on endothelial dysfunction","volume":"64","author":"Salisbury","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nurs. Res."},{"key":"B349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1089\/10799900260100114","article-title":"Expression and modulation of IFN-gamma-inducible chemokines (IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC) in human brain endothelium and astrocytes: possible relevance for the immune invasion of the central nervous system and the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis","volume":"22","author":"Salmaggi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"B350","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-011-0026-5","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade B and C gp120 differentially induce neurotoxin arachidonic acid in human astrocytes: implications for neuroAIDS","volume":"17","author":"Samikkannu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"B351","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.12.025","article-title":"Immunoneuropathogenesis of HIV-1 clades B and C: role of redox expression and thiol modification","volume":"69","author":"Samikkannu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11130","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11130","article-title":"HIV Subtypes B and C gp120 and methamphetamine interaction: dopaminergic system implicates differential neuronal toxicity","volume":"5","author":"Samikkannu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20927","article-title":"Differential vesicular distribution and trafficking of MMP-2, MMP-9, and their inhibitors in astrocytes","volume":"58","author":"Sbai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B354","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-014-9457-0","article-title":"Protective effects of cannabidiol against hippocampal cell death and cognitive impairment induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in mice","volume":"26","author":"Schiavon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"B355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006852306789","article-title":"The role of mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal nitric oxide in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"174","author":"Schulz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"B356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2012.07.029","article-title":"Sigma receptor antagonists attenuate acute methamphetamine-induced hyperthermia by a mechanism independent of IL-1beta mRNA expression in the hypothalamus","volume":"691","author":"Seminerio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B357","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e850","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.374","article-title":"HIV gp120- and methamphetamine-mediated oxidative stress induces astrocyte apoptosis via cytochrome P450 2E1","volume":"4","author":"Shah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B358","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e52060","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052060","article-title":"Synergistic cooperation between methamphetamine and HIV-1 gsp120 through the P13K\/Akt pathway induces IL-6 but not IL-8 expression in astrocytes","volume":"7","author":"Shah","year":"2012a","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B359","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-52","article-title":"Involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5, AKT\/PI3K signaling and NF-kappaB pathway in methamphetamine-mediated increase in IL-6 and IL-8 expression in astrocytes","volume":"9","author":"Shah","year":"2012b","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21261","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021261","article-title":"HIV-1 gp120 induces expression of IL-6 through a nuclear factor-kappa B-dependent mechanism: suppression by gp120 specific small interfering RNA","volume":"6","author":"Shah","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B361","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-011-9295-2","article-title":"Methamphetamine and HIV-1 Tat down regulate beta-catenin signaling: implications for methampetamine abuse and HIV-1 co-morbidity","volume":"6","author":"Sharma","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. NeuroImmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"B362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20108","article-title":"Synthetic cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 inhibits generation of inflammatory mediators by IL-1beta-stimulated human astrocytes","volume":"49","author":"Sheng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B363","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.2.248","article-title":"Impact of psychiatric conditions on health-related quality of life in persons with HIV infection","volume":"157","author":"Sherbourne","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B364","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289809114529","article-title":"Neuronal apoptosis induced by HIV-1 Tat protein and TNF-alpha: potentiation of neurotoxicity mediated by oxidative stress and implications for HIV-1 dementia","volume":"4","author":"Shi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"B365","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2014.06.019","article-title":"Ischemic brain extract increases SDF-1 expression in astrocytes through the CXCR2\/miR-223\/miR-27b pathway","volume":"1839","author":"Shin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B366","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.3.1307","article-title":"HIV glycoprotein 120 enhances intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene expression in glial cells. involvement of janus kinase\/signal transducer and activator of transcription and protein kinase C signaling pathways","volume":"156","author":"Shrikant","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B367","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-013-9423-2","article-title":"A single neurotoxic dose of methamphetamine induces a long-lasting depressive-like behaviour in mice","volume":"25","author":"Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"B368","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1432.028","article-title":"Methamphetamine changes NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptor subunit levels in the rat striatum and frontal cortex","volume":"1139","author":"Sim\u00f5es","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B369","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.12.007","article-title":"Dawn of antioxidants and immune modulators to stop HIV-progression and boost the immune system in HIV\/AIDS patients: An updated comprehensive and critical review","volume":"67","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"B370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3182294fad","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in cuprizone-induced