{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T23:34:13Z","timestamp":1783726453635,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]],"date-time":"2018-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525824000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]],"date-time":"2018-05-09T04:29:13Z","timestamp":1525840153000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Future Perspectives on Drug Targeting in Adult T Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Marino-Merlo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Mastino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Grelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Hermine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Bazarbachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Macchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-015-0217-2","article-title":"Small PARP inhibitor PJ-34 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of adult T-cell leukemia cells.","volume":"8","author":"Bai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01671-07","article-title":"Inhibition of cell-to-cell transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 in vitro by carbohydrate-binding agents.","volume":"52","author":"Balestrieri","year":"","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3080","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.9.3080-3083.2002","article-title":"Effect of lamivudine on transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 to adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.","volume":"46","author":"Balestrieri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00470-07","article-title":"Effect of phosphonated carbocyclic 2\u2032-oxa-3\u2032-aza-nucleoside on human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 infection in vitro.","volume":"52","author":"Balestrieri","year":"","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2011.01.024","article-title":"Antiviral activity of seed extract from Citrus bergamia towards human retroviruses.","volume":"19","author":"Balestrieri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2005.09.001","article-title":"Protective effect of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate tenofovir toward human T-cell leukemia\/lymphotropic virus type 1 infection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.","volume":"68","author":"Balestrieri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0272","article-title":"Human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1: parasitism and pathogenesis.","volume":"372","author":"Bangham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042226","article-title":"HTLV-I tax increases genetic instability by inducing DNA double strand breaks during DNA replication and switching repair to NHEJ.","volume":"7","author":"Baydoun","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4177","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.28.0669","article-title":"Meta-analysis on the use of zidovudine and interferon-alfa in adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma showing improved survival in the leukemic subtypes.","volume":"28","author":"Bazarbachi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-03-345702","article-title":"How I treat adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma.","volume":"118","author":"Bazarbachi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-11-685032","article-title":"Constitutive activation of Pim1 kinase is a therapeutic target for adult T-cell leukemia.","volume":"127","author":"Bellon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2014.09.012","article-title":"Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics\/pharmacodynamics of daclizumab (anti-CD25) in patients with adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma.","volume":"155","author":"Berkowitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-13-205","article-title":"Tax impairs DNA replication forks and increases DNA breaks in specific oncogenic genome regions.","volume":"13","author":"Chaib-Mezrag","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5948","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-04-277418","article-title":"Autocrine\/paracrine cytokine stimulation of leukemic cell proliferation in smoldering and chronic adult T-cell leukemia.","volume":"116","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2010.06.005","article-title":"HTLV-1 Tax: linking transformation, DNA damage and apoptotic T-cell death.","volume":"188","author":"Chlichlia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12801","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00943-10","article-title":"Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 Tax protein complexes with P-TEFb and competes for Brd4 and 7SK snRNP\/HEXIM1 binding.","volume":"84","author":"Cho","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-04-572750","article-title":"ATL response to arsenic\/interferon therapy is triggered by SUMO\/PML\/RNF4-dependent Tax degradation.","volume":"125","author":"Dassouki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2016.11.005","article-title":"Adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma: a problem abroad and at home.","volume":"31","author":"Dittus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2785","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101095","article-title":"Therapy-induced selective loss of leukemia-initiating activity in murine adult T cell leukemia.","volume":"207","author":"El Hajj","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B20","first-page":"2849","article-title":"Arsenic-interferon-alpha-triggered apoptosis in HTLV-I transformed cells is associated with tax down-regulation and reversal of NF-kappa B activation.","volume":"96","author":"El-Sabban","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-2-17","article-title":"The discovery of the first human retrovirus: HTLV-1 and HTLV-2.","volume":"2","author":"Gallo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30258","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7162","article-title":"Impaired expression of DICER and some microRNAs in HBZ expressing cells from acute adult T-cell leukemia patients.","volume":"7","author":"Gazon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199506293322603","article-title":"Treatment of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma with a combination of interferon alfa and zidovudine.","volume":"332","author":"Gill","year":"1995","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.thj.6200195","article-title":"A prospective phase II clinical trial with the use of zidovudine and interferon-alpha in the acute and lymphoma forms of adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma.","volume":"3","author":"Hermine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hematol. J."