{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:11:31Z","timestamp":1790475091147,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]],"date-time":"2019-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81572022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81572022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81871671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81871671"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81471983"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81471983"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]],"date-time":"2019-04-26T04:39:38Z","timestamp":1556253578000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Strategies Developed by Toxoplasma gondii to Survive in the Host"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Wanbo","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faustina","family":"Pappoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jilong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00301-0","article-title":"Microsatellite analysis of Toxoplasma gondii shows considerable polymorphism structured into two main clonal groups","volume":"32","author":"Ajzenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1313501111","article-title":"Toxoplasma GRA7 effector increases turnover of immunity-related GTPases and contributes to acute virulence in the mouse","volume":"111","author":"Alaganan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0010017","article-title":"Identification of the moving junction complex of Toxoplasma gondii: a collaboration between distinct secretory organelles","volume":"1","author":"Alexander","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1547","article-title":"Host persistence: exploitation of anti-inflammatory pathways by Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"5","author":"Aliberti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1038\/ni915","article-title":"Molecular mimicry of a CCR5 binding-domain in the microbial activation of dendritic cells","volume":"4","author":"Aliberti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1172\/jci28796","article-title":"CD40 induces macrophage anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity by triggering autophagy-dependent fusion of pathogen-containing vacuoles and lysosomes","volume":"116","author":"Andrade","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462417696216","article-title":"Extensive brain masses and cavitary lung lesions associated with toxoplasmosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Ayoade","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01738-18","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01738-18","article-title":"Inducible nitric oxide synthase is a key host factor for Toxoplasma GRA15-dependent disruption of the gamma interferon-induced antiparasitic human response","volume":"9","author":"Bando","year":"2018","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.71.1183","article-title":"Overproduction of the pro-apoptotic molecule, programmed cell death 5, in Toxoplasma gondii leads to increased apoptosis of host macrophages","volume":"71","author":"Bannai","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2008.02.012","article-title":"Programmed cell death 5 from Toxoplasma gondii: a secreted molecule that exerts a pro-apoptotic effect on host cells","volume":"159","author":"Bannai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R92","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2005-6-11-r92","article-title":"The interferon-inducible p47 (IRG) GTPases in vertebrates: loss of the cell autonomous resistance mechanism in the human lineage","volume":"6","author":"Bekpen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2018.1518102","article-title":"The role of host autophagy machinery in controlling Toxoplasma infection","author":"Besteiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000309","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000309","article-title":"Export of a Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry neck protein complex at the host cell membrane to form the moving junction during invasion","volume":"5","author":"Besteiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.16021.1","article-title":"Metabolic interactions between Toxoplasma gondii and its host","volume":"7","author":"Blume","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2015.02.008","article-title":"The apicomplexan glideosome and adhesins\u2013structures and function","volume":"190","author":"Boucher","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20130103","article-title":"A Toxoplasma dense granule protein, GRA24, modulates the early immune response to infection by promoting a direct and sustained host p38 MAPK activation","volume":"210","author":"Braun","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00343-12","article-title":"Bradyzoite pseudokinase 1 is crucial for efficient oral infectivity of the Toxoplasma gondii tissue cyst","volume":"12","author":"Buchholz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eukaryot. Cell"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003331","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003331","article-title":"A nucleotide sugar transporter involved in glycosylation of the Toxoplasma tissue cyst wall is required for efficient persistence of bradyzoites","volume":"9","author":"Caffaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2014.02.013","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii inhibits apoptosis via a novel STAT3-miR-17-92-Bim pathway in macrophages","volume":"26","author":"Cai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004005","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004005","article-title":"A highly conserved Toxo1 haplotype directs resistance to toxoplasmosis and its associated caspase-1 dependent killing of parasite and host macrophage","volume":"10","author":"Cavailles","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506643103","article-title":"The rat Toxo1 locus directs toxoplasmosis outcome and controls parasite proliferation and spreading by macrophage-dependent mechanisms","volume":"103","author":"Cavailles","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.5.2233-2240.1999","article-title":"Replication of Toxoplasma gondii, but not Trypanosoma cruzi, is regulated in human fibroblasts activated with gamma interferon: requirement of a functional JAK\/STAT pathway","volume":"67","author":"Ceravolo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.10516","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein