{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T12:15:52Z","timestamp":1790338552818,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,15]],"date-time":"2018-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515974400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,14]],"date-time":"2018-01-14T23:30:17Z","timestamp":1515972617000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["African Lineage Brucella melitensis Isolates from Omani Livestock"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey T.","family":"Foster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faith M.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandy D.","family":"Rannals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Hammad","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin P.","family":"Drees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebekah V.","family":"Tiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex R.","family":"Hoffmaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulmajeed","family":"Al-Rawahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Keim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Saqib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(02)00055-7","article-title":"A review of camel brucellosis","volume":"55","author":"Abbas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.392","article-title":"Hospital-based surveillance for acute febrile illness in Egypt: a focus on community-acquired bloodstream infections","volume":"73","author":"Afifi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hygiene"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2006.12.015","article-title":"Evaluation of Brucella MLVA typing for human brucellosis","volume":"69","author":"Al Dahouk","year":"","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1312.070527","article-title":"Changing epidemiology of human brucellosis, Germany, 1962\u20132005","volume":"13","author":"Al Dahouk","year":"","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B5","first-page":"13","article-title":"Bacteriological methods","volume-title":"Techniques for the Brucellosis Laboratory","author":"Alton","year":"1988"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"e32866","article-title":"Melt analysis of mismatch amplification mutation assays (Melt-MAMA): a functional study of a cost-effective SNP genotyping assay in bacterial models","volume-title":"PLoS ONE","author":"Birdsell","year":"2012"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12397","article-title":"MLVA as an epidemiological tool to trace back Brucella melitensis biovar 1 re-emergence in Italy","volume":"62","author":"De Massis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3923\/vr.2011.71.76","article-title":"Prevalence of brucellosis in the sultanate of Oman with reference to some Middle-East countries","volume":"4","author":"El Tahir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2015.12.006","article-title":"Outbreaks of brucellosis related to the consumption of unpasteurized camel milk","volume":"9","author":"Garcell","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.06.021","article-title":"Investigating genetic diversity of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in Italy with MLVA-16","volume":"19","author":"Garofolo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Genetics. Evol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0175425","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175425","article-title":"Whole genome sequencing of Brucella melitensis isolated from 57 patients in Germany reveals high diversity in strains from Middle East","volume":"12","author":"Georgi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2011.05.002","article-title":"Brucellosis in camels","volume":"92","author":"Gwida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-525","article-title":"Comparison of diagnostic tests for the detection of Brucella spp. in camel sera","volume":"4","author":"Gwida","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.02.009","article-title":"Genotyping of Brucella melitensis strains from dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) from the United Arab Emirates with multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis","volume":"186","author":"Gyuranecz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2008.07.002","article-title":"Novel identification and differentiation of Brucella melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis, B. ovis, B. canis, and B. neotomae suitable for both conventional and real-time PCR systems","volume":"75","author":"Hinic","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"B16","first-page":"47","article-title":"Multiple locus variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) of Brucella spp. identifies species-specific markers and provides insights into phylogenetic relationships","volume-title":"NIH: Frontiers in Research","author":"Huynh","year":"2008"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-256","article-title":"MLVA genotyping of Chinese human Brucella melitensis biovar 1, 2 and 3 isolates","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3935","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00464-08","article-title":"Evaluation of a multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis scheme for typing human Brucella isolates in a region of brucellosis endemicity","volume":"45","author":"Kattar","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18912.x","article-title":"Airborne spread of brucellosis","volume":"353","author":"Kaufmann","year":"1980","journal-title":"An. