{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T06:19:26Z","timestamp":1788848366549,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["05\/54855-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05\/54855-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["05\/56592-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05\/56592-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\/18432-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/18432-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["115948\/2007-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115948\/2007-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]],"date-time":"2017-06-06T03:53:41Z","timestamp":1496721221000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Antifungal Activity against Filamentous Fungi of Ts1, a Multifunctional Toxin from Tityus serrulatus Scorpion Venom"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Welligton M.","family":"Santussi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla C. F.","family":"Bordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana P. N.","family":"Rodrigues Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila T.","family":"Cologna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suraia","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliane C.","family":"Arantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-008-8035-0","article-title":"The mode of antifungal action of plant, insect and human defensins.","volume":"65","author":"Aerts","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.3390\/ph7050502","article-title":"Enhanced antimicrobial activity of AamAP1-Lysine, a novel synthetic peptide analog derived from the scorpion venom peptide AamAP1.","volume":"7","author":"Almaaytah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(89)90102-5","article-title":"A simplified procedure for the fractionation of Tityus serrulatus venom \u2013 isolation and partial characterization of TsTX-IV, a new neurotoxin.","volume":"27","author":"Arantes","year":"1989","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00324","article-title":"Juruin: an antifungal peptide from the venom of the Amazonian Pink Toe spider, Avicularia juruensis, which contains the inhibitory cystine knot motif.","volume":"3","author":"Ayroza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5525","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.12.5525-5529.2003","article-title":"Epidemiology of Aspergillus terreus at a university hospital.","volume":"41","author":"Baddley","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins6020693","article-title":"Tetrodotoxin: chemistry, toxicity, source, distribution and detection.","volume":"6","author":"Bane","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(96)00198-5","article-title":"Toxins and genes isolated from scorpions of the genus Tityus.","volume":"35","author":"Becerril","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-6404-0_7","article-title":"\u201cScorpion venom research around the world: Tityus serrulatus\u201d,\u201d in","author":"Bordon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scorpion Venoms"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.2174\/138945005774912717","article-title":"Systemic fungal infections caused by Aspergillus species: epidemiology, infection process and virulence determinants.","volume":"6","author":"Brakhage","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.108.4.1353","article-title":"Plant defensins: novel antimicrobial peptides as components of the host defense system.","volume":"108","author":"Broekaert","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04174.x","article-title":"An automated quantitative assay for fungal growth-inhibition.","volume":"69","author":"Broekaert","year":"1990","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(99)00015-4","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides in insects; structure and function.","volume":"23","author":"Bulet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.0124.x","article-title":"Anti-microbial peptides: from invertebrates to vertebrates.","volume":"198","author":"Bulet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patol.2016.01.007","article-title":"Prevalence of invasive fungal infections detected at necropsy in a medium-sized hospital: a 15-year review of autopsy findings.","volume":"49","author":"Cabezas-Quintario","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Patol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)36505-6","article-title":"Insect defensin, an inducible antibacterial peptide, forms voltage-dependent channels in Micrococcus luteus.","volume":"268","author":"Cociancich","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23558","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.023358","article-title":"Drosomycin, an innate immunity peptide of Drosophila melanogaster, interacts with the fly voltage-gated sodium channel.","volume":"284","author":"Cohen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.2174\/092986609788923329","article-title":"Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom and toxins: an overview.","volume":"16","author":"Cologna","year":"2009","journal-title":"Protein Pept. Lett."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)01384-3","article-title":"Scorpine, an anti-malaria and anti-bacterial agent purified from scorpion venom.","volume":"471","author":"Conde","year":"2000","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3590035","article-title":"Characterization of unique amphipathic antimicrobial peptides from venom of the scorpion Pandinus imperator.","volume":"359","author":"Corzo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"B20","first-page":"82","article-title":"PyMOL: an open-source molecular graphics tool.","volume":"40","author":"DeLano","year":"2002","journal-title":"CCP4 Newsl. Protein Crystallogr."