ROP16 mediates partially SH-SY5Y cells apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by directing Ser15\/37 phosphorylation of p53","volume":"11","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.06.013","article-title":"Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from cats in different geographic regions of China","volume":"183","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003927","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003927","article-title":"Inflammasome sensor NLRP1 controls rat macrophage susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"10","author":"Cirelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.02.007","article-title":"The Toxoplasma parasitophorous vacuole: an evolving host-parasite Frontier","volume":"33","author":"Clough","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12498","article-title":"The aspartyl protease TgASP5 mediates the export of the Toxoplasma GRA16 and GRA24 effectors into host cells","volume":"18","author":"Curt-Varesano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.2307\/3283305","article-title":"Isoenzyme analysis of 35 Toxoplasma gondii isolates and the biological and epidemiological implications","volume":"78","author":"Darde","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3532","article-title":"Autophagy in infection, inflammation and immunity","volume":"13","author":"Deretic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C11","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.35.2.C11","article-title":"Participation of lysosomes in cellular autophagy induced in rat liver by glucagon","volume":"35","author":"Deter","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17096","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2017.96","article-title":"Toxoplasma depends on lysosomal consumption of autophagosomes for persistent infection","volume":"2","author":"Di Cristina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12578","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.544718","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii virulence factor ROP18 inhibits the host NF-kappaB pathway by promoting p65 degradation","volume":"289","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref33","volume-title":"Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans.","author":"Dubey","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0156255","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156255","article-title":"Experimental toxoplasmosis in rats induced orally with eleven strains of Toxoplasma gondii of seven genotypes: tissue tropism, tissue cyst size, neural lesions, tissue cyst rupture without reactivation, and ocular lesions","volume":"11","author":"Dubey","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.04.002","article-title":"The Toxoplasma pseudokinase ROP5 forms complexes with ROP18 and ROP17 kinases that synergize to control acute virulence in mice","volume":"15","author":"Etheridge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.09.002","article-title":"Functional dissection of the apicomplexan glideosome molecular architecture","volume":"8","author":"Frenal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20160340","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii TgIST co-opts host chromatin repressors dampening STAT1-dependent gene regulation and IFN-gamma-mediated host defenses","volume":"213","author":"Gay","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.04.003","article-title":"The Toxoplasma dense granule proteins GRA17 and GRA23 mediate the movement of small molecules between the host and the parasitophorous vacuole","volume":"17","author":"Gold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.11594.1","article-title":"Parasites lacking the micronemal protein MIC2 are deficient in surface attachment and host cell egress, but remain virulent in\u00a0vivo","volume":"2","author":"Gras","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.15698\/mic2015.05.201","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii inhibits cytochrome c-induced caspase activation in its host cell by interference with holo-apoptosome assembly","volume":"2","author":"Graumann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microb Cell"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17907","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18010-9","article-title":"RON4L1 is a new member of the moving junction complex in Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"7","author":"Guerin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00005-17","article-title":"Toxoplasma effectors targeting host signaling and transcription","volume":"30","author":"Hakimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e86684","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086684","article-title":"The E2-like conjugation enzyme Atg3 promotes binding of IRG and Gbp proteins to Chlamydia- and Toxoplasma-containing vacuoles and host resistance","volume":"9","author":"Haldar","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12499","article-title":"The Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein ROP18 is an Irga6-specific kinase and regulated by the dense granule protein GRA7","volume":"18","author":"Hermanns","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/21.9.2149","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii myosin A and its light chain: a fast, single-headed, plus-end-directed motor","volume":"21","author":"Herm-Gotz","year":"2002","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01546-07","article-title":"Fas\/CD95-mediated apoptosis of type II cells is blocked by Toxoplasma gondii primarily via interference with the mitochondrial amplification loop","volume":"76","author":"Hippe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00347","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00347-16","article-title":"Opposing transcriptional mechanisms regulate Toxoplasma development","volume":"2","author":"Hong","year":"2017","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2011.07.002","article-title":"The IRG protein-based resistance mechanism in mice and its relation to virulence in Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"14","author":"Howard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.6.1411-1414.1997","article-title":"Determination of genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii strains isolated from patients with