{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:18:37Z","timestamp":1790680717933,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":273,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,6]],"date-time":"2018-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536192000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,6]],"date-time":"2018-09-06T04:56:41Z","timestamp":1536209801000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["A Comprehensive Review on Equine Influenza Virus: Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathobiology, Advances in Developing Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Control Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Raj K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuldeep","family":"Dhama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumaragurubaran","family":"Karthik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rekha","family":"Khandia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok","family":"Munjal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandip K.","family":"Khurana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandip","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yashpal S.","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitin","family":"Virmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajendra","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhupendra N.","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Munir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes H.","family":"van der Kolk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.17236\/sat00015","article-title":"Development of a real-time RT-PCR for detection of equine influenza virus","volume":"157","author":"Aeschbacher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.19.1.1220","article-title":"Recent zoonoses caused by influenza A viruses","volume":"19","author":"Alexander","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-5-77","article-title":"A broad spectrum, one-step reverse-transcription PCR amplification of the neuraminidase gene from multiple subtypes of influenza A virus","volume":"5","author":"Alvarez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virol. J"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-016-0503-9","article-title":"Characterisation of the epidemic strain of H3N8 equine influenza virus responsible for outbreaks in South America in 2012","volume":"13","author":"Alves Beuttemm\u00fcller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virol J."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2011.00764.x","article-title":"Biosecurity and vaccination strategies to minimise the effect of an equine influenza outbreak on racing and breeding","volume":"89","author":"Arthur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.03.026","article-title":"Immunogenicity and clinical protection against equine influenza by DNA vaccination of ponies","volume":"30","author":"Ault","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.12.010","article-title":"The first reported Florida clade 1 virus in the Nordic countries, isolated from a Swedish outbreak of equine influenza in 2011","volume":"184","author":"Back","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0758-8_34","article-title":"Type A influenza virus detection from horses by real-time RT-PCR and insulated isothermal RT-PCR","volume":"1161","author":"Balasuriya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Influenza Virus"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2014.06.016","article-title":"Rapid detection of equine influenza virus H3N8 subtype by insulated isothermal RT-PCR (iiRT-PCR) assay using the POCKIT\u2122 nucleic acid analyzer","volume":"207","author":"Balasuriya","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens5030057","article-title":"The influenza NS1 protein: what do we know in equine influenza virus pathogenesis?","volume":"5","author":"Barba","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.06.009","article-title":"Vaccine failure caused an outbreak of equine influenza in Croatia","volume":"133","author":"Barbic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s13337-013-0164-x","article-title":"Emerging viral diseases of livestock in the developing world","volume":"24","author":"Bayry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Virol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02449-14","article-title":"A live attenuated equine H3N8 influenza vaccine is highly immunogenic and efficacious in mice and ferrets","volume":"89","author":"Baz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-5380-2_15","article-title":"Matrix M adjuvant technology","volume-title":"Novel Immune Potentiators and Delivery Technologies for Next Generation Vaccines","author":"Bengtsson","year":"2013"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1007\/s13337-013-0137-0","article-title":"Genetic analysis of the neuraminidase (NA) gene of equine influenza virus (H3N8) from epizootic of 2008\u20132009 in India","volume":"24","author":"Bera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Virol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638716638123","article-title":"Pyrosequencing as a fast and reliable tool to determine clade affiliation for equine influenza A virus","volume":"28","author":"Bernardino","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Invest."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.2.5.17035","article-title":"The growing role of nanotechnology in combating infectious disease","volume":"2","author":"Blecher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8065","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00985-14","article-title":"Replication of many human viruses is refractory to inhibition by endogenous cellular microRNAs","volume":"88","author":"Bogerd","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.06.023","article-title":"Detection of West Nile Virus and other common equine viruses in three locations from the Leeward Islands, West Indies","volume":"174","author":"Bolfa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1441-0","article-title":"Multiple alignment comparison of the non-structural genes of three strains of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) isolated in Morocco","volume":"8","author":"Boukharta","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-350","article-title":"Phylogenetic and molecular characterization of equine H3N8 influenza viruses from Greece (2003 and 2007): evidence for reassortment between evolutionary lineages","volume":"8","author":"Bountouri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virol. J"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.08.091","article-title":"Immunization with recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (rMVA) constructs encoding the HA or NP gene protects ponies from equine influenza virus challenge","volume":"24","author":"Breathnach","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2003.11.004","article-title":"Use of recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara viral vectors for equine influenza vaccination","volume":"98","author":"Breathnach","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol"},{"key":"B24","first-page":"413","article-title":"Immunization for equine influenza","volume":"148","author":"Bryans","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres\/2009067","article-title":"Comparison of two modern vaccines and previous influenza infection against challenge with an equine influenza virus from the Australian 2007 outbreak","volume":"41","author":"Bryant","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.004","article-title":"Antigenic and genetic variations in European and North American equine influenza virus strains (H3N8) isolated from 2006 to 2007","volume":"138","author":"Bryant","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.05.040","article-title":"Isolation and characterisation of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) from Europe and North America from 2008 to 2009","volume":"147","author":"Bryant","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00574","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00574-18","article-title":"Complete genome sequencing of two equine influenza A(H3N8) virus strains isolated in