{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:08:24Z","timestamp":1790140104300,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]],"date-time":"2018-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543881600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008751","name":"Bundesinstitut f\u00fcr Risikobewertung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1329-520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1329-520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008751","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]],"date-time":"2018-12-04T13:23:46Z","timestamp":1543929826000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Concomitant Temperature Stress and Immune Activation may Increase Mortality Despite Efficient Clearance of an Intracellular Bacterial Infection in Atlantic Cod"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Anett K.","family":"Larsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingebj\u00f8rg H.","family":"Nymo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen K.","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marit","family":"Seppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"R\u00f8dven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Pilar","family":"Jim\u00e9nez de Bag\u00fc\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sascha","family":"Al Dahouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Godfroid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-075030","article-title":"Tolerance of infections","volume":"30","author":"Ayres","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.0690701","article-title":"Effect of potassium intake on the final steps of aldosterone biosynthesis in the rat","volume":"69","author":"Baumann","year":"1972","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2013.07.022","article-title":"Climate change and the oceans\u2013What does the future hold?","volume":"74","author":"Bijma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2008.03.017","article-title":"Modulation of the immune system of fish by their environment","volume":"25","author":"Bowden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1139\/z96-017","article-title":"Comparison of harbour seal diets in two inshore habitats of Atlantic Canada","volume":"74","author":"Bowen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"B6","first-page":"483","article-title":"Human exposure to Brucella recovered from a sea mammal","volume":"144","author":"Brew","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2005.01.017","article-title":"A fuzzy logic expert system to estimate intrinsic extinction vulnerabilities of marine fishes to fishing","volume":"124","author":"Cheung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00053-8","article-title":"Influence of water temperature and oxygenation on the aerobic metabolic scope of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)","volume":"44","author":"Claireaux","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Sea Res."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118448908","volume-title":"The R Book.","author":"Crawley","year":"2012"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icesjms.2005.05.015","article-title":"The response of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) to future climate change","volume":"62","author":"Drinkwater","year":"2005","journal-title":"ICES J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2011.05.021","article-title":"Francisella noatunensis in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.); waterborne transmission and immune responses","volume":"31","author":"Ellingsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12513","article-title":"Climate change and fishing: a century of shifting distribution in North Sea cod","volume":"20","author":"Engelhard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3843","article-title":"Fever and the thermal regulation of immunity: the immune system feels the heat","volume":"15","author":"Evans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.65269-0","volume":"57","author":"Foster","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brucella ceti"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2008.12.002","article-title":"Molecular characterisation and expression analysis of interferon gamma in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)","volume":"26","author":"Furnes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"B16","volume-title":"Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevelhierarchical Models","author":"Gelman","year":"2007"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2012.03333.x","article-title":"Behavioural fever boosts the inflammatory response in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss","volume":"81","author":"Gr\u00e4ns","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Fish Biol."},{"key":"B18","unstructured":"GreenC. HaukenesA. The Role of Stress in Fish Disease, Southern Regional Aquaculture Center Publication no. 4742015"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2007.01791.x","article-title":"Temperature effects on metabolic rate, swimming performance and condition of Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius","volume":"72","author":"Hanna","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Fish Biol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5433.1505","article-title":"Emerging marine diseases-climate links and anthropogenic factors","volume":"285","author":"Harvell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/17451000701358531","article-title":"Diets of hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) in coastal waters and drift ice waters along the east coast of Greenland","volume":"3","author":"Haug","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mar. Biol. Res."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1139\/gen-2013-0090","article-title":"The impact of a moderate chronic temperature increase on spleen immune-relevant gene transcription depends on whether Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) are stimulated with bacterial versus viral antigens","volume":"56","author":"Hori","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome"},{"key":"B23","unstructured":"International Council for the Exploration of the Sea: Cod (Gadus morhua) [Factsheet]2006"},{"key":"B24","unstructured":"Havforskningsrapporten 2017. Fisken og Havet, S\u00e6rnr. 1-2017 Institue for Marine Research2017"},{"key":"B25","unstructured":"Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 p2014"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374553-8.00186-6","article-title":"\u201cCorticosteroids,\u201d","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology: From Genome to Environment","author":"Kiilerich","year":"2011"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/asp055","article-title":"Bias reduction in exponential family non-linear models","volume":"96","author":"Kosmidis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.7589\/2012-05-137","article-title":"Brucella pinnipedialis infections in Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) from Washington State, USA","volume":"49","author":"Lambourn","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R902","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00700.2003","article-title":"Oxygen limitation of thermal tolerance in cod, Gadus morhua L., studied by magnetic resonance imaging and on-line venous oxygen monitoring","volume":"287","author":"Lannig","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-016-0188-5","article-title":"Brucella pinnipedialis in hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) primary epithelial cells","volume":"8","author":"Larsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Larsen","year":"","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070186"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e84861","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084861","article-title":"Entrance and survival of Brucella pinnipedialis hooded seal strain in human macrophages and epithelial cells","volume":"8","author":"Larsen","year":"","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.201.2.165","article-title":"Differential effects of temperature on specific and non-specific immune defences in fish","volume":"201","author":"Le Morvan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2017.03.041","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis provides insights into hepatic responses to moderate heat stress in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"619","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2013 \u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0706.2000.880110.x","article-title":"Trade-offs in evolutionary immunology: just what is the cost of immunity?","volume":"88","author":"Lochmiller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-0491(98)10156-6","volume":"122","author":"Magnad\u00f3ttir","year":"1999","journal-title":". Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B38","first-page":"640","article-title":"\u201cSection IV: Laboratory tests,\u201d","volume-title":"Clinical Veterinary Advisor: Birds and Exotic Pets","author":"Mayer","year":"2013"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374553-8.00212-4","article-title":"\u201cHormonal control of metabolism and ionic regulation: The hormonal control of osmoregulation in teleost fish,\u201d","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology: From Genome to Environment","author":"McCormick","year":"2011"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4363","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00680-06","volume":"44","author":"McDonald","year":"2006","journal-title":". J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B41","unstructured":"Marine Conservation Society: North Sea Cod - Out of the Red at Last2015"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2008.00987.x","article-title":"Virulence and pathogenicity of Francisella philomiragia subsp. noatunensis for Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., and laboratory mice","volume":"32","author":"Mikalsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2010.11.007","article-title":"Vibriosis vaccines based on various sero-subgroups of Vibrio anguillarum O2 induce specific protection in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) juveniles","volume":"30","author":"Mikkelsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.10.010","article-title":"Response to vaccination of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) progenies from families with different estimated family breeding values for vibriosis resistance","volume":"34","author":"Mikkelsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2722","DOI":"10.1139\/f96-239","article-title":"Grey seal predation on the eastern Scotian Shelf: modelling the impact on Atlantic cod","volume":"53","author":"Mohn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2005.11.008","article-title":"Respiratory burst activity of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) blood phagocytes differs markedly from that of rainbow trout","volume":"21","author":"Nikoskelainen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Nymo","year":"2016","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159272"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02659","article-title":"Age-dependent prevalence of anti-Brucella antibodies in hooded seals Cystophora cristata","volume":"106","author":"Nymo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Org."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2006.00714.x","article-title":"A novel systemic granulomatous inflammatory disease in farmed Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., associated with a bacterium belonging to the genus Francisella","volume":"29","author":"Olsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2007.01763.x","article-title":"The stress and metabolic responses of juvenile Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L. to an acute thermal challenge","volume":"72","author":"P\u00e9rez-Casanova","year":"","journal-title":"J. Fish Biol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2008.01.012","article-title":"The immune and stress responses of Atlantic cod to long-term increases in water temperature","volume":"24","author":"P\u00e9rez-Casanova","year":"","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2016.06.027","article-title":"Behavioral fever in ectothermic vertebrates","volume":"66","author":"Rakus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3354\/meps08889","article-title":"Thermal niche of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua: limits, tolerance and optima","volume":"420","author":"Righton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2432","article-title":"Two ways to survive infection: what resistance and tolerance can teach us about treating infectious diseases","volume":"8","author":"Schneider","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802728-8.00001-1","article-title":"\u201cThe concept of stress in fish,\u201d","volume-title":"Biology of Stress in Fish","author":"Schreck","year":"2016"},{"key":"B56","first-page":"1166","article-title":"Effects of temperature, hypoxia, and activity on the metabolism of juvenile Atlantic cod","volume":"50","author":"Schurmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Fish Biol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S1546-5098(08)60272-1","article-title":"\u201cThe nonspecific immune system: cellular defenses,\u201d","volume-title":"The Fish Immune System: Organism, Pathogen and Environment","author":"Secombes","year":"1996"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.08.003","article-title":"Characterisation and expression analysis of the interleukin genes, IL-1\u03b2, IL-8, and IL-10, in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)","volume":"45","author":"Seppola","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2006.05.009","article-title":"Sequence and expression analysis of an interferon stimulated gene (ISG15) from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)","volume":"31","author":"Seppola","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802728-8.00012-6","article-title":"\u201cStress management and welfare,\u201d","volume-title":"Biology of Stress in Fish","author":"Sneddon","year":"2016"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.136","article-title":"Disease tolerance and immunity in host protection against infection","volume":"17","author":"Soares","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B62","unstructured":"SobelJ. Gadus morhua. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T8784A12931575. [Online]1996"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0904.020576","article-title":"Human neurobrucellosis with intracerebral granuloma caused by a marine mammal Brucella spp","volume":"9","author":"Sohn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.201.11.1707","article-title":"Scavenger-receptor-mediated endocytosis in endocardial endothelial cells of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua","volume":"201","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(01)00300-2","article-title":"Mannose-receptor-mediated clearance of lysosomal \u03b1-mannosidase in scavenger endothelium of cod endocardium","volume":"129","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A Mol. Integr. Physiol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate1301","article-title":"Climate change impacts on the biophysics and economics of world fisheries","volume":"1","author":"Sumaila","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2004.11.001","article-title":"Prevalence of Brucella pinnipediae in healthy hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) from the North Atlantic Ocean and ringed seals (Phoca hispida) from Svalbard","volume":"105","author":"Tryland","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V871179","article-title":"Hypokalemia-consequences, causes, and correction","volume":"8","author":"Weiner","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1038\/35098076","article-title":"A general model for ontogenetic growth","volume":"413","author":"West","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02963\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T14:24:28Z","timestamp":1662560668000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02963\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02963"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02963","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]]},"article-number":"2963"}}