toxoplasmosis","volume":"35","author":"Howe","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.6.1561","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii comprises three clonal lineages: correlation of parasite genotype with human disease","volume":"172","author":"Howe","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00054","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00054-17","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii AP2IX-4 regulates gene expression during bradyzoite development","volume":"2","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-1999-3","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection inhibits the mitochondrial apoptosis through induction of Bcl-2 and HSP70","volume":"107","author":"Hwang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.10.020","article-title":"An apicomplexan actin-binding protein serves as a connector and lipid sensor to coordinate motility and invasion","volume":"20","author":"Jacot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(03)00113-8","article-title":"Aldolase forms a bridge between cell surface adhesins and the actin cytoskeleton in apicomplexan parasites","volume":"11","author":"Jewett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12579","article-title":"Human GBP1 does not localize to pathogen vacuoles but restricts Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"18","author":"Johnston","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2152","article-title":"AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6361","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06610-4","article-title":"NADPH oxidase 4 is required for the generation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and host defense against Toxoplasma gondii infection","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.09.016","article-title":"Recognition of profilin by toll-like receptor 12 is critical for host resistance to Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"38","author":"Koblansky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03823.x","article-title":"The antioxidant systems in Toxoplasma gondii and the role of cytosolic catalase in defence against oxidative injury","volume":"51","author":"Kwok","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.3390\/cells1030396","article-title":"LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP): connections with host autophagy","volume":"1","author":"Lai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001276","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001276","article-title":"The RON2-AMA1 interaction is a critical step in moving junction-dependent invasion by apicomplexan parasites","volume":"7","author":"Lamarque","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4098","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5098","article-title":"Plasticity and redundancy among AMA-RON pairs ensure host cell entry of Toxoplasma parasites","volume":"5","author":"Lamarque","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00646.x","article-title":"The rhoptry neck protein RON4 re-localizes at the moving junction during Toxoplasma gondii invasion","volume":"7","author":"Lebrun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-019-06215-y","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii ROP17 inhibits the innate immune response of HEK293T cells to promote its survival","volume":"118","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-133","article-title":"Phylogeny and virulence divergency analyses of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from China","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00101-16","article-title":"Identification of signaling pathways by which CD40 stimulates autophagy and antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii in macrophages","volume":"84","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(01)02016-5","article-title":"Intracellular protozoan parasites and apoptosis: diverse strategies to modulate parasite-host interactions","volume":"17","author":"Luder","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20131272","article-title":"Selective and strain-specific NFAT4 activation by the Toxoplasma gondii polymorphic dense granule protein GRA6","volume":"211","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01393","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01393-18","article-title":"NADPH oxidase and guanylate binding protein 5 restrict survival of avirulent type III strains of Toxoplasma gondii in naive macrophages","volume":"9","author":"Matta","year":"2018","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1116\/1.584155","article-title":"A family of transmembrane microneme proteins of Toxoplasma gondii contain EGF-like domains and function as escorters","volume":"115","author":"Meissner","year":"","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1074553","article-title":"Role of Toxoplasma gondii myosin A in powering parasite gliding and host cell invasion","volume":"298","author":"Meissner","year":"","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005","article-title":"The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation","volume":"27","author":"Mizushima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4452","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.9.4452","article-title":"Intracellular fate of vacuoles containing Toxoplasma gondii is determined at the time of formation and depends on the mechanism of entry","volume":"9","author":"Mordue","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4047","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01615-14","article-title":"Type II Toxoplasma gondii induction of CD40 on infected macrophages enhances interleukin-12 responses","volume":"82","author":"Morgado","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00399-17","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00399-17","article-title":"Interleukin-17A-deficient mice are highly susceptible to Toxoplasma gondii infection due to excessively induced T. gondii HSP70 and interferon gamma production","volume":"85","author":"Moroda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003809","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003809","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii-induced activation of EGFR prevents autophagy protein-mediated killing of the parasite","volume":"9","author":"Muniz-Feliciano","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4188","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.64.10.4188-4196.1996","article-title":"Mechanisms