{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:19:51Z","timestamp":1788347991293,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T04:56:36Z","timestamp":1557291396000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Mother-to-Child HTLV-1 Transmission: Unmet Research Needs"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Carolina","family":"Rosadas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham P.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000221680.52563.d5","article-title":"High endemicity of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 among pregnant women in peru.","volume":"42","author":"Alarc\u00f3n","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01674","article-title":"Family aggregation of human T-lymphotropic virus 1-associated diseases: a systematic review.","volume":"7","author":"Alvarez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/631825","article-title":"Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma during pregnancy.","volume":"2013","author":"Amor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Case Rep. Oncol. Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-1702(01)00289-1","article-title":"Pooling of samples for seroepidemiological surveillance of human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I and II.","volume":"78","author":"Andersson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2004.00227.x","article-title":"Long-term serological outcome of infants who received frozen \u2013 thawed milk from human T-lymphotropic virus type-I positive mothers.","volume":"30","author":"Ando","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1989.tb02327.x","article-title":"Effect of freeze-thawing breast milk on vertical HTLV-I transmission from seropositive mothers to children.","volume":"80","author":"Ando","year":"1989","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1053\/JINF.2002.1107","article-title":"Long-term follow up study of vertical HTLV-I infection in children breast-fed by seropositive mothers.","volume":"46","author":"Ando","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"B8","first-page":"322","article-title":"Transmission of adult T-cell leukemia retrovirus (HTLV-I) from mother to child: comparison of bottle- with breast-fed babies.","volume":"78","author":"Ando","year":"1987","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B9","year":"2011","journal-title":"RDC n 23 27 de Maio de 2011"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1086\/341251","article-title":"Juvenile human T lymphotropic virus type 1\u2013associated myelopathy.","volume":"35","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-014-0459-0","article-title":"Update on neurological manifestations of HTLV-1 infection.","volume":"17","author":"Araujo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1086\/429752","article-title":"Comments on the brief report \u201cprovirus load in breast milk and risk of mother-to-child transmission of human T lymphotropic virus type I.\u201d","volume":"191","author":"Barcellos","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B13","first-page":"302","article-title":"HTLV-I serostatus of mothers of patients with adult T-cell leukemia and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis.","volume":"1","author":"Bartholomew","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Hum. Virol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00278","article-title":"How to control HTLV-1-associated diseases: preventing de novo cellular infection using antiviral therapy.","volume":"9","author":"Bertazzoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1086\/498910","article-title":"Human leukocyte antigen concordance and the transmission risk via breast-feeding of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I.","volume":"193","author":"Biggar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200104150-00016","article-title":"Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection among pregnant women in northeastern Brazil.","volume":"26","author":"Bittencourt","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.2223\/JPED.1573","article-title":"Manifestations of the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I infection in childhood and adolescence.","volume":"82","author":"Bittencourt","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652002000200002","article-title":"No evidence of vertical transmission of HTLV-I in bottle-fed children.","volume":"44","author":"Bittencourt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. S \u00e3o Paulo"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2014.05.009","article-title":"Dried blood spot testing for the antenatal screening of HTLV, HIV, syphilis, toxoplasmosis and hepatitis B and C: prevalence, accuracy and operational aspects.","volume":"18","author":"Boa-Sorte","year":"2014","journal-title":"Braz. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-2315(04)96307-7","article-title":"Infection par le r\u00e9trovirus HTLV-1 et grossesse.","volume":"33","author":"Carles","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Gynecol. Obstet. Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piu070","article-title":"Mother-to-child transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic viruses-1\/2: what we know, and what are the gaps in understanding and preventing this route of infection.","author":"Carneiro-Proietti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pediatric Infect. Dis. Soc."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2006.0140","article-title":"Clinical manifestations associated with HTLV type I infection: a cross-sectional study.","volume":"23","author":"Caskey","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2005.21.521","article-title":"HTLV-2 horizontal and vertical transmission in a family from a Brazilian urban area: seroepidemiological, clinical and molecular study.","volume":"21","author":"Catalan-Soares","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"B24","article-title":"Managing human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) associated adult T-cell leukaemia\/lymphoma in pregnancy and prevention of transmission to the neonate: the UK experience","volume":"927","author":"Cook","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases (ESPID)"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12977-015-0236-7","article-title":"Rapid dissemination of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 during primary infection in transplant recipients.","volume":"13","author":"Cook","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002272","article-title":"Familial transmission of human T-cell lymphotrophic