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.2.1171","article-title":"Mutational analysis of a plant defensin from radish (Raphanus sativus L) reveals two adjacent sites important for antifungal activity.","volume":"272","author":"DeSamblanx","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.06.014","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of six novel peptides from Tityus discrepans scorpion venom. A fluorescent probe study of microbial membrane Na+ permeability changes.","volume":"54","author":"Diaz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-007-7370-x","article-title":"Cytolytic and K+ channel blocking activities of beta-KTx and scorpine-like peptides purified from scorpion venoms.","volume":"65","author":"Diego-Garcia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.9859","article-title":"Cationicity-enhanced analogues of the antimicrobial peptides, AcrAP1 and AcrAP2, from the venom of the scorpion, Androctonus crassicauda, display potent growth modulation effects on human cancer cell lines.","volume":"10","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7020219","article-title":"AaeAP1 and AaeAP2: novel antimicrobial peptides from the venom of the scorpion, Androctonus aeneas: structural characterisation, molecular cloning of biosynthetic precursor-encoding cDNAs and engineering of analogues with enhanced antimicrobial and anticancer activities.","volume":"7","author":"Du","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.453.0475","article-title":"Evaluating protein structure-prediction schemes using energy landscape theory.","volume":"45","author":"Eastwood","year":"2001","journal-title":"IBM J. Res. Dev."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2005.10.003","article-title":"The influence of culture conditions on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites by Penicillium verrucosum Dierck.","volume":"161","author":"Elias","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(20)30111-3","article-title":"Insect immunity \u2013 septic injury of Drosophila induces the synthesis of a potent antifungal peptide with sequence homology to plant antifungal peptides.","volume":"269","author":"Fehlbaum","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pep.2012.12.004","article-title":"Expression and characterization of a novel scorpine-like peptide Ev37, from the scorpion Euscorpiops validus.","volume":"88","author":"Feng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Protein Expr. Purif."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1078\/0944-5013-00148","article-title":"Active substances against trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi and microorganisms are produced in sequence by Talaromyces flavus.","volume":"2002","author":"Freitas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.2008.00810.x","article-title":"Differential potency of drosomycin to Neurospora crassa and its mutant: implications for evolutionary relationship between defensins from insects and plants.","volume":"17","author":"Gao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Insect Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2014.00015","article-title":"Ancient association between cation leak channels and Midi proteins is conserved in fungi and animals.","volume":"7","author":"Ghezzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00062","article-title":"Current ecological understanding of fungal-like pathogens of fish: What lies beneath?","volume":"5","author":"Gozlan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01844","article-title":"Activity of scorpion venom-derived antifungal peptides against planktonic cells of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans biofilms.","volume":"7","author":"Guilhelmelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.06.006","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides from scorpion venoms.","volume":"88","author":"Harrison","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2016.03.014","article-title":"Characterisation of three alpha-helical antimicrobial peptides from the venom of Scorpio maurus palmatus.","volume":"117","author":"Harrison","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbr.2012.07.002","article-title":"Antifungal proteins: More than antimicrobials?","volume":"26","author":"Hegedus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fungal Biol. Rev."},{"key":"B38","first-page":"137","article-title":"\u201cImmune hemolysis and complement fixation,\u201d in","author":"Hoffmann","year":"1977","journal-title":"Methods in Immunology and Immunochemistry"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0263-7855(96)00018-5","article-title":"VMD: visual molecular dynamics.","volume":"14","author":"Humphrey","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Mol. Graph."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00056-05","article-title":"Peptide antimicrobial agents.","volume":"19","author":"Jenssen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6327","DOI":"10.1021\/jf200486t","article-title":"Scorpion toxins modify phytopathogenic fungus physiology. A possible source of new fungicides.","volume":"59","author":"Joya","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3232","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201100087","article-title":"Proteomics of eukaryotic microorganisms: the medically and biotechnologically important fungal genus Aspergillus.","volume":"11","author":"Kniemeyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.02.009","article-title":"Biochemistry, toxicology and ecology of the venom of the spider Cupiennius salei (Ctenidae).","volume":"43","author":"Kuhn-Nentwig","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560060908","article-title":"Solution structure of drosomycin, the