demyelination and remyelination of brain white and gray matter","volume":"70","author":"Skuljec","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B371","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.06.069","article-title":"Inhibition of sigma-1 receptor reduces N-methyl-D-aspartate induced neuronal injury in methamphetamine-exposed and -naive hippocampi","volume":"481","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(02)00112-1","article-title":"Amyloid-beta-induced chemokine production in primary human macrophages and astrocytes","volume":"127","author":"Smits","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"B373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200004140-00001","article-title":"HIV-1 envelope protein gp41 modulates expression of interleukin-10 and chemokine receptors on monocytes, astrocytes and neurones","volume":"14","author":"Speth","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"B374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3179","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.7.3179-3188.2002","article-title":"Mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus-induced complement expression in astrocytes and neurons","volume":"76","author":"Speth","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B375","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2604","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.6.2604-2516.2001","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 induces expression of complement factors in human astrocytes","volume":"75","author":"Speth","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1080\/09652140120080723","article-title":"Alcohol use, drug use and alcohol-related problems among men who have sex with men: the urban men's health study","volume":"96","author":"Stall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"B377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9854","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903546106","article-title":"Coupling diverse routes of calcium entry to mitochondrial dysfunction and glutamate excitotoxicity","volume":"106","author":"Stanika","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.11.032","article-title":"The powerhouse takes control of the cell: is the mitochondrial permeability transition a viable therapeutic target against neuronal dysfunction and death?","volume":"38","author":"Stavrovskaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-001-0491-7","article-title":"Chemokines are differentially expressed by astrocytes, microglia and inflammatory leukocytes in toxoplasma encephalitis and critically regulated by interferon-gamma","volume":"103","author":"Strack","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"B380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.05.015","article-title":"Breaking down the barrier: the effects of HIV-1 on the blood-brain barrier","volume":"1399","author":"Strazza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1177\/019262330002800104","article-title":"Microglial response to brain injury: a brief synopsis","volume":"28","author":"Streit","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"B382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004720","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004720","article-title":"Compartmentalized replication of R5 T cell-tropic HIV-1 in the central nervous system early in the course of infection","volume":"11","author":"Sturdevant","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B383","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0136555100","article-title":"Insights into glutamate transport regulation in human astrocytes: cloning of the promoter for excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2)","volume":"100","author":"Su","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B384","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.04.004","article-title":"Changes in antioxidant profile among HIV-infected individuals on generic highly active antiretroviral therapy in southern India","volume":"12","author":"Sundaram","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B385","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10266","article-title":"Regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 by astrocytes: Links to HIV-1 dementia","volume":"44","author":"Suryadevara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13443-2_8","article-title":"Propentofylline: glial modulation, neuroprotection, and alleviation of chronic pain","volume":"200","author":"Sweitzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Handb. Exp. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-015-1937-8","article-title":"Glutamate transporter EAAT2: regulation, function, and potential as a therapeutic target for neurological and psychiatric disease","volume":"72","author":"Takahashi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"B388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-386","article-title":"Cytokine secretion from brain macrophages infected with human immunodeficiency virus in vitro and treated with raltegravir","volume":"14","author":"Tatro","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B389","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162X12666140526114956","article-title":"Brain inflammation is a common feature of HIV-infected patients without HIV encephalitis or productive brain infection","volume":"12","author":"Tavazzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. HIV Res."},{"key":"B390","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20365","article-title":"Induction of astrocyte differentiation by propentofylline increases glutamate transporter expression in vitro: heterogeneity of the quiescent phenotype","volume":"54","author":"Tawfik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4644(19971215)67:4<466::AID-JCB5>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Identification of a cellular protein that binds to Tat-responsive element of TGF beta-1 promoter in glial cells","volume":"67","author":"Thatikunta","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"B392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.01.009","article-title":"Involvement of cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus-1 protein Tat and methamphetamine interactions in the striatum","volume":"199","author":"Theodore","year":"2006a","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B393","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1369.018","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus-1 protein tat and methamphetamine interactions","volume":"1074","author":"Theodore","year":"2006b","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B394","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.03.015","article-title":"Is brain gliosis a characteristic of chronic methamphetamine use in the human?","volume":"67","author":"Tong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00262-1","article-title":"Role of nitric oxide in HIV-1 infection: friend or foe?","volume":"2","author":"Torre","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.12.001","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein potentiates interleukin-1beta-induced CXCL10 expression in human A172 astrocytoma cells","volume":"507","author":"Tousi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B397","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280390201029","article-title":"Adenovirus-mediated expression of CXCL10 in the central nervous system results in T-cell recruitment and limited neuropathology","volume":"9","author":"Trifilo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"B398","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-398314-5.00004-0","article-title":"Inflammation in Parkinson's disease","volume":"88","author":"Tufekci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Protein Chem. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"B399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145713000850","article-title":"The JNK inhibitor, SP600125, potentiates the glial response and cell death induced by methamphetamine in the mouse striatum","volume":"17","author":"Urrutia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"B400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-013-9444-x","article-title":"Oxidative stress and the HIV-infected brain proteome","volume":"8","author":"Uzasci","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"B401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2004.05.009","article-title":"HIV-associated dementia, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress","volume":"4","author":"Valcour","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"B402","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01877210","article-title":"Cytokines and the immune response","volume":"8","author":"Van der Meide","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biotherapy"},{"key":"B403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2004.08.024","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef protein mediates neural cell death: a neurotoxic role for IP-10","volume":"329","author":"van Marle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19599","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.567644","article-title":"Astrocyte elevated gene-1 is a novel modulator of HIV-1-associated neuroinflammation via regulation of nuclear factor-kappaB signaling and excitatory amino acid transporter-2 repression","volume":"289","author":"Vartak-Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.04.005","article-title":"Endocannabinoids regulate the activity of astrocytic hemichannels and the microglial response against an injury: in vivo studies","volume":"79","author":"Vazquez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-014-0258-2","article-title":"Glutamate metabolism and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders","volume":"20","author":"V\u00e1zquez-Santiago","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"B407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19182","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0604678103","article-title":"Proteolytic processing of SDF-1alpha reveals a change in receptor specificity mediating HIV-associated neurodegeneration","volume":"103","author":"Vergote","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B408","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118402061","volume-title":"Glial Physiology and Pathophysiology.","author":"Verkhratski\u01d0","year":"2013"},{"key":"B409","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8406","article-title":"Glia increase degeneration of hippocampal neurons through release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha","volume":"150","author":"Viviani","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12856","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012856","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus core protein induces neuroimmune activation and potentiates human immunodeficiency virus-1 neurotoxicity","volume":"5","author":"Vivithanaporn","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B411","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11511","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1514-09.2009","article-title":"Reactive astrocytes form scar-like perivascular barriers to leukocytes during adaptive immune inflammation of the CNS","volume":"29","author":"Voskuhl","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B412","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.173.4.981","article-title":"Macrophage- and astrocyte-derived transforming growth factor beta as a mediator of central nervous system dysfunction in acquired immune deficiency syndrome","volume":"173","author":"Wahl","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.2174\/157016212802138797","article-title":"Modulation of intracellular restriction factors contributes to methamphetamine-mediated enhancement of acquired immune deficiency syndrome virus infection of macrophages","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. HIV Res."},{"key":"B414","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6822(03)00181-8","article-title":"Reduced expression of glutamate transporter EAAT2 and impaired glutamate transport in human primary astrocytes exposed to HIV-1 or gp120","volume":"312","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B415","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/753312749","article-title":"Effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 on astrocyte gene expression and function: potential role in neuropathogenesis.","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"B416","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03599.x","article-title":"Interleukin-1 beta-induced expression of the prostaglandin E-receptor subtype EP3 in U373 astrocytoma cells depends on protein kinase C and nuclear factor-kappaB","volume":"96","author":"Waschbisch","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B417","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.4140\/TCP.n.2013.443","article-title":"A paradigm shift for evaluating pharmacotherapy for Alzheimer's disease: the 10-patient screening protocol","volume":"28","author":"Weinstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Consult. pharm."