virus: silent dissemination of an emerging but neglected infection.","volume":"7","author":"da Costa","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2013.07.012","article-title":"Clustering of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP) and infective dermatitis associated with HTLV-1 (IDH) in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.","volume":"58","author":"da Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822008000200003","article-title":"Infec\u00e7\u00e3o pelo HTLV 1\/2: atua\u00e7\u00e3o no pr\u00e9-natal como estrat\u00e9gia de controle da doen\u00e7a no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul.","volume":"41","author":"Dal Fabbro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13687","article-title":"Maternal and perinatal complications in pregnant women with urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli.","volume":"44","author":"Dautt-Leyva","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2017.08.001","article-title":"Risk factors for erectile dysfunction in men with HTLV-1.","volume":"14","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1994.10.617","article-title":"HTLV-I\/II seroprevalence in The Gambia: a study of mother-child pairs.","volume":"10","author":"Del Mistro","year":"1994","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24264","article-title":"HTLV-1 viral RNA is detected rarely in plasma of HTLV-1 infected subjects.","volume":"87","author":"Demontis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Risk Assessment of HTLV-I\/II Transmission by Tissue\/Cell Transplantation","DOI":"10.2900\/20140"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s13149-011-0158-4","article-title":"D\u00e9pistage cibl\u00e9 HTLV1 des couples demandant une AMP.","volume":"104","author":"Epelboin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3607","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01249-08","article-title":"New insights into prevalence, genetic diversity, and proviral load of human T-cell leukemia virus types 1 and 2 in pregnant women in Gabon in equatorial central Africa.","volume":"46","author":"Etenna","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12904","article-title":"Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma in a pregnant woman diagnosed as a human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 carrier.","volume":"42","author":"Fuchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy017","article-title":"Natural course of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 proviral DNA levels in carriers during pregnancy.","volume":"217","author":"Fuchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v8020041","article-title":"A potential of an anti-HTLV-I gp46 neutralizing monoclonal antibody (LAT-27) for passive immunization against both horizontal and mother-to-child vertical infection with human T cell leukemia virus type-I.","volume":"8","author":"Fujii","year":"2016","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)93181-l","article-title":"HTLV-I transmission from mother to fetus via placenta.","volume":"340","author":"Fujino","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(99)00322-1","article-title":"Apoptosis in placentas from human T-lymphotropic virus type I- seropositive pregnant women: a possible defense mechanism against transmission from mother to fetus.","volume":"94","author":"Fujino","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v10120691","article-title":"Cytokine networks dysregulation during HTLV-1 infection and associated diseases.","volume":"10","author":"Futsch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03901.x","article-title":"Human T-lymphotropic virus laboratory testing of maternal blood at time of cord blood donations and clinical implications.","volume":"53","author":"Glasser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1590\/s1020-49892007000900001","article-title":"Frequent HTLV-1 infection in the offspring of Peruvian women with HTLV-1 \u2013 associated myelopathy \/ tropical spastic paraparesis or strongyloidiasis.","volume":"22","author":"Gotuzzo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Panam. Salud Publica"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/975135","article-title":"The prevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 in pregnant women and their newborns.","volume":"2012","author":"Hamedi","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISRN Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2956","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.5.2956-2963.2003","article-title":"Expansion of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) reservoir in orally infected rats: inverse correlation with HTLV-1-specific cellular immune response.","volume":"77","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1086\/376531","article-title":"Susceptibility of human T cell leukemia virus type I to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.","volume":"188","author":"Hill","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.87.152","article-title":"Establishment of the milk-borne transmission as a key factor for the peculiar endemicity of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1): the ATL prevention program Nagasaki.","volume":"87","author":"Hino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B Phys. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S199","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199600001-00030","article-title":"Primary prevention of HTLV-I in Japan.","author":"Hino","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol."},{"key":"B49","first-page":"57","article-title":"Primary prevention of HTLV-1 in Japan.","author":"Hino","year":"1997","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B50","first-page":"474","article-title":"Mother-to-child transmission of human T-cell leukemia virus type-I.","volume":"76","author":"Hino","year":"1985","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1086\/429753","article-title":"Reply to Barcellos et al.","volume":"191","author":"Hisada","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1086\/340537","article-title":"Virus markers associated with vertical transmission of human T lymphotropic virus type 1 in Jamaica.","volume":"34","author":"Hisada","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3557","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V92.10.3557","article-title":"Risk factors for adult T-cell leukemia among carriers of human T-lymphotropic virus type I.","volume":"92","author":"Hisada","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0215(20010215)91:4<497::aid-ijc1044>3.0.co;2-a","article-title":"Sex-specific