Kazakhstan","volume":"6","author":"Burashev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Announc"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2013.11.011","article-title":"Little evidence of human infection with equine influenza during the 2007 epizootic, Queensland, Australia","volume":"59","author":"Burnell","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.131.17.388","article-title":"Cross reactivity of existing influenza vaccine with a new strain of equine influenza virus from China","volume":"31","author":"Chambers","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet. Rec"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0758-8_31","article-title":"A brief introduction to equine influenza and equine influenza viruses","volume-title":"Animal Influenza Virus. Methods in Molecular Biology","author":"Chambers","year":"2014"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1201\/b19719-47","article-title":"Equine influenza virus","volume-title":"Molecular Detection of Animal Viral Pathogens","author":"Chambers","year":"2016"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.2746\/042516401776249291","article-title":"A new modified live equine influenza virus vaccine: phenotypic stability, restricted spread and efficacy against heterologous virus challenge","volume":"33","author":"Chambers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J"},{"key":"B34","first-page":"26","article-title":"Equine influenza\u2013current veterinary perspectives, part 2","volume":"17","author":"Chambers","year":"1995","journal-title":"Equine Pract."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2746\/042516408X371937","article-title":"Influenza A viruses with truncated NS1 as modified live virus vaccines: pilot studies of safety and efficacy in horses","volume":"41","author":"Chambers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0758-8_32","article-title":"Equine influenza diagnosis: sample collection and transport","volume":"1161","author":"Chambers","year":"","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0758-8_35","article-title":"Equine influenza culture methods","volume":"1161","author":"Chambers","year":"","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0758-8_36","article-title":"Equine influenza serological methods","volume":"1161","author":"Chambers","year":"","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.135.12.275","article-title":"Rapid diagnosis of equine influenza by the directigen FLU-A enzyme immunoassay","volume":"135","author":"Chambers","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet. Rec"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1021\/bi030176o","article-title":"Biophysical characterization of the complex between double-stranded RNA and the N-terminal domain of the NS1 protein from influenza A virus: evidence for a novel RNA-binding mode","volume":"43","author":"Chien","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11175","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1406606111","article-title":"Recent evolution of equine influenza and the origin of canine influenza","volume":"111","author":"Collins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(88)90034-1","article-title":"Detection of influenza nucleoprotein antigen in nasal secretions from horses infected with A\/equine influenza (H3N8) viruses","volume":"20","author":"Cook","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12151","article-title":"Vaccination for equine influenza: the sports regulator's viewpoint","volume":"45","author":"Cooke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"B44","first-page":"93","article-title":"Role of secretory antibody in influenza","volume-title":"The Secretory Immune System","author":"Couch","year":"1969"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2009.08.006","article-title":"The equine influenza epidemic in Australia: Spatial and temporal descriptive analyses of a large propagating epidemic","volume":"92","author":"Cowled","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1117950","article-title":"Transmission of equine influenza virus to dogs","volume":"310","author":"Crawford","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2011.00734.x","article-title":"Infection of dogs with equine influenza virus: evidence for transmission from horses during the Australian outbreak","volume":"89","author":"Crispe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.01.074","article-title":"Immune responses and protective efficacy in ponies immunized with and equine influenza ISCOM vaccine containing an \u2018American lineage\u2019 H3N8 virus","volume":"23","author":"Crouch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.06.009","article-title":"The use of a systemic prime\/mucosal boost strategy with an equine influenza ISCOM vaccine to induce protective immunity in horses","volume":"108","author":"Crouch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2010.00176.x","article-title":"Equine influenza\u2013surveillance and control","volume":"4","author":"Cullinane","year":"2010","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir. Viruses"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.03.029","article-title":"Equine influenza\u2013a global perspective","volume":"167","author":"Cullinane","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"B52","first-page":"13","article-title":"Infectious diseases (chapter 1): equine influenza","volume-title":"The Equine Manual. 2nd Edn","author":"Cullinane","year":"2006"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1403.070643","article-title":"Transmission of equine influenza virus to English foxhounds","volume":"14","author":"Daly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-77-4-661","article-title":"Antigenic and genetic evolution of equine H3N8 influenza A viruses","volume":"77","author":"Daly","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2010.06.026","article-title":"Equine influenza: a review of an unpredictable virus","volume":"189","author":"Daly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12794","article-title":"Strategic implementation of vaccines for control of equine influenza","volume":"50","author":"Daly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2004023","article-title":"Current perspectives on control of equine influenza","volume":"35","author":"Daly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.09.001","article-title":"Investigation of equine influenza cases exhibiting neurological disease: coincidence or association?","volume":"134","author":"Daly","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2007.08.001","article-title":"Genetic characterization of equine influenza viruses isolated in Italy between 1999 and 2005","volume":"131","author":"Damiani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"B60","first-page":"353","article-title":"A concept paper on novel technologies boosting production and safeguarding health of humans and animals","volume":"4","author":"Dhama","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res. Opin. Anim. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2013.101.111","article-title":"Novel and emerging therapies safeguarding health of humans and their companion animals: a review","volume":"16","author":"Dhama","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pak. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200219666180129145252","article-title":"Medicinal and therapeutic potential of herbs and plant metabolites\/extracts countering viral pathogens\u2013current knowledge and future prospects","volume":"19","author":"Dhama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-008-9040-3","article-title":"DNA Vaccines and their applications in veterinary practice: current perspectives","volume":"32","author":"Dhama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2011.00746.x","article-title":"Positive results in a real-time PCR for type A influenza associated with the use of an inactivated vaccine","volume":"89","author":"Diallo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J"},{"key":"B65","first-page":"271","article-title":"Surveillance of equine respiratory viruses in Ontario","volume":"74","author":"Diaz-Mendez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can. J. Vet. Res"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.34.3.2399","article-title":"High-health, high-performance' horses: risk mitigation strategies for OIE-listed diseases","volume":"34","author":"Dominguez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879400600108","article-title":"Diagnosis of equine influenza by the polymerase chain reaction","volume":"6","author":"Donofrio","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Invest"},{"key":"B68","first-page":"583","article-title":"Influenza","volume-title":"Diseases of Poultry","author":"Easterday","year":"1997"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-083-7:1","article-title":"An overview of adjuvant use","volume-title":"Vaccine Adjuvants: Preparation Methods and Research Protocols","author":"Edelman","year":"2000"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/2054-9369-1-15","article-title":"China's great wall, Israel's bar lev line, and passive infectious disease surveillance","volume":"1","author":"Elbadry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mil. Med. Res."