first inducible antifungal protein from insects.","volume":"6","author":"Landon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113527","article-title":"Modulation of the in vitro candidacidal activity of human neutrophil defensins by target cell metabolism and divalent cations.","volume":"81","author":"Lehrer","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1197","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of venom peptides.","volume":"2","author":"Lewis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3613","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mss182","article-title":"Phylogeny unites animal sodium leak channels with fungal calcium channels in an ancient, voltage-insensitive clade.","volume":"29","author":"Liebeskind","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1880039","article-title":"Lysis of erythrocytes from stored human blood by phospholipase C (Bacillus cereus).","volume":"1980","author":"Little","year":"1980","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2010.11.017","article-title":"A portable device for the electrical extraction of scorpion venom.","volume":"57","author":"Lowe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-0229(01)00390-8","article-title":"A novel application for Neurospora crassa: progress from batch culture to a membrane bioreactor for the bioremediation of phenols.","volume":"29","author":"Luke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Enzyme Microb. Technol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.11.017","article-title":"Characterization of the venom from the Australian scorpion Urodacus yaschenkoi: molecular mass analysis of components, cDNA sequences and peptides with antimicrobial activity.","volume":"63","author":"Luna-Ramirez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9010022","article-title":"Bioactivity of natural and engineered antimicrobial peptides from venom of the scorpions Urodacus yaschenkoi and U. manicatus.","volume":"9","author":"Luna-Ramirez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(96)00992-1","article-title":"Determination of the disulfide array of the first inducible antifungal peptide from insects: drosomycin from Drosophila melanogaster.","volume":"395","author":"Michaut","year":"1996","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-007-6475-6","article-title":"Cationic host defence peptides: innate immune regulatory peptides as a novel approach for treating infections.","volume":"64","author":"Mookherjee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.47.5.965","article-title":"Tetrodotoxin blockage of sodium conductance increase in lobster giant axons.","volume":"47","author":"Narahashi","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.11.233","article-title":"Scorpion venom components as potential candidates for drug development.","volume":"93","author":"Ortiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)00666-W","article-title":"Isolation and characterisation of plant defensins from seeds of Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Hippocastanaceae and Saxifragaceae.","volume":"368","author":"Osborn","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2016.11.040","article-title":"Novel designed VmCT1 analogs with increased antimicrobial activity.","volume":"126","author":"Pedron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.03.027","article-title":"A gamut of undiscovered electrophysiological effects produced by Tityus serrulatus toxin 1 on NaV-type isoforms.","volume":"95","author":"Peigneur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4025","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2012.08808.x","article-title":"Subtype specificity interaction of bactridines with mammalian, insect and bacterial sodium channels under voltage clamp conditions.","volume":"279","author":"Peigneur","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.06.001","article-title":"Toxin gamma from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom plays an essential role in immunomodulation of macrophages.","volume":"50","author":"Petricevich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.701","article-title":"Small peptides, big world: biotechnological potential in neglected bioactive peptides from arthropod venoms.","volume":"11","author":"Pimenta","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pept. Sci."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1107\/S090744490202111X","article-title":"Structural analysis of Tityus serrulatus Ts1 neurotoxin at atomic resolution: insights into interactions with Na+ channels.","volume":"59","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D Biol. Crystallogr."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.2868","article-title":"Crystal structure of neurotoxin Ts1 from Tityus serrulatus provides insights into the specificity and toxicity of scorpion toxins.","volume":"290","author":"Polikarpov","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/s0065-2660(08)60408-3","article-title":"The genetics of Aspergillus nidulans.","volume":"5","author":"Pontecorvo","year":"1953","journal-title":"Adv. Genet."