mortality from adult T-cell leukemia among carriers of human T-lymphotropic virus type I.","volume":"91","author":"Hisada","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-5945-13-11","article-title":"Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1- associated infective dermatitis in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.","volume":"13","author":"Hlela","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Dermatol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1080115","article-title":"Spread of HTLV-I between lymphocytes by virus-induced polarization of the cytoskeleton.","volume":"299","author":"Igakura","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00322","article-title":"Adult T-cell leukemia: a review of epidemiological evidence.","volume":"3","author":"Iwanaga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4262","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.7.4262","article-title":"Induction of human T cell leukemia virus type I receptors on quiescent naive T lymphocytes by TGF-beta.","volume":"174","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2004.05.005","article-title":"Immunological risks of adult T-cell leukemia at primary HTLV-I infection.","volume":"12","author":"Kannagi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B60","first-page":"1096","article-title":"The risk of development of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis among persons infected with HTLV-I.","volume":"3","author":"Kaplan","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.70.158","article-title":"A decrease in mother-to-child transmission of human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in Okinawa, Japan.","volume":"70","author":"Kashiwagi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1349-7006.1992.TB02009.X","article-title":"Maternal transmission of HTLV-1 other than through breast milk discrepancy between the polymerase chain reaction positivity of cord blood samples for HTLV-1 and the subsequent seropositivity of individuals.","volume":"83","author":"Kawase","year":"1992","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.05.027","article-title":"Early neurologic abnormalities associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection in a cohort of Peruvian children.","volume":"155","author":"Kendall","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"B64","first-page":"674","article-title":"Milk-borne transmission of HTLV-I from carrier mothers to their children.","volume":"78","author":"Kinoshita","year":"1987","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B65","first-page":"103","article-title":"Demonstration of adult T-cell leukemia virus antigen in milk from three sero-positive mothers.","volume":"75","author":"Kinoshita","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gan"},{"key":"B66","first-page":"1147","article-title":"Oral infection of a common marmoset with human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-I) by inoculating fresh human milk of HTLV-I carrier mothers.","volume":"76","author":"Kinoshita","year":"1985","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117580","article-title":"Risk factors and cofactors for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP) in Jamaica.","volume":"142","author":"Kr\u00e4mer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(91)90119-R","article-title":"Analysis of factors of relevance to rapid clinical progression in HTLV-I-associated myelopathy.","volume":"105","author":"Kuroda","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.149.3.940","article-title":"Identification of new epitopes recognized by human monoclonal antibodies with neutralizing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activities specific for human T cell leukemia virus type 1.","volume":"149","author":"Kuroki","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910400607","article-title":"Mother-to-child transmission of Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1): a fifteen-year follow-up study in Okinawa, Japan.","volume":"40","author":"Kusuhara","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.4.439","article-title":"Clinical, pathologic, and immunologic features of human T-lymphotrophic virus type i\u2013associated infective dermatitis in children.","volume":"134","author":"La Grenade","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92896-p","article-title":"Infective dermatitis of Jamaican children: a marker for HTLV-I infection.","volume":"336","author":"LaGrenade","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2004.03.019","article-title":"Breast milk and infection.","volume":"31","author":"Lawrence","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Perinatol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2014.0248","article-title":"Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, breastfeeding, and antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"31","author":"Leal","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1086\/423941","article-title":"Provirus load in breast milk and risk of mother-to-child transmission of human T lymphotropic virus type I.","volume":"190","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2009000300021","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HTLV-I\/II infection in low-income postpartum and pregnant women in Greater Metropolitan Vit\u00f3ria, Esp\u00edrito Santo State, Brazil.","volume":"25","author":"Lima","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cad. Saude Publica"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-76-1-167","article-title":"Cell-mediated transmission of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I to human malignant trophoblastic cells results in long-term persistent infection.","volume":"76","author":"Liu","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esxm.2018.07.002","article-title":"Human T-lymphotropic virus-1-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis is associated with sexual dysfunction in infected women of reproductive age.","volume":"6","author":"Lopes Martins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex. Med."