of interferon-induced inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii replication in human retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"64","author":"Nagineni","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11496","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10675-6","article-title":"Toxoplasma modulates signature pathways of human epilepsy, neurodegeneration & cancer","volume":"7","author":"Ngo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002784","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002784","article-title":"The rhoptry proteins ROP18 and ROP5 mediate Toxoplasma gondii evasion of the murine, but not the human, interferon-gamma response","volume":"8","author":"Niedelman","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2007.00956.x","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection induces apoptosis in noninfected macrophages: role of nitric oxide and other soluble factors","volume":"29","author":"Nishikawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3328","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302822","article-title":"Role of mouse and human autophagy proteins in IFN-gamma-induced cell-autonomous responses against Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"192","author":"Ohshima","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2013.169","article-title":"Historical landmarks of autophagy research","volume":"24","author":"Ohsumi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.06.006","article-title":"Toxoplasma effector recruits the Mi-2\/NuRD complex to repress STAT1 transcription and block IFN-gamma-dependent gene expression","volume":"20","author":"Olias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2014.05.003","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection of activated J774-A1 macrophages causes inducible nitric oxide synthase degradation by the proteasome pathway","volume":"63","author":"Padrao Jda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1515898113","article-title":"Dissecting the interface between apicomplexan parasite and host cell: insights from a divergent AMA-RON2 pair","volume":"113","author":"Parker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.06.003","article-title":"Toxoplasma parasite twisting motion mechanically induces host cell membrane fission to complete invasion within a protective vacuole","volume":"24","author":"Pavlou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.07.004","article-title":"Integrative genomic approaches highlight a family of parasite-specific kinases that regulate host responses","volume":"8","author":"Peixoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(86)90101-5","article-title":"Interferon-gamma suppresses the growth of Toxoplasma gondii in human fibroblasts through starvation for tryptophan","volume":"20","author":"Pfefferkorn","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e115","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030115","article-title":"Dual targeting of antioxidant and metabolic enzymes to the mitochondrion and the apicoplast of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"3","author":"Pino","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006671","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii induces FAK-Src-STAT3 signaling during infection of host cells that prevents parasite targeting byautophagy","volume":"13","author":"Portillo","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14472","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014472","article-title":"The CD40-autophagy pathway is needed for host protection despite IFN-gamma-dependent immunity and CD40 induces autophagy via control of P21 levels","volume":"5","author":"Portillo","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70637","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070637","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii sporozoites invade host cells using two novel paralogues of RON2 and AMA1","volume":"8","author":"Poukchanski","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2013.01.005","article-title":"Involvement of PI 3 kinase\/Akt-dependent Bad phosphorylation in Toxoplasma gondii-mediated inhibition of host cell apoptosis","volume":"133","author":"Quan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02513.x","article-title":"TgM2AP participates in Toxoplasma gondii invasion of host cells and is tightly associated with the adhesive protein TgMIC2","volume":"41","author":"Rabenau","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9577","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502272102","article-title":"The evolution of vertebrate toll-like receptors","volume":"102","author":"Roach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51448","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051448","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii clonal strains all inhibit STAT1 transcriptional activity but polymorphic effectors differentially modulate IFNgamma induced gene expression and STAT1 phosphorylation","volume":"7","author":"Rosowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0250-8","article-title":"Alarmin S100A11 initiates a chemokine response to the human pathogen Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"20","author":"Safronova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3767","article-title":"Essential role for GABARAP autophagy proteins in interferon-inducible GTPase-mediated host defense","volume":"18","author":"Sasai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01157","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01157-15","article-title":"A noncanonical autophagy pathway restricts Toxoplasma gondii growth in a strain-specific manner in IFN-gamma-activated human cells","volume":"6","author":"Selleck","year":"2015","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6990","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.73.10.6990-6997.2005","article-title":"Innate refractoriness of the Lewis rat to toxoplasmosis is a dominant trait that is intrinsic to bone marrow-derived cells","volume":"73","author":"Sergent","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/359082a0","article-title":"Virulent strains of Toxoplasma gondii comprise a single clonal lineage","volume":"359","author":"Sibley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0087","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in animals and humans","volume":"364","author":"Sibley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00257-0","article-title":"Microneme