{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:11:51Z","timestamp":1790107911895,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]],"date-time":"2019-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]],"date-time":"2019-10-24T00:52:00Z","timestamp":1571878320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":136,"title":["Skin Exposure to Narrow Band Ultraviolet (UVB) Light Modulates the Human Intestinal Microbiome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Else S.","family":"Bosman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianne Y.","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harvey","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan P.","family":"Dutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce A.","family":"Vallance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3581","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i13.3581","article-title":"Serum vitamin D and colonic vitamin D receptor in inflammatory bowel disease.","volume":"22","author":"Abreu-Delgado","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu235","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency promotes epithelial barrier dysfunction and intestinal inflammation.","volume":"210","author":"Assa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.323","article-title":"Vitamin D Production after UVB Exposure Depends on Baseline Vitamin D and Total Cholesterol but Not on Skin Pigmentation.","volume":"130","author":"Bogh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24165","article-title":"Ultraviolet B light attenuates the systemic immune response in central nervous system autoimmunity.","volume":"75","author":"Breuer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370214523890","article-title":"Vitamin D immune regulation, the microbiota, and inflammatory bowel disease.","volume":"239","author":"Cantorna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12939","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease and immunonutrition: novel therapeutic approaches through modulation of diet and the gut microbiome.","volume":"155","author":"Celiberto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2015.06.015","article-title":"Significant differences in fecal microbiota are asssociateed with various stages of glycose tokerance in African American male veterans.","volume":"166","author":"Ciubotaru","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl Res."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00627","article-title":"Role of Vitamin D in the hygiene hypothesis: the interplay between Vitamin, D., Vitamin D receptors, gut microbiota, and immune response.","volume":"7","author":"Clark","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e116","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00127-16","article-title":"Microbiome helper: a custom and streamlined workflow for microbiome research.","volume":"2","author":"Comeau","year":"2017","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027492","article-title":"Arctic ocean microbial community structure before and after the 2007 Record Sea Ice Minimum.","volume":"6","author":"Comeau","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090731","article-title":"Seasonal variation in human gut microbiome composition.","volume":"9","author":"Davenport","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.32","article-title":"Temporal and spatial interplay of microbiota and intestinal mucosa drive establishment of immune homeostasis in conventionalized mice.","volume":"5","author":"El Aidy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mucosal. Immunol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0603-4","article-title":"A comparative study of the gut microbiota in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases\u2014does a common dysbiosis exist?","volume":"6","author":"Forbes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.06.011","article-title":"Evaluation of a 12-week targeted vitamin D supplementation regimen in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease.","volume":"37","author":"Garg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19381980.2015.1137400","article-title":"The role of geographical ecological studies in identifying diseases linked to UVB exposure and\/or vitamin, D.","volume":"8","author":"Grant","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermato-endocrinology"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-015-1125-0","article-title":"Inter- and intra-individual variations in seasonal and daily stabilities of the human gut microbiota in Japanese.","volume":"197","author":"Hisada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2002.20731.x","article-title":"Sunlight and vitamin D: both good for cardiovascular health.","volume":"17","author":"Holick","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11234","article-title":"Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome.","volume":"486","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-014-1530-1","article-title":"Narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy ameliorates acute graft-versus-host disease by a mechanism involving in vivo expansion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells.","volume":"99","author":"Iyama","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3118","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980018002057","article-title":"Estimated vitamin D synthesis and dietary vitamin D intake among Asians in two distinct geographical locations (Kuala Lumpur, 3\u00b0N v. Aberdeen, 57\u00b0N) and climates.","volume":"21","author":"Jamil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14106","article-title":"Faecal microbiota from patients with cirrhosis has a low capacity to ferment non-digestible carbohydrates into short-chain fatty acids.","volume":"39","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01983","article-title":"randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.","volume":"103","author":"Kanhere","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G208","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00398.2007","article-title":"Novel role of the vitamin D receptor in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier.","volume":"294","author":"Kong","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJP Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10030268","article-title":"MS Sunshine study: sun exposure but not Vitamin D is associated with multiple sclerosis risk in blacks and hispanics.","volume":"10","author":"Langer-Gould","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3983","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI65842","article-title":"Intestinal epithelial Vitamin D receptor signaling inhibits experimental colitis.","volume":"123","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132036","article-title":"ultraviolet exposure, geographical location, and inflammatory bowel disease activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"10","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.01.007","article-title":"Gut microbiota interactions with the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in normal individuals.","volume":"69","author":"Luthold","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fix153","article-title":"Identification of universal gut microbial biomarkers of common human intestinal diseases by meta-analysis.","volume":"93","author":"Mancabelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.23.2832","article-title":"Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis.","volume":"296","author":"Munger","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04601.x","article-title":"Low exposure to sunlight is a risk factor for Crohn\u2019s disease.","volume":"33","author":"Nerich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.180794","article-title":"Vitamin D regulates the gut microbiome and protects mice from dextran sodium sulfate \u2013 induced colitis 1 \u2013 3.","volume":"143","author":"Ooi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2014.12.026","article-title":"Vitamin D production after UVB exposure \u2013 A comparison of exposed skin regions.","volume":"143","author":"Osmancevic","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_473_17","article-title":"Duration of casual sunlight exposure necessary for adequate Vitamin D status in Indian Men.","volume":"22","author":"Patwardhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools.","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-018-2261-8","article-title":"Benchmarking differential expression analysis tools for RNA-Seq: normalization-based vs. log-ratio transformation-based methods.","volume":"19","author":"Quinn","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.53","article-title":"Effective treatment of psoriasis with narrow-band UVB phototherapy is linked to suppression of the IFN and Th17 pathways.","volume":"131","author":"R\u00e1cz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12591","article-title":"Vitamin D administration leads to a shift of the intestinal bacterial composition in Crohn\u2019s disease patients, but not in healthy controls.","volume":"19","author":"Sch\u00e4ffler","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dig. Dis."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-s1-p47","article-title":"Microbial community function and biomarker discovery in the human microbiome.","volume":"12","author":"Segata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuw045","article-title":"Intestinal microbiome landscaping: insight in community assemblage and implications for microbial modulation strategies.","volume":"41","author":"Shetty","year":"2017","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2008.00333.x","article-title":"Narrowband ultraviolet B radiation suppresses contact hypersensitivity.","volume":"24","author":"Shintani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1072670","article-title":"VDR\/vitamin D receptor regulates autophagic activity through ATG16L1.","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111.e","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.018","article-title":"Host and environmental factors influencing individual human cytokine responses.","volume":"167","author":"ter Horst","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2017.3129","article-title":"Clinical assessment of skin phototypes: watch your words!","volume":"27","author":"Trakatelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12567","article-title":"Inadequate sunlight exposure in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.","volume":"19","author":"Vernia","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dig. Dis."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.02.012","article-title":"Lactoferrin stimulates the expression of vitamin D receptor in vitamin D deficient mice.","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.06.001","article-title":"Seasonality and autoimmune diseases: the contribution of the four seasons to the mosaic of autoimmunity.","volume":"82","author":"Watad","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-018-1842-7","article-title":"Vitamin D and the gut microbiome: a systematic review of in vivo studies.","volume":"58","author":"Waterhouse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2014.12.001","article-title":"Rapid suppression of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase activity in keratinocytes by vitamin, D.","volume":"148","author":"Zou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02410\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]],"date-time":"2019-10-24T00:52:05Z","timestamp":1571878325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02410\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02410"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02410","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]},"article-number":"2410"}}