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12197","article-title":"The genetics of virus particle shape in equine influenza A virus","volume":"7","author":"Elton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir. Viruses"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00357.x","article-title":"Facing the threat of equine influenza","volume":"43","author":"Elton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12148","article-title":"Equine influenza: antigenic drift and implications for vaccines","volume":"45","author":"Elton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjm.2017.07.003","article-title":"Evolution of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) during a Brazilian outbreak, 2015","volume":"49","author":"Favaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6860","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00521-15","article-title":"Equine and canine influenza H3N8 viruses show minimal biological differences despite phylogenetic divergence","volume":"89","author":"Feng","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.001","article-title":"Comparing the functions of equine and canine influenza H3N8 virus PA-X proteins: suppression of reporter gene expression and modulation of global host gene expression","volume":"496","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5636","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03122-15","article-title":"Pathogenesis of influenza D virus in cattle","volume":"90","author":"Ferguson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.12.006","article-title":"Real-time RT-PCR for detection of equine influenza and evaluation using samples from horses infected with A\/equine\/Sydney\/2007 (H3N8)","volume":"137","author":"Foord","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.05.068","article-title":"Influential factors inducing suboptimal humoral response to vector-based influenza immunisation in thoroughbred foals","volume":"34","author":"Fougerolle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.02.003","article-title":"Genetic evolution of equine influenza virus strains (H3N8) isolated in France from 1967 to 2015 and the implications of several potential pathogenic factors","volume":"505","author":"Fougerolle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2011.00763.x","article-title":"Role of personal decontamination in preventing the spread of equine influenza","volume":"89","author":"Frazer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12485","article-title":"Whole-genome sequencing and antigenic analysis of the first equine influenza virus identified in Turkey","volume":"12","author":"Gahan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir. Viruses"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652014000600006","article-title":"Prevalence of antibodies against influenza virus in non-vaccinated equines from the Brazilian Pantanal","volume":"56","author":"Ga\u00edva e Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12195","article-title":"The evaluation of a nucleoprotein ELISA for the detection of equine influenza antibodies and the differentiation of infected from vaccinated horses (DIVA)","volume":"7","author":"Galvin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir. Viruses"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12235","article-title":"The evaluation of three diagnostic tests for the detection of equine influenza nucleoprotein in nasal swabs","volume":"8","author":"Galvin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir. Viruses"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.16-0558","article-title":"Update of inactivated equine influenza vaccine strain in Japan","volume":"79","author":"Gamoh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.10.010","article-title":"Refinement of the equine influenza model in the natural host: a meta-analysis to determine the benefits of individual nebulisation for experimental infection and vaccine evaluation in the face of decreased strain pathogenicity","volume":"211","author":"Garrett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"B88","first-page":"63","article-title":"Clinical features, sequelae and epidemiology of equine influenza","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Equine Infectious Diseases","author":"Gerber","year":"1970"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252310000046","article-title":"Equine and canine influenza: a review of current events","volume":"11","author":"Gibbs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim. Health Res. Rev."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2010.00163.x","article-title":"A comparative antibody study of the potential susceptibility of thoroughbred and non-thoroughbred horse populations in Ireland to equine influenza virus","volume":"4","author":"Gildea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir. Viruses"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00333.x","article-title":"Management and environmental factors involved in equine influenza outbreaks in Ireland 2007\u20132010","volume":"43","author":"Gildea","year":"2011","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E43","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens7020043","article-title":"Multifocal equine influenza outbreak with vaccination breakdown in thoroughbred racehorses","volume":"7","author":"Gildea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00472.x","article-title":"The molecular epidemiology of equine influenza in Ireland from 2007-2010 and its international significance","volume":"44","author":"Gildea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12396","article-title":"Concurrent vaccination against equine influenza and equine herpes virus-a practical approach","volume":"10","author":"Gildea","year":"2016","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir. Viruses"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9208","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00887-14","article-title":"Infection and pathogenesis of canine, equine, and human influenza viruses in canine tracheas","volume":"88","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-017-0788-3","article-title":"Chorioallantoic membranes of embryonated chicken eggs as an alternative system for isolation of equine influenza virus","volume":"14","author":"Gora","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90754-D","article-title":"Characterization of new avian like influenza A virus from horses in China","volume":"188","author":"Guo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B98","first-page":"214","article-title":"Detection of equine influenza viral genome by RT-PCR and RNA-DNA hybridization","volume":"2","author":"Gupta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J. Biotech."