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-78-5-1007","article-title":"AZT inhibits the transmission of human T cell leukaemia\/lymphoma virus type I to adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.","volume":"78","author":"Macchi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15234","article-title":"Can we reduce the incidence of adult T-cell leukaemia\/lymphoma? Cost-effectiveness of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) antenatal screening in the United Kingdom.","volume":"184","author":"Malik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199802010-00011","article-title":"Incidence of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP) in Jamaica and Trinidad.","volume":"17","author":"Maloney","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1086\/380567","article-title":"Prediagnostic human T lymphotropic virus type I provirus loads were highest in Jamaican children who developed seborrheic dermatitis and severe anemia.","volume":"189","author":"Maloney","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.3.867","article-title":"The relative distribution of T cell subsets is altered in Jamaican children infected with human T cell lymphotropic virus type I.","volume":"172","author":"Maloney","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e136","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.2.e136","article-title":"A cohort study of health effects of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I infection in Jamaican children.","volume":"112","author":"Maloney","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-08-374637","article-title":"Transcytosis of HTLV-1 across a tight human epithelial barrier and infection of subepithelial dendritic cells.","volume":"120","author":"Martin-Latil","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0437-2015","article-title":"Human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 infection: three infected generations in the same family.","volume":"49","author":"Mendes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"B87","first-page":"24","article-title":"Immunoglobulin prophylaxis against HTLV-I in a rabbit model.","author":"Miyoshi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1993.9.869","article-title":"HTLV-I maternal transmission in Martinique, using serology and polymerase chain reaction.","volume":"9","author":"Monplaisir","year":"1993","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1086\/424017","article-title":"Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection and early neurologic development: a pilot study of 48 children.","volume":"39","author":"Montano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00836.x","article-title":"The immune system in pregnancy: a unique complexity.","volume":"63","author":"Mor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.1.192-198.2001","article-title":"Reciprocal interactions between human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and prostaglandins: implications for viral transmission.","volume":"75","author":"Moriuchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4231","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.6.4231","article-title":"A milk protein lactoferrin enhances human T cell leukemia virus type I and suppresses HIV-1 infection.","volume":"166","author":"Moriuchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10074","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-? enhances human T-cell leukemia virus type I infection.","volume":"67","author":"Moriuchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822007000100007","article-title":"Perfil sociodemogr\u00e1fico, epidemiol\u00f3gico e comportamental de mulheres infectadas pelo HTLV-1 em Salvador-Bahia, uma \u00e1rea end\u00eamica para o HTLV.","volume":"40","author":"Moxoto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199600001-00002","article-title":"Findings from the Miyazaki cohort study.","volume":"13","author":"Mueller","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000733","article-title":"A novel mother-to-child human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) transmission model for investigating the role of maternal anti-HTLV-1 antibodies using orally infected mother rats.","volume":"98","author":"Murakami","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"B97","first-page":"1971","article-title":"Prevention of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I infection in Japanese macaques by passive immunization.","volume":"10","author":"Murata","year":"1996","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30735-7","article-title":"Towards the elimination of HTLV-1 infection in Japan.","volume":"19","author":"Nishijima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1992.tb00132.x","article-title":"Novel complications with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis: interstitial cystitis and persistent prostatitis.","volume":"83","author":"Nomata","year":"1992","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2478","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13398","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical features of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma in Japan, 2010-2011: a nationwide survey.","volume":"108","author":"Nosaka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199606010-00013","article-title":"Mother-to-child transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-1 \/ 11) in Gabon?: a prospective follow-up of 4 years.","volume":"12","author":"Nyambi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1990.tb02501.x","article-title":"Simulation of dynamic changes of human T-cell leukemia virus type I carriage rates.","volume":"81","author":"Oguma","year":"1990","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.1992.tb00333.x","article-title":"A sero-epidemiological study on mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-I in southern Kyushu, Japan.","volume":"18","author":"Oki","year":"1992","journal-title":"Asia Oceania J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2009.11.041","article-title":"Prevalence of erectile dysfunction in HTLV-1\u2013infected patients and its association with overactive bladder.","volume":"75","author":"Oliveira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmx039","article-title":"Early onset of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP) and adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma (ATL): systematic search and review.","volume":"64","author":"Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Trop. Pediatr."