proteins: structural and functional requirements to promote adhesion and invasion by the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"31","author":"Soldati","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2012.50.1.1","article-title":"Anti-apoptotic effects of SERPIN B3 and B4 via STAT6 activation in macrophages after infection with Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"50","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Korean J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2016.05.012","article-title":"A host cell membrane microdomain is a critical factor for organelle discharge by Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"65","author":"Tahara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003823","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003823","article-title":"The Toxoplasma gondii cyst wall protein CST1 is critical for cyst wall integrity and promotes bradyzoite persistence","volume":"9","author":"Tomita","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02048-16","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02048-16","article-title":"Making home sweet and sturdy: Toxoplasma gondii ppGalNAc-Ts glycosylate in hierarchical order and confer cyst wall rigidity","volume":"8","author":"Tomita","year":"2017","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1204988","article-title":"Host cell invasion by apicomplexan parasites: insights from the co-structure of AMA1 with a RON2 peptide","volume":"333","author":"Tonkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001282","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001282","article-title":"The C-terminus of Toxoplasma RON2 provides the crucial link between AMA1 and the host-associated invasion complex","volume":"7","author":"Tyler","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01145-12","article-title":"CD40 induces anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity in nonhematopoietic cells dependent on autophagy proteins","volume":"81","author":"Van Grol","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53483","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053483","article-title":"Genotypes and mouse virulence of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from animals and humans in China","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02388-18","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02388-18","article-title":"Three Toxoplasma gondii dense granule proteins are required for induction of Lewis rat macrophage pyroptosis","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5033-2","article-title":"Identification of host proteins, Spata3 and Dkk2, interacting with Toxoplasma gondii micronemal protein MIC3","volume":"115","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2014.12.006","article-title":"Immunological changes induced by Toxoplasma gondii glutathione-S-transferase (TgGST) delivered as a DNA vaccine","volume":"99","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1001-4","article-title":"Research advances in microneme protein 3 of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88351","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.19362","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii excretory\/secretory antigens (TgESAs) suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by inhibiting TLR-induced NF-kappaB activation in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-4993-6","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii ROP18: potential to manipulate host cell mitochondrial apoptosis","volume":"115","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00061","article-title":"Genome-wide bimolecular fluorescence complementation-based proteomic analysis of Toxoplasma gondii ROP18's human interactome shows its key role in regulation of cell immunity and apoptosis","volume":"9","author":"Xia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4447","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700008R","article-title":"Thioredoxin reductase from Toxoplasma gondii: an essential virulence effector with antioxidant function","volume":"31","author":"Xue","year":"2017","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101660","article-title":"ATF6beta is a host cellular target of the Toxoplasma gondii virulence factor ROP18","volume":"208","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091703","article-title":"A single polymorphic amino acid on Toxoplasma gondii kinase ROP16 determines the direct and strain-specific activation of Stat3","volume":"206","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.3.1.18340","article-title":"Inhibition of ATF6beta-dependent host adaptive immune response by a Toxoplasma virulence factor ROP18","volume":"3","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M116.063602","article-title":"A human proteome array approach to identifying key host proteins targeted by Toxoplasma kinase ROP18","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteomics"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.09.007","article-title":"Vaccination with a DNA vaccine encoding Toxoplasma gondii ROP54 induces protective immunity against toxoplasmosis in mice","volume":"176","author":"Yang","year":"","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1109893","article-title":"TLR11 activation of dendritic cells by a protozoan profilin-like protein","volume":"308","author":"Yarovinsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.10.003","article-title":"Autophagosome-independent essential function for the autophagy protein Atg5\u00a0in cellular immunity to intracellular pathogens","volume":"4","author":"Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2465.1","article-title":"Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from pigs in China","volume":"96","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1645\/ge-2851.1","article-title":"Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from pigs in southwestern China","volume":"97","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00899\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]],"date-time":"2023-09-16T02:26:39Z","timestamp":1694831199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00899\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]]},"references-count":128,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00899"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00899","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]]},"article-number":"899"}}