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(77)90053-4","article-title":"Purification and properties of mammalian toxins from the venom of brazilian scorpion Tityus serrulatus Lutz and Mello.","volume":"180","author":"Possani","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042404","article-title":"Identification and analysis of cation channel homologues in human pathogenic fungi.","volume":"7","author":"Prole","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.08.064","article-title":"Influence of post-starvation extraction time and prey-specific diet in Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom composition and hyaluronidase activity.","volume":"90","author":"Pucca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/195281a0","article-title":"Disk electrophoresis of basic proteins and peptides on polyacrylamide gels.","volume":"195","author":"Reisfeld","year":"1962","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.10.027","article-title":"Parabutoporin, a cationic amphipathic peptide from scorpion venom: much more than an antibiotic.","volume":"55","author":"Remijsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-7-382","article-title":"MultiSeq: unifying sequence and structure data for evolutionary analysis.","volume":"7","author":"Roberts","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-5975(91)90028-C","article-title":"Involvement of Ca2+ in the regulation of hyphal extension and branching in Fusarium graminearum A 3\/5.","volume":"15","author":"Robson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Exp. Mycol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.03.022","article-title":"Current views on scorpion toxins specific for K+-channels.","volume":"43","author":"Rodr\u00edguez de la Vega","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2005.09.006","article-title":"Overview of scorpion toxins specific for Na+ channels and related peptides: biodiversity, structure-function relationships and evolution.","volume":"46","author":"Rodr\u00edguez de la Vega","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.03.029","article-title":"Mass spectrometry analysis, amino acid sequence and biological activity of venom components from the Brazilian scorpion Opisthacanthus cayaporum.","volume":"51","author":"Schwartz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(74)90034-7","article-title":"Measurement of protein by spectrophotometry at 205 nm.","volume":"59","author":"Scopes","year":"1974","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055088","article-title":"NALCN ion channels have alternative selectivity filters resembling calcium channels or sodium channels.","volume":"8","author":"Senatore","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00728","article-title":"Editorial: antifungal drug discovery: new theories and new therapies.","volume":"7","author":"Seneviratne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2011.75","article-title":"Fast, scalable generation of high-quality protein multiple sequence alignments using Clustal Omega.","volume":"7","author":"Sievers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Syst. Biol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540250013006","article-title":"Investigators seeking new ways to stem rising tide of resistant fungi.","volume":"277","author":"Stephenson","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)49534-3","article-title":"Analysis of two novel classes of plant antifungal proteins from radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seeds.","volume":"267","author":"Terras","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2011.02044.x","article-title":"Invasive fungal infections in the intensive care unit: a multicentre, prospective, observational study in Italy (2006-2008).","volume":"55","author":"Tortorano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(99)01398-X","article-title":"A unified nomenclature for short-chain peptides isolated from scorpion venoms: alpha-KTx molecular subfamilies.","volume":"20","author":"Tytgat","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.09.003","article-title":"Purification and characterization of Heteroscorpine-1 (HS-1) toxin from Heterometrus laoticus scorpion venom.","volume":"49","author":"Uawonggul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.05.012","article-title":"Effects of voltage-gated Na+ channel toxins from Tityus serrulatus venom on rat arterial blood pressure and plasma catecholamines.","volume":"141","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1754","article-title":"International study of the prevalence and outcomes of infection in intensive care units.","volume":"302","author":"Vincent","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1039\/c1np00022e","article-title":"Antibiotic activities of host defense peptides: more to it than lipid bilayer perturbation.","volume":"28","author":"Wilmes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/415389a","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms.","volume":"415","author":"Zasloff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki524","article-title":"TM-align: a protein structure alignment algorithm based on the TM-score.","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-004-4149-1","article-title":"The scorpine family of defensins: gene structure, alternative polyadenylation and fold recognition.","volume":"61","author":"Zhu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msu038","article-title":"Experimental conversion of a defensin into a neurotoxin: implications for origin of toxic function.","volume":"31","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088174","article-title":"TLR2, TLR4 and CD14 recognize venom-associated molecular patterns from Tityus serrulatus to induce macrophage-derived inflammatory mediators.","volume":"9","author":"Zoccal","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2011.04.017","article-title":"Tityus serrulatus venom and toxins Ts1, Ts2 and Ts6 induce macrophage activation and production of immune mediators.","volume":"57","author":"Zoccal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicon"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00984\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T22:38:53Z","timestamp":1692830333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00984\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]]},"references-count":93,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00984","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]]},"article-number":"984"}}