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.2008\/004606-0","article-title":"The multifunctional NS1 protein of influenza A viruses","volume":"89","author":"Hale","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12636","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01350-10","article-title":"Microevolution of canine influenza virus in shelters and its molecular epidemiology in the United States","volume":"84","author":"Hayward","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.06.085","article-title":"The first safe inactivated equine influenza vaccine formulation adjuvanted with ISCOM-Matrix that closes the immunity gap","volume":"27","author":"Heldens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-0233(03)00028-5","article-title":"Efficacy and duration of immunity of a combined equine influenza and equine herpesvirus vaccine against challenge with an American-like equine influenza virus (A\/equi-2\/Kentucky\/95)","volume":"167","author":"Heldens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. J"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.03.004","article-title":"Is there a benefit from an early booster vaccination in the control of equine influenza?","volume":"174","author":"Heldens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. J"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300954","article-title":"Protective CD8 T cell-mediated immunity against influenza A virus infection following influenza virus-like particle vaccination","volume":"191","author":"Hemann","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3667","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.68.6.3667-3673.1994","article-title":"Apoptosis: a mechanism of cell killing by influenza A and B viruses","volume":"68","author":"Hinshaw","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B106","unstructured":"HollandR. E. Equine Influenza. Art. No: 45842003"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12171","article-title":"Equine influenza vaccines in Europe: a view from the animal health industry","volume":"45","author":"Horspool","year":"2013","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003081","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003081","article-title":"Transmission of equine influenza virus during an outbreak is characterized by frequent mixed infections and loose transmission bottlenecks","volume":"8","author":"Hughes","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.02.019","article-title":"Genetic and subunit vaccines based on the stem domain of the equine influenza hemagglutinin provide homosubtypic protection against heterologous strains","volume":"36","author":"Iba\u00f1ez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.70.899","article-title":"Genetic analyses of an H3N8 influenza virus isolate, causative strain of the outbreak of equine influenza at the Kanazawa Racecourse in Japan in 2007","volume":"70","author":"Ito","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(00)00167-X","article-title":"Host-range barrier of Influenza A viruses","volume":"74","author":"Ito","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222213","article-title":"An overlapping protein-coding region in influenza A virus segment 3 modulates the host response","volume":"337","author":"Jagger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12412","article-title":"The ecology and adaptive evolution of influenza A interspecies transmission","volume":"11","author":"Joseph","year":"2017","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir. Viruses"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.2174\/1574891X09666140616164918","article-title":"Recent advances in the development of anti-Infective prophylactic and\/or therapeutic agents based on toll-like receptor (TLRs)","volume":"9","author":"Junquera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Recent Pat. Antiinfect. Drug Discov."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-05512-1","volume-title":"Insight into Influenza Viruses of Animals and Humans","author":"Kapoor","year":"2014"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-014-2078-3","article-title":"Continuing evolution of equine influenza virus in Central Asia, 2007\u20132012","volume":"159","author":"Karamendin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Virol"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(89)90153-0","article-title":"Evolution of the hemagglutinin of equine H3 influenza viruses","volume":"169","author":"Kawaoka","year":"1989","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2017.07.022","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of a novel re-assorted epidemic strain of equine influenza virus in Pakistan in 2015\u201316","volume":"240","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12148","article-title":"Sparse evidence for equine or avian influenza virus infections among Mongolian adults with animal exposures","volume":"7","author":"Khurelbaatar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir. Viruses"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e85616","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085616","article-title":"Little evidence of avian or equine influenza virus infection among a cohort of Mongolian adults with animal exposures, 2010\u20132011","volume":"9","author":"Khurelbaatar","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.03.006","article-title":"Controlling equine influenza: traditional to next generation serological assays","volume":"187","author":"Kinsley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2011.00743.x","article-title":"Use of a blocking ELISA for antibodies to equine influenza virus as a test to distinguish between naturally infected and vaccinated horses: proof of concept studies","volume":"89","author":"Kirkland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1604.091489","article-title":"Influenza virus transmission from horses to dogs, Australia","volume":"16","author":"Kirkland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1244730","article-title":"Substitutions near the receptor binding site determine major antigenic change during influenza virus evolution","volume":"342","author":"Koel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-010-0176-8","article-title":"Current knowledge on PB1-F2 of influenza A viruses","volume":"200","author":"Krumbholz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Microbiol. Immunol"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0154376","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154376","article-title":"Revelation of influencing factors in overall codon usage bias of equine influenza viruses","volume":"11","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.10.028","article-title":"NS-gene based phylogenetic analysis of equine influenza viruses isolated in Poland","volume":"182","author":"Kwasnik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5772\/64588","article-title":"Epidemiology of equine influenza viruses","volume-title":"Epidemiology of Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases\u2013Attributes of Lifestyle and Nature on Humankind","author":"Laabassi","year":"2016"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050170106","article-title":"Diverged evolution of recent equine-2 influenza (H3N8) viruses in the western hemisphere","volume":"146","author":"Lai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Virol"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(80)90484-5","article-title":"Sequence of interrupted and uninterrupted mRNAs and cloned DNA coding for the two overlapping nonstructural proteins of influenza virus","volume":"21","author":"Lamb","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.003","article-title":"Equine influenza virus","volume":"30","author":"Landolt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Equine Pract"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.c3891","article-title":"Low-dose DNA vaccination into the submandibular lymph nodes in ponies","volume":"167","author":"Landolt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-2406-4.50017-X","article-title":"Equine influenza infection","volume-title":"Equine Infectious Diseases","author":"Landolt","year":"2007"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2015.04.009","article-title":"Serological evidence of equine influenza infections among persons with horse exposure, Iowa","volume":"67","author":"Larson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"B135","first-page":"203","article-title":"Influenza in horses","volume-title":"Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for the Year 1872","author":"Law","year":"1874"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2015.11.012","article-title":"Design and testing of multiplex RT-PCR primers for the rapid detection of influenza A virus genomic segments: application to equine influenza virus","volume":"228","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-016-2966-9","article-title":"A naturally truncated NS1 protein of influenza A virus impairs its interferon-antagonizing activity and thereby confers attenuation in