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B20","first-page":"205","article-title":"Anthrax molecular epidemiology and forensics: using the appropriate marker for different evolutionary scales","volume-title":"Infect. Genetics Evol.","author":"Keim","year":"2004"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3276","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02538-10","article-title":"Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis genotyping of human Brucella isolates from Turkey","volume":"49","author":"Kilic","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-6-9","article-title":"Evaluation and selection of tandem repeat loci for a Brucella MLVA typing assay","volume":"6","author":"Le Fleche","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e115319","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115319","article-title":"Human brucellosis in Maghreb: existence of a lineage related to socio-historical connections with Europe","volume":"9","author":"Lounes","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00249-3","article-title":"Brucellosis in sub-Saharan Africa: epidemiology, control and impact","volume":"90","author":"Mcdermott","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1067\/mic.2001.111374","article-title":"Brucellosis in laboratory workers at a Saudi Arabian hospital","volume":"29","author":"Memish","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00213","article-title":"Retrospective and prospective perspectives on zoonotic brucellosis","volume":"5","author":"Moreno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2007.10.005","article-title":"Brucellosis in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Darfur, Western Sudan","volume":"138","author":"Musa","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-016-2348-4","article-title":"Pathological and diagnostic investigations of abortions and neonatal mortality associated with natural infection of Brucella abortus in dromedary camels","volume":"26","author":"Narnaware","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comp. Clin. Path."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw582","article-title":"PHYLOViZ 2.0: Providing scalable data integration and visualization for multiple phylogenetic inference methods","volume":"33","author":"Nascimento","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B30","volume-title":"Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, Chapter 2.4.3 Bovine brucellosis","author":"OIE","year":"2012"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.2007.19.3.243","article-title":"Brucellosis in the Middle East: a persistent medical, socioeconomic and political issue","volume":"19","author":"Pappas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Chemother."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70382-6","article-title":"The new global map of human brucellosis","volume":"6","author":"Pappas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.14.3.860","article-title":"Control of Brucella melitensis infection in a large camel herd in Saudi Arabia using antibiotherapy and vaccination with Rev. 1 vaccine","volume":"14","author":"Radwan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00248-1","article-title":"Incidence and control of brucellosis in the Near East region","volume":"90","author":"Refai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/037267","article-title":"The Northern Arizona SNP Pipeline (NASP): accurate, flexible, and rapid identification of SNPs in WGS datasets","author":"Sahl","year":"2016","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.61.920","article-title":"Infectious and tropical diseases in Oman: a review","volume":"61","author":"Scrimgeour","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.06.021","article-title":"Brucellosis: a re-emerging zoonosis","volume":"140","author":"Seleem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"B38","first-page":"475","article-title":"Human brucellosis outbreak acquired through camel milk ingestion in southern Israel","volume":"14","author":"Shimol","year":"2012","journal-title":"Isr. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773212Y.0000000020","article-title":"A review on camel brucellosis: a zoonosis sustained by ignorance and indifference","volume":"106","author":"Sprague","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pathog. Glob. Health"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.1993.1","article-title":"Brucellosis: a model for eradication of endemic diseases from the Arabian peninsula","volume":"13","author":"Tabbara","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann. Saudi Med."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-1294-x","article-title":"Full genome SNP-based phylogenetic analysis reveals the origin and global spread of Brucella melitensis","volume":"16","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-0958-0","article-title":"Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) genotyping of human Brucella isolates in Malaysia","volume":"15","author":"Tay","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02362-08","article-title":"Comparison of two multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis methods for molecular strain typing of human Brucella melitensis isolates from the Middle East","volume":"47","author":"Tiller","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)05470-0","article-title":"The saga of brucellosis: controversy over credit for linking Malta fever with goats' milk","volume":"348","author":"Vassallo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.33.3.2322","article-title":"Camelid brucellosis: a review","volume":"33","author":"Wernery","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.07.001","article-title":"Current understanding of the genetic diversity of Brucella, an expanding genus of zoonotic pathogens","volume":"9","author":"Whatmore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.02049","article-title":"Extended multilocus sequence analysis to describe the global population structure of the genus Brucella: phylogeography and relationship to biovars","volume":"7","author":"Whatmore","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B48","volume-title":"The Camel.","author":"Wilson","year":"1984"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680509801009","article-title":"How Themistocles Zammit found Malta Fever (brucellosis) to be transmitted by the milk of goats","volume":"98","author":"Wyatt","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Med."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02702\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]],"date-time":"2018-05-15T11:13:23Z","timestamp":1526382803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02702\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,15]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02702"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02702","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,15]]},"article-number":"2702"}}