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.11.009","article-title":"Awareness of mother-to-child transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type I through breastfeeding in a small group of HTLV-positive women in Maripasoula and Papa\u00efchton, French Guiana.","volume":"100","author":"Oni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25939-y","article-title":"Risk factors associated with HTLV-1 vertical transmission in Brazil: longer breastfeeding, higher maternal proviral load and previous HTLV-1-infected offspring.","volume":"8","author":"Paiva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v8020040","article-title":"Mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-1 epidemiological aspects, mechanisms and determinants of mother-to-child transmission.","volume":"8","author":"Percher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000239","article-title":"Maternal HIV infection alters the immune balance in the mother and fetus; implications for pregnancy outcome and infant health.","volume":"11","author":"Pfeifer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00378","article-title":"Pathways of cell-cell transmission of HTLV-1.","volume":"3","author":"Pique","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097-0215(19980504)76:3<331::aid-ijc8>3.3.co;2-0","article-title":"Demographic and familial characteristics of HTLV-I infection among an isolated, highly endemic population of African origin in French Guiana.","volume":"76","author":"Plancoulaine","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3109\/10428190109097685","article-title":"Adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma and cluster of HTLV-I associated diseases in Brazilian settings.","volume":"42","author":"Pombo-De-Oliveira","year":"2001","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2126(01)00108-4","article-title":"Genetic mutation and early onset of T-cell leukemia in pediatric patients infected at birth with HTLV-I.","volume":"26","author":"Pombo-de-Oliveira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Leuk. Res."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6058","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208968","article-title":"Global epidemiology of HTLV-I infection and associated diseases.","volume":"24","author":"Proietti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2011.01.010","article-title":"Seroprevalence of HIV-1, HBV, HTLV-1 and Treponema pallidum among pregnant women in a rural hospital in Southern Ethiopia.","volume":"51","author":"Ramos","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318263215e","article-title":"Blocking vertical transmission of human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 through breastfeeding interruption.","volume":"31","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1590\/S1020-49892010000500002","article-title":"Geographic distribution of human T-lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 among mothers of newborns tested during neonatal screening, Minas Gerais, Brazil.","volume":"27","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Panam. Salud Publica"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm-2017-0313","article-title":"Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of cytokines as disease markers of neurologic manifestation in long-term HTLV-1 infected individuals.","volume":"12","author":"Rosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomark. Med."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200206203462519","article-title":"Adult T-cell leukemia\u2013lymphoma during pregnancy.","volume":"346","author":"Safdar","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12977-014-0074-z","article-title":"The neutralizing function of the anti-HTLV-1 antibody is essential in preventing in vivo transmission of HTLV-1 to human T cells in NOD-SCID\/?cnull (NOG) mice.","volume":"11","author":"Saito","year":"2014","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1990.tb02663.x","article-title":"Identification of HTLV-I sequence in cord blood mononuclear cells of neonates born to HTLV-I antigen antibody-positive mothers by polymerase chain reaction.","volume":"81","author":"Saito","year":"1990","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19901101)66:9<1933::aid-cncr2820660914>3.0.co;2-5","article-title":"Perinatal infection of human T-lymphotropic virus type I, the etiologic virus of adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma. DNA amplification of specific human T-lymphotropic virus type I sequences.","volume":"66","author":"Saji","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00917106","article-title":"Vertical transmission of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I): detection of proviral DNA in HTLV-I carrier gravida.","volume":"9","author":"Saji","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S1201-9712(03)90009-9","article-title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors for human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I) infection among ethnically and geographically diverse Peruvian women.","volume":"7","author":"Sanchez-Palacios","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2014.964700","article-title":"The incidence of adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma among human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 carriers in Japan.","volume":"56","author":"Satake","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/164.6.1193","article-title":"Immunoglobulin prophylaxis against milkborne transmission of human T cell leukemia virus type I in rabbits.","volume":"164","author":"Sawada","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520280028023","article-title":"HTLV-1 proviral DNA in oral aspirates of newborns born to seropositive mothers.","volume":"273","author":"Sawada","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B128","first-page":"468","article-title":"Seroprevalence of retroviral infection in women with different fertility statuses in Gabon, western equatorial Africa.","volume":"4","author":"Schrijvers","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1086\/314854","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus load in breast milk, mastitis, and mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.","volume":"180","author":"Semba","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1997.8978","article-title":"Persistent HTLV-I infection of breast luminal epithelial cells: a role in HTLV transmission.","volume":"241","author":"Southern","year":"1998","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910490508","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of maternal antibody on mother-to-child transmission of human t-lymphotropic virus type I.","volume":"49","author":"Takahashi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2220\/biomedres.31.53","article-title":"Transformation of breast milk macrophages by HTLV-I: implications for HTLV-I transmission via breastfeeding.","volume":"31","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomed. Res."