vitro","volume":"162","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Virol"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12244","article-title":"Genetic evolution of equine influenza strains isolated in France from 2005 to 2010","volume":"47","author":"Legrand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4752","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03805-13","article-title":"Substitutions near the hemagglutinin receptor-binding site determine the antigenic evolution of influenza A H3N2 viruses in U.S. Swine","volume":"88","author":"Lewis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12742","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05319-11","article-title":"Antigenic and genetic evolution of equine influenza A (H3N8) virus from 1968 to 2007","volume":"85","author":"Lewis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(01)00468-0","article-title":"Caspase activation in equine influenza virus induced apoptotic cell death","volume":"84","author":"Lin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.133.21.515","article-title":"The outbreak of equine influenza (H3N8) in the United Kingdom in 1989; diagnostic use of an antigen capture ELISA","volume":"133","author":"Livesay","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3907","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00598-09","article-title":"Development and evaluation of one-step TaqMan real-time reverse transcription-PCR assays targeting nucleoprotein, matrix, and hemagglutinin genes of equine influenza virus","volume":"47","author":"Lu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(98)00496-4","article-title":"Antibody responses to DNA vaccination of horses using the influenza virus hemagglutinin gene","volume":"17","author":"Lunn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2011.00765.x","article-title":"Hygiene practices to prevent the spread of equine influenza by humans","volume":"89","author":"Major","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.38150\/sajeb.3(5).p207-213","article-title":"Toll-like receptors: the innate immune receptors with ingenious anti-viral paradigm","volume":"3","author":"Malik","year":"2013","journal-title":"South Asian J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"B147","first-page":"461","article-title":"Observations on the coughing outbreak \u201cNewmarket cough\u201d in the race horses in Bombay","volume":"42","author":"Manjrekar","year":"1965","journal-title":"Indian Vet. J."},{"key":"B148","first-page":"133","article-title":"Equine influenza","volume-title":"Advances in Medical and Veterinary Virology, Immunology, and Epidemiology\u2013Vol. 7: Tropical Viral Diseases of Large Domestic Animals\u2013Part 1","author":"Mathew","year":"2010"},{"key":"B149","first-page":"112","article-title":"Equine influenza (Chapter VII)","volume-title":"Advances in Medical & Veterinary Virology, Immunology and Epidemiology, Vol. 6: Influenza and it's Public Health Significance","author":"Mathew","year":"2006"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00419","article-title":"Host immunological factors enhancing mortality of young adults during the 1918 influenza pandemic","volume":"6","author":"McAuley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol"},{"key":"B151","first-page":"341","article-title":"Memory CD4 T cell-mediated immunity against influenza A virus: more than a little helpful","volume-title":"Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp","author":"McKinstry","year":"2013"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3489","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00005-07","article-title":"Current status of veterinary vaccines","volume":"20","author":"Meeusen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1294\/jes.27.99","article-title":"Serological evidence of equine influenza virus in horse stables in Kaduna, Nigeria","volume":"27","author":"Meseko","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Equine Sci"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2004019","article-title":"Equine viral vaccines: the past, present and future","volume":"35","author":"Minke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Res"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.68.2.213","article-title":"Efficacy of a canarypox-vectored recombinant vaccine expressing the hemagglutinin gene of equineinfluenza H3N8 virus in the protection of ponies from viral challenge","volume":"68","author":"Minke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.62486","article-title":"Antigenic variations of human influenza virus in Shiraz, Iran","volume":"28","author":"Moattari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Microbiol"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2010.00148.x","article-title":"Historical thoughts on influenza viral ecosystems, or behold a pale horse, dead dogs, failing fowl, and sick swine","volume":"4","author":"Morens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir. Viruses"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.216.535","article-title":"Descriptive epidemiologic study of disease associated with influenza virus infections during three epidemics in horses","volume":"216","author":"Morley","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc"},{"key":"B159","first-page":"377","article-title":"The diagnosis and control of equine influenza","volume":"36","author":"Mumford","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Assoc. Equine Pract."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(93)90092-C","article-title":"Conference report on WHO\/OIE meeting: consultation on newly emerging strains of equine influenza","volume":"11","author":"Mumford","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6943","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00112-10","article-title":"Intra- and interhost evolutionary dynamics of equine influenza virus","volume":"84","author":"Murcia","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4768","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03379-12","article-title":"Evolution of equine influenza virus in vaccinated horses","volume":"87","author":"Murcia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881300143X","article-title":"Isolation and genetic characterization of naturally NS-truncated H3N8 equine influenza virus in South Korea","volume":"142","author":"Na","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.7774\/cevr.2016.5.2.117","article-title":"Influenza virus vaccine for neglected hosts: horses and dogs","volume":"5","author":"Na","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Vaccine Res."},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e148","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12423","article-title":"Serological evidence for the co-circulation of two lineages of influenza D viruses in equine populations of the Midwest United States","volume":"65","author":"Nedland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(98)00009-7","article-title":"Local and systemic isotype-specific antibody responses to equine influenza virus infection versus conventional vaccination","volume":"16","author":"Nelson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00172","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00172-18","article-title":"Complete genomic sequences of H3N8 equine influenza virus strains used as vaccine strains in Japan","volume":"6","author":"Nemoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Announc"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.07.015","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for H3N8 equine influenza virus","volume":"178","author":"Nemoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.11-0541","article-title":"Development of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for H7N7 equine influenza virus","volume":"74","author":"Nemoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B170","first-page":"766","article-title":"Equine influenza","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases of Livestock","author":"Newton","year":"2005"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.161.4.142-a","article-title":"Canine influenza virus: cross-species transmission from horses","volume":"161","author":"Newton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Rec"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18010020","article-title":"Reverse genetics approaches for the development of influenza vaccines","volume":"18","author":"Nogales","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci"},{"key":"B173","unstructured":"National Research Central on Equines, Annual Report 2009\u201320102010"},{"key":"B174","first-page":"871","volume-title":"Equine Influenza. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals","year":"2008"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.01.004","article-title":"Identification of novel amino acid residues of influenza virus PA-X that are important for PA-X shut off activity by using yeast","volume":"516","author":"Oishi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(00)00175-9","article-title":"DNA vaccination against influenza viruses: a review with emphasis on equine and swine influenza","volume":"74","author":"Olsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(99)00041-3","article-title":"A PCR based method for the identification of equine influenza virus from clinical samples","volume":"67","author":"Oxburgh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3005","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.9.3005-3009.1999","article-title":"Cocirculation of two distinct lineages of equine influenza virus subtype H3N8","volume":"37","author":"Oxburgh","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B179","first-page":"187","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for diagnosis of equine influenza by antigen detection using immuno-PCR","volume":"48","author":"Ozaki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Jap. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines2040797","article-title":"A systematic review of recent advances in equine influenza vaccination","volume":"2","author":"Paillot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens5020042","article-title":"The use of a recombinant canary pox-based equine influenza vaccine during the 2007 Australian outbreak: a systematic review and summary","volume":"5","author":"Paillot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2007062","article-title":"Protection, systemic IFN\u03b3, and antibody responses induced by an ISCOM-based vaccine against a recent equine influenza virus in its natural host","volume":"39","author":"Paillot","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.02.030","article-title":"Vaccination against equine influenza: quid novi?","volume":"24","author":"Paillot","year":"","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2006.02.007","article-title":"Antibody and IFN-gamma responses induced by a recombinant canarypox vaccine and challenge infection with equine influenza virus","volume":"112","author":"Paillot","year":"","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12323_29","article-title":"Development efficacy of the recombinant canarypox-based equine influenza (EI) vaccine updated according to the last OIE expert surveillance panel recommendations","volume":"46","author":"Paillot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines5040046","article-title":"Equine vaccines: How, when and why? Report of the vaccinology session, French Equine Veterinarians Association, 2016. Reims","volume":"5","author":"Paillot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2011.11.019","article-title":"ISCOM-matrix-based equine influenza (EIV) vaccine stimulates cell-mediated immunity in the horse","volume":"145","author":"Paillot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2010.03.019","article-title":"Efficacy of a whole inactivated EI vaccine against a recent EIV outbreak isolate and comparative detection of virus shedding","volume":"136","author":"Paillot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.10.019","article-title":"Whole inactivated equine influenza vaccine: efficacy against a representative clade 2 equine influenza virus, IFNgamma synthesis duration of humoral immunity","volume":"162","author":"Paillot","year":"","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.04.027","article-title":"Duration of equine influenza virus shedding and infectivity in immunised horses after experimental infection with EIV A\/eq2\/Richmond\/1\/07","volume":"166","author":"Paillot","year":"","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175980","article-title":"Quantifying the impact of immune escape on transmission dynamics of influenza","volume":"326","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00156-7","article-title":"Optimizing vaccination strategies in equine influenza","volume":"21","author":"Park","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2990","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03146-14","article-title":"Influenza virus reservoirs and intermediate hosts: dogs, horses, and new possibilities for influenza virus exposure of humans","volume":"89","author":"Parrish","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003019","article-title":"Emerging roles for the influenza A virus nuclear export protein (NEP)","author":"Paterson","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.2746\/042516408X292214","article-title":"Thee pathology of bronchointerstitial pneumonia in young foals associated with the first outbreak of equine influenza in Australia","volume":"40","author":"Patterson-Kane","year":"2008","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0143094","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143094","article-title":"Pathology of equine influenza virus (H3N8) in murine model","volume":"10","author":"Pavulraj","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.08.013","article-title":"Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of inactivated equine influenza (H3N8) virus vaccine in murine model","volume":"210","author":"Pavulraj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874521","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/874521","article-title":"Comparison of the infectivity and transmission of contemporary canine and equine H3N8 influenza viruses in dogs","volume":"2013","author":"Pecoraro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Int"},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens5040061","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology and spatio-temporal dynamics of the H3N8 equine influenza virus in South America","volume":"5","author":"Perglione","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2011.00766.x","article-title":"Vaccination program in the response to the 2007 equine influenza outbreak in Australia","volume":"89","author":"Perkins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J"},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.11.026","article-title":"Nanotherapeutics: an insight into healthcare and multi-dimensional applications in medical sector of the modern world","volume":"97","author":"Prasad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B202","first-page":"675","article-title":"Global distribution of equine influenza","volume":"60","author":"Purzycka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. Weter."},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-010-0724-y","article-title":"Genetic evolution of equine influenza viruses isolated in China","volume":"155","author":"Qi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Virol"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8431","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.13.8431-8439.2005","article-title":"Attenuation of equine influenza viruses through truncations of the NS1 protein","volume":"79","author":"Quinlivan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B205","first-page":"1144","article-title":"Equine influenza","volume-title":"Veterinary Medicine, A Text Book of Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses, 9th Edn","author":"Radostits","year":"2003"},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens6010006","article-title":"Evolution and divergence of H3N8 equine influenza viruses circulating in the United Kingdom from 2013 to 2015","volume":"6","author":"Rash","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.10.031","article-title":"A prospective longitudinal study of naturally infected horses to evaluate the performance characteristics of rapid diagnostic tests for equine influenza virus","volume":"156","author":"Read","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.08.022","article-title":"Evolution of canine and equine influenza (H3N8) viruses co-circulating between 2005 and 