},{"key":"B418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.02.029","article-title":"Albumin induces excitatory synaptogenesis through astrocytic TGF-beta\/ALK5 signaling in a model of acquired epilepsy following blood-brain barrier dysfunction","volume":"78","author":"Weissberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-61","article-title":"A dual role for microglia in promoting tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) expression in glial cells in response to neuroinflammatory stimuli","volume":"8","author":"Welser-Alves","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B420","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.6358","article-title":"Cannabinoids for medical use: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"313","author":"Whiting","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B421","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-012-0103-4","article-title":"Methamphetamine activates nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB) and induces human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transcription in human microglial cells","volume":"18","author":"Wires","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"B422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8129","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008129","article-title":"Coordinated regulation of SIV replication and immune responses in the CNS","volume":"4","author":"Witwer","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B423","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2006.00292.x","article-title":"The Trace Amine 1 receptor knockout mouse: an animal model with relevance to schizophrenia","volume":"6","author":"Wolinsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav."},{"key":"B424","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.54","article-title":"Differential effects of Tat proteins derived from HIV-1 subtypes B and recombinant CRF02_AG on human brain microvascular endothelial cells: implications for blood-brain barrier dysfunction","volume":"34","author":"Woollard","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"B425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2004.07.011","article-title":"Cannabis use in HIV for pain and other medical symptoms","volume":"29","author":"Woolridge","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"B426","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-07-02609.2000","article-title":"Elevated levels of the chemokine GRO-1 correlate with elevated oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation in the jimpy mutant","volume":"20","author":"Wu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B427","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141142","article-title":"IL-13 effector functions","volume":"21","author":"Wynn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B428","first-page":"53","article-title":"Increased central nervous system production of extracellular matrix components and development of hydrocephalus in transgenic mice overexpressing transforming growth factor-beta 1","volume":"147","author":"Wyss-Coray","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B429","first-page":"1267","article-title":"Interleukin-8 receptor B immunoreactivity in brain and neuritic plaques of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"150","author":"Xia","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B430","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31819715df","article-title":"Reduced expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 and diffuse microglial activation in the cerebral cortex in AIDS cases with or without HIV encephalitis","volume":"68","author":"Xing","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B431","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2015.07.023","article-title":"Fluorescently-labeled RNA packaging into HIV-1 particles: direct examination of infectivity across central nervous system cell types","volume":"224","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"B432","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-8838-y","article-title":"IL-1beta Induces MMP-9-dependent brain astrocytic migration via transactivation of PDGF receptor\/NADPH oxidase 2-derived reactive oxygen species signals","volume":"52","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B433","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)01699-8","article-title":"Synergistic stimulation, by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma, of fractalkine expression in human astrocytes","volume":"303","author":"Yoshida","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2014.07.010","article-title":"Celastrol ameliorates HIV-1 Tat-induced inflammatory responses via NF-kappaB and AP-1 inhibition and heme oxygenase-1 induction in astrocytes","volume":"280","author":"Youn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B435","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3457","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21345","article-title":"Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor protects astrocytes from staurosporine- and ischemia- induced apoptosis","volume":"85","author":"Yu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B436","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3876","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103024","article-title":"Canonical type I IFN signaling in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macrophages is disrupted by astrocyte-secreted CCL2","volume":"188","author":"Zaritsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200002070-00037","article-title":"TNF-alpha induced over-expression of GFAP is associated with MAPKs","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"B438","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.07.040","article-title":"Methamphetamine modulates glutamatergic synaptic transmission in rat primary cultured hippocampal neurons","volume":"1582","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0250-7","article-title":"Involvement of sigma-1 receptor in astrocyte activation induced by methamphetamine via up-regulation of its own expression","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2007.00893.x","article-title":"Early attenuation of lesional interleukin-16 up-regulation by dexamethasone and FTY720 in experimental traumatic brain injury","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4415","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003307","article-title":"IL-9 promotes Th17 cell migration into the central nervous system via CC chemokine ligand-20 produced by astrocytes","volume":"186","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B442","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.110.165654","article-title":"Celastrol acts as a potent antimetastatic agent targeting beta1 integrin and inhibiting cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, in part via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway","volume":"334","author":"Zhu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"B443","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21038","article-title":"Involvement of p300 in constitutive and HIV-1 Tat-activated expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocytes","volume":"58","author":"Zou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Glia"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T04:55:29Z","timestamp":1748667329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/Article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01143\/abstract"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,27]]},"references-count":443,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01143","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,27]]}}}