{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:57:41Z","timestamp":1791946661210,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,17]],"date-time":"2015-12-17T02:16:26Z","timestamp":1450318586000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":239,"title":["Clinical Appearance of Oral Candida Infection and Therapeutic Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Shankargouda","family":"Patil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roopa S.","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barnali","family":"Majumdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukumaran","family":"Anil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.78.922.455","article-title":"Oral candidiasis.","volume":"78","author":"Akpan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med. J."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.1997.tb00371.x","article-title":"Oral lesions of HIV and AIDS in Asia: an overview.","volume":"3(Suppl. 1)","author":"Anil","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(80)90147-8","article-title":"The prevalence and intra-oral distribution of Candida albicans in man.","volume":"25","author":"Arendorf","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1987.tb00713.x","article-title":"Denture stomatitis: a review.","volume":"14","author":"Arendorf","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-25445-5_4","article-title":"Oral candidiasis: clinical manifestations and cellular adaptive host responses","author":"Ashman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fungal Immunology"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/02770900902777783","article-title":"Esophageal candidiasis\u2013an adverse effect of inhaled corticosteroids therapy.","volume":"46","author":"Aun","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Asthma"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(97)90049-4","article-title":"A proposal for reclassification of oral candidosis.","volume":"84","author":"Axell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03350337","article-title":"Cushing\u2019s syndrome complicated by multiple opportunistic infections.","volume":"21","author":"Bakker","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.1595","article-title":"A history of research on yeasts 12: medical yeasts part 1, Candida albicans.","volume":"25","author":"Barnett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Yeast"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23152","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy and safety of miconazole 50-mg mucoadhesive buccal tablets with miconazole 500-mg gel in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis: a prospective, randomized, single-blind, multicenter, comparative, phase III trial in patients treated with radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.","volume":"112","author":"Bensadoun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(84)90257-3","article-title":"Oral Candida in children.","volume":"57","author":"Berdicevsky","year":"1984","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/010405-0","article-title":"Candida albicans drug resistance another way to cope with stress.","volume":"153","author":"Cannon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1562902","article-title":"Posaconazole: use in the prophylaxis and treatment of fungal infections.","volume":"36","author":"Clark","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.10.2408-2410.1996","article-title":"Evaluation of the Microbial Identification System for identification of clinically isolated yeasts.","volume":"34","author":"Crist","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199111000-00009","article-title":"Oral candidiasis in HIV infection: pseudomembranous and erythematous candidiasis show similar rates of progression to AIDS.","volume":"5","author":"Dodd","year":"1991","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"B16","first-page":"65","article-title":"Laboratory diagnosis of invasive candidiasis.","volume":"43","author":"Ellepola","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Microbiol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2010.01198.x","article-title":"Oral fungal infections: an update for the general practitioner.","volume":"55(Suppl. 1)","author":"Farah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2012.04.003","article-title":"The antifungal properties of chlorhexidine digluconate and cetylpyrinidinium chloride on oral Candida.","volume":"40","author":"Fathilah","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.4.501","article-title":"Antifungal agents: mode of action, mechanisms of resistance, and correlation of these mechanisms with bacterial resistance.","volume":"12","author":"Ghannoum","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-101-3-334","article-title":"Opportunistic infections in endogenous Cushing\u2019s syndrome.","volume":"101","author":"Graham","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4028(200206)42:3207::AID-JOBM2073.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Candida dubliniensis, a new fungal pathogen.","volume":"42","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Basic Microbiol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh243","article-title":"Antifungal effects of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil and its components on Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.","volume":"53","author":"Hammer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1590\/S1519-69842010000500022","article-title":"Antimicrobial potential of some plant extracts against Candida species.","volume":"70","author":"Hofling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Braz. J. Biol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(83)90349-3","article-title":"Clinical, therapeutic, and pathogenic aspects of chronic oral multifocal candidiasis.","volume":"56","author":"Holmstrup","year":"1983","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.3.1878","article-title":"Enhancement of formation of the esophageal carcinogen benzylmethylnitrosamine from its precursors by Candida albicans.","volume":"78","author":"Hsia","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2006.10.024","article-title":"Candida in oral lichen planus patients undergoing topical steroid therapy.","volume":"104","author":"Jainkittivong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9785(77)80010-0","article-title":"Nutritional deficiency in oral candidosis.","volume":"6","author":"Jenkins","year":"1977","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Surg."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(00)00137-1","article-title":"Tongue pathology.","volume":"18","author":"Joseph","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/10496470802598818","article-title":"Bioactivity of origanum syriacum essential oil against Candida albicans.","volume":"14","author":"Kassaify","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Herbs Spices Med. Plants"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/8.10.1543","article-title":"Possible mycological etiology of oral mucosal cancer: catalytic potential of infecting Candida albicans and other yeasts in production of N-nitrosobenzylmethylamine.","volume":"8","author":"Krogh","year":"1987","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"B31","first-page":"123","article-title":"Rhomboid glossitis in atypical location: case report and differential diagnosis.","volume":"10","author":"Lago-Mendez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/19424396.2013.12222301","article-title":"Oral candidiasis: pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment strategies.","volume":"41","author":"Lalla","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Calif. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2009.01697.x","article-title":"Occurrence, isolation and differentiation of Candida spp. and prevalence of variables associated to chronic atrophic candidiasis.","volume":"53","author":"Lund","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-014-9749-1","article-title":"Candidiasis: predisposing factors, prevention, diagnosis and alternative treatment.","volume":"177","author":"Martins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2013.07.015","article-title":"Risk factors for denture-related oral mucosal lesions in a geriatric population.","volume":"111","author":"Martori","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.009183-0","article-title":"Rapid electrochemical identification of pathogenic Candida species.","volume":"58","author":"Muir","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2015.04.014","article-title":"Association between tobacco waterpipe smoking and head and neck conditions: a systematic review.","volume":"146","author":"Munshi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2014.07.004","article-title":"Virulence of oral Candida isolated from HIV-positive women with oral candidiasis and asymptomatic carriers.","volume":"118","author":"Owotade","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20041264","article-title":"Oral candidiasis and nutritional deficiencies in elderly hospitalised patients.","volume":"92","author":"Paillaud","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1086\/596757","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America.","volume":"48","author":"Pappas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1086\/380796","article-title":"Guidelines for treatment of candidiasis.","volume":"38","author":"Pappas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B42","first-page":"27","article-title":"Angular cheilitis, part 2: nutritional, systemic, and drug-related causes and treatment.","volume":"88","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"B43","first-page":"63","article-title":"Effect of dietary carbohydrates on the in vitro epithelial adhesion of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei.","volume":"23","author":"Pizzo","year":"2000","journal-title":"New Microbiol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2011.585606","article-title":"Oral candidosis\u2013clinical challenges of a biofilm disease.","volume":"37","author":"Rautemaa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540802275853","article-title":"Reduction of fluconazole susceptibility of Candida albicans in APECED patients due to long-term use of ketoconazole and miconazole.","volume":"40","author":"Rautemaa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i5","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki218","article-title":"Changing patterns and trends in systemic fungal infections.","volume":"56(Suppl. 1)","author":"Richardson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B47","first-page":"635","article-title":"Oral candidiasis: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment.","volume":"9","author":"Rossie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pract. Periodontics Aesthet. Dent."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.08.014","article-title":"Chlorhexidine is a highly effective topical broad-spectrum agent against Candida spp.","volume":"41","author":"Salim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.1995.tb00177.x","article-title":"Oral disease in the elderly in long-term hospital care.","volume":"1","author":"Samaranayake","year":"1995","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12161","article-title":"Estimating the frequency of Candida in oral squamous cell carcinoma using Calcofluor White fluorescent stain.","author":"Sanketh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Investig. Clin. Dent."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.12.042","article-title":"Salivary glucose levels and oral candidal carriage in type II diabetics.","volume":"109","author":"Sashikumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod."},{"issue":"e4","key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/idr.2010.e4","article-title":"Invasive fungal infections in endogenous Cushing\u2019s syndrome.","volume":"2","author":"Scheffel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Rep."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411940050020101","article-title":"Candida and oral candidosis: a review.","volume":"5","author":"Scully","year":"1994","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2010.01320.x","article-title":"Oral candidiasis and angular cheilitis.","volume":"23","author":"Sharon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"B55","first-page":"521","article-title":"Oral candidosis.","volume":"33","author":"Sherman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Quintessence Int."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq354","article-title":"Persistent Candida albicans colonization and molecular mechanisms of azole resistance in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) patients.","volume":"65","author":"Siikala","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1159\/000216836","article-title":"Antifungal activity of black tea polyphenols (catechins and theaflavins) against Candida species.","volume":"55","author":"Sitheeque","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chemotherapy"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130301400403","article-title":"Chronic hyperplastic candidosis\/candidiasis (candidal leukoplakia).","volume":"14","author":"Sitheeque","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-64402011000400009","article-title":"Frequency of oral mucositis and microbiological analysis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate.","volume":"22","author":"Soares","year":"2011","journal-title":"Braz. Dent. J."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2005.01115.x","article-title":"The impact of cigarette\/tobacco smoking on oral candidosis: an overview.","volume":"11","author":"Soysa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2006.01357.x","article-title":"Antimicrobials as a contributory factor in oral candidosis\u2013a brief overview.","volume":"14","author":"Soysa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12355","article-title":"Prevalence of oral Candida in the first year of life.","volume":"58","author":"Stecksen-Blicks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.11.026","article-title":"Oropharyngeal candidiasis in the era of antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"109","author":"Thompson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1590\/S1679-45082013000100013","article-title":"Invasive candidiasis and oral manifestations in premature newborns.","volume":"11","author":"Tinoco-Araujo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Einstein (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15S","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2007.0358","article-title":"Dry mouth and its effects on the oral health of elderly people.","volume":"138(Suppl.)","author":"Turner","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-7757201302135","article-title":"In vitro antimicrobial activity of auxiliary chemical substances and natural extracts on Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis in root canals.","volume":"21","author":"Valera","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Oral Sci."},{"issue":"713687","key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/713687","article-title":"Antifungal resistance and new strategies to control fungal infections.","volume":"2012","author":"Vandeputte","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200363100-00004","article-title":"Invasive oesophageal candidiasis: current and developing treatment options.","volume":"63","author":"Vazquez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200825020-00004","article-title":"Oesophageal candidiasis in elderly patients: risk factors, prevention and management.","volume":"25","author":"Weerasuriya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"issue":"5771","key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v3i0.5771","article-title":"Pathogenesis and treatment of oral candidosis.","volume":"3","author":"Williams","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.4103\/1119-3077.86782","article-title":"Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions from birth to two years.","volume":"14","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Niger. J. Clin. Pract."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T01:36:01Z","timestamp":1692149761000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/Article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01391\/abstract"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,17]]},"references-count":71,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01391","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,17]]}}}