2008","volume":"408","author":"Rivailler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.01.005","article-title":"Development of a novel equine influenza virus live-attenuated vaccine","volume":"516","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12277","article-title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of strategies for the control of equine influenza virus in the New Zealand equine population","volume":"63","author":"Rosanowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg. Dis"},{"key":"B211","first-page":"569","article-title":"Detection of antibodies against equine influenza virus by cell based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"55","author":"Rozek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens6040061","article-title":"Low prevalence of enzootic equine influenza virus among horses in Mongolia","volume":"6","author":"Sack","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-012-0247-5","article-title":"Investigation of equine influenza virus in two geographical regions of Pakistan","volume":"45","author":"Sajid","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod"},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2012.01.013","article-title":"Horse owners'\/managers' perceptions about effectiveness of biosecurity measures based on their experiences during the 2007 equine influenza outbreak in Australia","volume":"106","author":"Schemann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med"},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.14670\/HH-23.973","article-title":"Localization of influenza virus sialoreceptors in equine respiratory tract","volume":"23","author":"Scocco","year":"2008","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14454","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014454","article-title":"A complete analysis of HA and NA genes of influenza A viruses","volume":"5","author":"Shi","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2015.03.001","article-title":"One health, multiple challenges: The inter-species transmission of influenza A virus","volume":"1","author":"Short","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health"},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30118-9","article-title":"Equine immunity to viruses","volume":"16","author":"Slater","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Equine Pract"},{"key":"B219","first-page":"14","article-title":"Equine influenza: an update","volume":"85","author":"Smyth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(03)00060-6","article-title":"Regional antibody and cellular immune responses to equine influenza virus infection, and particle mediated DNA vaccination","volume":"94","author":"Soboll","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol"},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2009.11.007","article-title":"Onset and duration of immunity to equine influenza virus resulting from canarypox-vectored (ALVAC) vaccination","volume":"135","author":"Soboll","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol"},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11190","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01509-15","article-title":"Cross-species infectivity of H3N8 influenza virus in an experimental infection in swine","volume":"89","author":"Sol\u00f3rzano","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B223","first-page":"51","article-title":"Isolation of a virus causing respiratory disease in horses","volume":"2","author":"Sovinova","year":"1958","journal-title":"Acta Virol"},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E31","DOI":"10.3390\/v10010031","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis and characterization of a sporadic isolate of equine influenza A H3N8 from an unvaccinated horse in 2015","volume":"10","author":"Sreenivasan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20122173","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2012.2173","article-title":"Inferring the inter-host transmission of influenza A virus using patterns of intrahost genetic variation","volume":"280","author":"Stack","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci"},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2012.140867","article-title":"Equine influenza A(H3N8) virus infection in cats","volume":"20","author":"Su","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B227","first-page":"2206","article-title":"Receptor sialylsugar chains as determinants of host range of influenza viruses","volume":"58","author":"Suzuki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nippon Rinsho"},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-92165-3_12","article-title":"Influenza neuraminidase as a vaccine antigen","volume-title":"Vaccines for Pandemic Influenza. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology","author":"Sylte","year":"2009"},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12248","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of a novel cold-adapted modified-live equine influenza virus vaccine","volume":"92","author":"Tabynov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J"},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b16-00345","article-title":"Substrate specificity of equine and human influenza A virus sialidase to molecular species of sialic acid","volume":"39","author":"Takahashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull"},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-9571(96)00006-9","article-title":"Equine influenza","volume":"19","author":"Timoney","year":"1996","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.2746\/042516401776249354","article-title":"Efficacy of a cold-adapted, intranasal, equine influenza vaccine-challenge trials","volume":"33","author":"Townsend","year":"2001","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J"},{"key":"B233","first-page":"41","article-title":"Efficacy of a cold-adapted, modified-live virus influenza vaccine: a double-blind challenge trial","volume":"45","author":"Townsend","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Assoc. Equine Pract."},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-009-0381-1","article-title":"Isolation and molecular characterization of equine H3N8 influenza viruses from pigs in China","volume":"154","author":"Tu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Virol"},{"key":"B235","first-page":"569","article-title":"Outbreak of equine influenza in India","volume":"121","author":"Uppal","year":"1987","journal-title":"Vet. Rec"},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1989.tb02690.x","article-title":"Isolation of A\/Equi-2 virus during 1987 equine influenza epidemic in India","volume":"21","author":"Uppal","year":"1989","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J"},{"key":"B237","first-page":"91","article-title":"Occurrence of equine influenza outbreaks in India","volume":"8","author":"Uppal","year":"1987","journal-title":"Indian J. Comp. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.10.123","article-title":"A vectored equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) vaccine elicits protective immune responses against EHV-1 and H3N8 equine influenza virus","volume":"28","author":"Van de Walle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2002.9695127","article-title":"Equine influenza virus infections: an update","volume":"24","author":"van Maanen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Quart"},{"key":"B240","first-page":"449","article-title":"Descriptive epidemiology of equine influenza in India (2008\u20132009): temporal and spatial trends","volume":"46","author":"Virmani","year":"","journal-title":"Vet. Ital."