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ229","article-title":"Neurological manifestations in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals without HTLV-1-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis: a longitudinal cohort study.","volume":"61","author":"Tanajura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B134","article-title":"The HTLV European research network international antenatal seroprevalence study (HERNIAS).","author":"Taylor","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-3-63","article-title":"Zidovudine plus lamivudine in human T-lymphotropic virus type-I-associated myelopathy: a randomised trial.","volume":"3","author":"Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"B136","first-page":"195","article-title":"The epidemiology and clinical impact of Htlv infections in Europe.","volume":"1","author":"Taylor","year":"1999","journal-title":"AIDS Rev."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910410406","article-title":"The third nation-wide study on adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma (ATL) in Japan: characteristic patterns of HLA antigen and HTLV-I infection in ATL patients and their relatives. The T- and B-cell Malignancy Study Group.","volume":"41","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy113","article-title":"Increased risk of HIV acquisition among women throughout pregnancy and during the postpartum period: a prospective per-coital-act analysis among women with HIV-infected partners.","volume":"218","author":"Thomson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B139","first-page":"15","article-title":"Effect of human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in seropositive infertile women on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcome.","volume":"12","author":"Torshizi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran. J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1997.8449","article-title":"Epstein\u2013barr virus permissively infects human syncytiotrophoblastsin vitroand induces replication of human T cell leukemia-lymphoma virus type I in dually infected cells.","volume":"229","author":"T\u00f3th","year":"1997","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1995.11.1495","article-title":"Bidirectional enhancing activities between human T cell leukemia-lymphoma virus type I and human cytomegalovirus in human term syncytiotrophoblast cells cultured in vitro.","volume":"11","author":"T\u00f3th","year":"1995","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.86.1.11","article-title":"Prevention of mother-to-child transmission human T-lymphotropic virus type-I.","volume":"86","author":"Tsuji","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.26289","article-title":"Proviral loads of human T-lymphotropic virus Type 1 in asymptomatic carriers with different infection routes.","volume":"130","author":"Ueno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B144","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antenatal"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097-0215(19990909)82:6<832::aid-ijc11>3.0.co;2-p","article-title":"Mother-to-child transmission of human T-cell-leukemia\/lymphoma virus type I: implication of high antiviral antibody titer and high proviral load in carrier mothers.","volume":"82","author":"Ureta-Vidal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.1996.tb01077.x","article-title":"A case of pregnancy with adult T-cell leukemia.","volume":"22","author":"Utsumi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-011-2211-4","article-title":"Stopping breastfeeding to prevent vertical transmission of HTLV-1 in resource-poor settings: beneficial or harmful?","volume":"286","author":"van Tienen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2011.0219","article-title":"Maternal proviral load and vertical transmission of human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 in Guinea-Bissau.","volume":"28","author":"Van Tienen","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy289\/4975518","article-title":"Early juvenile human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1\u2013 associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis: study of 25 patients.","volume":"67","author":"Varandas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)90387-7","article-title":"Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I infection and pregnancy: a case-control study and 12-month follow-up of 135 women and their infants.","volume":"165","author":"Ville","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"B151","first-page":"1162","article-title":"Mother-to-child transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in Jamaica association with antibodies to envelope glycoprotein (gp46) epitopes.","volume":"6","author":"Wiktor","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"B152","first-page":"37","article-title":"Mother-to-child transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I associated with prolonged breast-feeding.","volume":"1","author":"Wiktor","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Hum. Virol."},{"key":"B153","first-page":"481","article-title":"Oral transmission of human T-cell leukemia virus type-I into a common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) as an experimental model for milk-borne transmission.","volume":"76","author":"Yamanouchi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822009000100007","article-title":"Preval\u00eancia da infec\u00e7\u00e3o pelo v\u00edrus linfotr\u00f3pico humano de c\u00e9lulas T - HTLV-1\/2 entre pu\u00e9rperas de Cuiab\u00e1, Estado de Mato Grosso, 2006.","volume":"42","author":"Ydy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(93)90103-6","article-title":"Three cases of juvenile onset HTLV-I-associated myelopathy with pseudohypoparathyroidism.","volume":"118","author":"Yoshida","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1349-7006.1995.TB02448.X","article-title":"A maternal risk factor for mother-to-child HTLV-I transmission: viral antigen-producing capacities in culture of peripheral blood and breast milk cells.","volume":"86","author":"Yoshinaga","year":"1995","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001705","article-title":"Living invisible: HTLV-1-infected persons and the lack of care in public health.","volume":"6","author":"Zihlmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00999\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]],"date-time":"2023-09-16T10:10:58Z","timestamp":1694859058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00999\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]]},"references-count":157,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00999"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00999","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]]},"article-number":"999"}}