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199506293322604","article-title":"Brief report: treatment of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma with zidovudine and interferon alfa.","volume":"332","author":"Hermine","year":"1995","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-018-0658-4","article-title":"A review of new findings in adult t-cell leukemia-lymphoma: a focus on current and emerging treatment strategies.","volume":"35","author":"Hermine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.2165\/00063030-199810060-00003","article-title":"Adult T cell leukaemia: a review of established and new treatments.","volume":"10","author":"Hermine","year":"1998","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51123","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.17699","article-title":"HTLV-1 Tax upregulates early growth response protein 1 through nuclear factor-kappaB signaling.","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7529","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-0983","article-title":"The CC chemokine receptor 4 as a novel specific molecular target for immunotherapy in adult T-Cell leukemia\/lymphoma.","volume":"10","author":"Ishida","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B30","first-page":"3625","article-title":"Clinical significance of CCR4 expression in adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma: its close association with skin involvement and unfavorable outcome.","volume":"9","author":"Ishida","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-09-305425","article-title":"CP-690,550, a therapeutic agent, inhibits cytokine-mediated Jak3 activation and proliferation of T cells from patients with ATL and HAM\/TSP.","volume":"117","author":"Ju","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6604","DOI":"10.3390\/v7122960","article-title":"Recent advances in therapeutic approaches for adult t-cell leukemia\/lymphoma.","volume":"7","author":"Kato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4509","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2015.510","article-title":"HTLV-1 bZIP factor protein targets the Rb\/E2F-1 pathway to promote proliferation and apoptosis of primary CD4(+) T cells.","volume":"35","author":"Kawatsuki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6528","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-03-211821","article-title":"Phase 2 study of the efficacy and safety of the combination of arsenic trioxide, interferon alpha, and zidovudine in newly diagnosed chronic adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma (ATL).","volume":"113","author":"Kchour","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-10-52","article-title":"Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) suppresses HTLV-1 gene expression and cell cycling, while IFN-alpha combined with zidovudine induces p53 signaling and apoptosis in HTLV-1-infected cells.","volume":"10","author":"Kinpara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2016001370","article-title":"Quantification of HTLV-1 reverse transcriptase activity in ATL patients treated with zidovudine and interferon-alpha.","volume":"1","author":"Macchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-78-5-1007","article-title":"AZT inhibits the transmission of human T cell leukaemia\/lymphoma virus type I to adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.","volume":"78","author":"Macchi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1269","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1715724115","article-title":"Sporadic on\/off switching of HTLV-1 Tax expression is crucial to maintain the whole population of virus-induced leukemic cells.","volume":"115","author":"Mahgoub","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20201","article-title":"Modulation of apoptosis during HTLV-1-mediated immortalization process in vitro.","volume":"74","author":"Matteucci","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-016-0352-4","article-title":"WRN-targeted therapy using inhibitors NSC 19630 and NSC 617145 induce apoptosis in HTLV-1-transformed adult T-cell leukemia cells.","volume":"9","author":"Moles","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-09-741983","article-title":"Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 is a novel specific molecular target in adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma.","volume":"130","author":"Narita","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2016.21","article-title":"Dose-adjusted EPOCH chemotherapy with bortezomib and raltegravir for human T-cell leukemia virus-associated adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma.","volume":"6","author":"Ratner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-07-104257","article-title":"Up-regulation of WRN and DNA ligase IIIalpha in chronic myeloid leukemia: consequences for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks.","volume":"112","author":"Sallmyr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01413-10","article-title":"Integrase inhibitors effective against human T-cell leukemia virus type 1.","volume":"55","author":"Seegulam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-1022","article-title":"Phase II study of alemtuzumab (CAMPATH-1) in patients with HTLV-1-associated Adult T-cell leukemia\/ lymphoma.","volume":"23","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1991.tb08051.x","article-title":"Diagnostic-criteria and classification of clinical subtypes of adult t-cell leukemia-lymphoma - a report from the lymphoma-study- group (1984-87).","volume":"79","author":"Shimoyama","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5068","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-0361","article-title":"HTLV-1 viral factor HBZ induces CCR4 to promote T-cell migration and proliferation.","volume":"76","author":"Sugata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01425","article-title":"The exceptional oncogenicity of HTLV-1.","volume":"8","author":"Tagaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.26.1347","article-title":"Phase I and pharmacologic study of SNS-032, a potent and selective Cdk2, 7, and 9 inhibitor, in patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma.","volume":"28","author":"Tong","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.5.1774-1775.2003","article-title":"Lamivudine resistance in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 may be due to a polymorphism at codon 118 (V\u2013>I) of the reverse transcriptase.","volume":"47","author":"Toro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3421","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-5836","article-title":"ABT-263: a potent and orally bioavailable Bcl-2 family inhibitor.","volume":"68","author":"Tse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-09-692574","article-title":"Adult T-cell leukemia: molecular basis for clonal expansion and transformation of HTLV-1-infected T cells.","volume":"129","author":"Watanabe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3990","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.34.8508","article-title":"Phase II\/III study of R-CHOP-21 versus R-CHOP-14 for untreated indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma: JCOG 0203 trial.","volume":"29","author":"Watanabe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.25.3575","article-title":"Phase I study of KW-0761, a defucosylated humanized anti-CCR4 antibody, in relapsed patients with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma.","volume":"28","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51981","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.10223","article-title":"Adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma in the Caribbean cohort is a distinct clinical entity with dismal response to conventional chemotherapy.","volume":"7","author":"Zell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12480","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1516208112","article-title":"Selective targeting of JAK\/STAT signaling is potentiated by Bcl-xL blockade in IL-2-dependent adult T-cell leukemia.","volume":"112","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00925\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]],"date-time":"2018-05-09T04:29:22Z","timestamp":1525840162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00925\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00925"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00925","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]]},"article-number":"925"}}