},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.04.011","article-title":"Genetic analysis of the matrix and non-structural genes of equine influenza virus (H3N8) from epizootic of 2008\u20132009 in India","volume":"152","author":"Virmani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.12.007","article-title":"Equine influenza outbreak in India (2008\u201309): virus isolation, sero-epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of HA gene","volume":"143","author":"Virmani","year":"","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"B243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.163.20.607-a","article-title":"Equine influenza outbreak in India","volume":"163","author":"Virmani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Rec"},{"key":"B244","first-page":"587","article-title":"A new influenza virus associated with equine respiratory disease","volume":"143","author":"Waddel","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc"},{"key":"B245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0170374","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170374","article-title":"A multiplex RT-PCR assay for detection and differentiation of avian-origin canine H3N2, equine-origin H3N8, human-origin H3N2, and H1N1\/2009 canine influenza viruses","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.30.1.2021","article-title":"The 2007 outbreak of equine influenza in Australia: lessons learned for international trade in horses","volume":"30","author":"Watson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech"},{"key":"B247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-70962-6_4","article-title":"Influenza viruses in animal wildlife populations","volume":"315","author":"Webby","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol"},{"key":"B248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1993.tb03009.x","article-title":"Are equine 1 influenza viruses still present in horses?","volume":"25","author":"Webster","year":"1993","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J"},{"key":"B249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.k2727","article-title":"Equine influenza: evolution of a highly infectious virus","volume":"182","author":"Whitlock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"B250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30395-4","article-title":"Equine influenza","volume":"9","author":"Wilson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Equine Pract"},{"key":"B251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8021","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00826-09","article-title":"A complicated message: identification of a novel PB1-related protein translated from influenza A virus segment 2 mRNA","volume":"83","author":"Wise","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"key":"B252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.130.6.126-c","article-title":"Epidemiology of equine influenza","volume":"130","author":"Wood","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet. Rec"},{"key":"B253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-1157(83)80037-7","article-title":"The standardisation of inactivated equine influenza vaccines by single-radial immunodiffusion","volume":"11","author":"Wood","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Biol. Standard"},{"key":"B254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.02.027","article-title":"Using epidemics to map H3 equine influenza virus determinants of antigenicity","volume":"481","author":"Woodward","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.11.039","article-title":"Development of a surveillance scheme for equine influenza in the UK and characterisation of viruses isolated in Europe, Dubai and the USA from 2010\u20132012","volume":"169","author":"Woodward","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"B256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens5030050","article-title":"A review of evidence that equine influenza viruses are zoonotic","volume":"5","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2012.01.005","article-title":"Efficacy of a single intravenous dose of the neuraminidase inhibitor peramivir in the treatment of equine influenza","volume":"193","author":"Yamanaka","year":"","journal-title":"Vet. J"},{"key":"B258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12290","article-title":"The potential impact of a single amino-acid substitution on the efficacy of equine influenza vaccines","volume":"47","author":"Yamanaka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"B259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-54-25","article-title":"No evidence of horizontal infection in horses kept in close contact with dogs experimentally infected with canine influenza A virus (H3N8)","volume":"54","author":"Yamanaka","year":"","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand"},{"key":"B260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12358","article-title":"Evaluation of twenty-two rapid antigen detection tests in the diagnosis of equine influenza caused by viruses of H3N8 subtype","volume":"10","author":"Yamanaka","year":"","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir. Viruses"},{"key":"B261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12418","article-title":"Assessment of antigenic difference of equine influenza virus strains by challenge study in horses","volume":"10","author":"Yamanaka","year":"","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir. Viruses"},{"key":"B262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.17-0105","article-title":"Rapid diagnosis of equine influenza by highly sensitive silver amplification immunochromatography system","volume":"79","author":"Yamanaka","year":"","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci"},{"key":"B263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.17-0538","article-title":"Neutralization antibody response to booster\/priming immunization with new equine influenza vaccine in Japan","volume":"80","author":"Yamanaka","year":"","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci"},{"key":"B264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.06.015","article-title":"Interspecies transmission of equine influenza virus (H3N8) to dogs by close contact with experimentally infected horses","volume":"139","author":"Yamanaka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"B265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.70.623","article-title":"Epidemic of equine influenza among vaccinated racehorses in Japan in 2007","volume":"70","author":"Yamanaka","year":"","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci"},{"key":"B266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.70.189","article-title":"Evaluation of antigen detection kits for diagnosis of equine influenza","volume":"70","author":"Yamanaka","year":"","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci"},{"key":"B267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2010.00157.x","article-title":"Infectivity and pathogenicity of canine H3N8 influenza A virus in horses","volume":"4","author":"Yamanaka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir. Viruses"},{"key":"B268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.11.033","article-title":"Emergence of H3N8 equine influenza virus in donkeys in China in 2017","volume":"214","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"B269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(00)00177-2","article-title":"Equine influenza vaccine efficacy: the significance of antigenic variation","volume":"74","author":"Yates","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"B270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.08.004","article-title":"Mutation from arginine to lysine at the position 189 of hemagglutinin contributes to the antigenic drift in H3N2 swine influenza viruses","volume":"446","author":"Ye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-013-1908-z","article-title":"Identification of equine influenza virus infection in Asian wild horses (Equus przewalskii)","volume":"159","author":"Yin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"B272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12069","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of H3N8 equine influenza A virus associated with the 2011 epizootic in Mongolia","volume":"7","author":"Yondon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir. Viruses"},{"key":"B273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2012.140435","article-title":"Equine influenza A (H3N8) virus isolated from Bactrian camel, Mongolia","volume":"20","author":"Yondon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01941\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T20:34:14Z","timestamp":1661978054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01941\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,6]]},"references-count":273,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01941"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01941","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,6]]},"article-number":"1941"}}