{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:33:29Z","timestamp":1787790809679,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T05:27:55Z","timestamp":1589866075000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Antifungal Activity and Mode of Action of Miltefosine Against Clinical Isolates of Candida krusei"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yongqin","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.17.2659","article-title":"Candida krusei fungemia. An escalating serious infection in immunocompromised patients.","volume":"160","author":"Abbas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2174\/138920009787846332","article-title":"Cellular transport and lipid interactions of miltefosine.","volume":"10","author":"Barratt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt282","article-title":"In vitro activity of miltefosine as a single agent and in combination with voriconazole or posaconazole against uncommon filamentous fungal pathogens.","volume":"68","author":"Biswas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02198-16","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of miltefosine in children and adults with cutaneous leishmaniasis.","volume":"61","author":"Castro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B5","year":"2017","journal-title":"Performance Standards for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts. CLSI Supplement M"},{"key":"B6","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing. CLSI Supplement M59"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02976","article-title":"Nanocarriers provide sustained antifungal activity for amphotericin B and miltefosine in the topical treatment of murine vaginal candidiasis.","volume":"10","author":"de Bastiani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e339","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30103-8","article-title":"Global burden of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: a systematic review.","volume":"18","author":"Denning","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks275","article-title":"Miltefosine: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of leishmaniasis.","volume":"67","author":"Dorlo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6975","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01005-15","article-title":"Rapid development of Candida krusei echinocandin resistance during caspofungin therapy.","volume":"59","author":"Forastiero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02717","article-title":"Genetic differentiation, diversity, and drug susceptibility of Candida krusei.","volume":"9","author":"Gong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136185","article-title":"Overexpression of both ERG11 and ABC2 genes might be responsible for itraconazole resistance in clinical isolates of Candida krusei.","volume":"10","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00352","article-title":"The epidemiology and susceptibility of candidemia in jerusalem, Israel.","volume":"9","author":"Israel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3550","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02367-14","article-title":"Echinocandin failure case due to a previously unreported FKS1 mutation in Candida krusei.","volume":"58","author":"Jensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.01.007","article-title":"Effect of caspofungin and micafungin in combination with farnesol against Candida parapsilosis biofilms.","volume":"47","author":"Kovacs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1315399","article-title":"Invasive candidiasis.","volume":"373","author":"Kullberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2018.07.005","article-title":"Presence of L701M mutation in the FKS1 gene of echinocandin-susceptible Candida krusei isolates.","volume":"92","author":"Lallitto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i4","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx444","article-title":"Changes in the epidemiological landscape of invasive candidiasis.","volume":"73","author":"Lamoth","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01095-08","article-title":"Abc1p is a multidrug efflux transporter that tips the balance in favor of innate azole resistance in Candida krusei.","volume":"53","author":"Lamping","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy747","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of an allometric miltefosine regimen for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in eastern african children: an open-label, Phase II clinical trial.","volume":"68","author":"Mbui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg301","article-title":"Synergy, antagonism, and what the chequerboard puts between them.","volume":"52","author":"Odds","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2016.1155629","article-title":"Antifungal potential of Sideroxylon obtusifolium and Syzygium cumini and their mode of action against Candida albicans.","volume":"54","author":"Pereira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01915-07","article-title":"Candida krusei, a multidrug-resistant opportunistic fungal pathogen: geographic and temporal trends from the ARTEMIS DISK antifungal surveillance program, 2001 to 2005.","volume":"46","author":"Pfaller","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1038\/nport.2008.141","article-title":"A simple and reproducible 96-well plate-based method for the formation of fungal biofilms and its application to antifungal susceptibility testing.","volume":"3","author":"Pierce","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01651-19","article-title":"Mechanisms of acquired in vivo and in vitro resistance to voriconazole by Candida krusei following exposure to suboptimal drug concentration.","volume":"64","author":"Ricardo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2018.11.011","article-title":"Biofilms and vulvovaginal candidiasis.","volume":"174","author":"Rodriguez-Cerdeira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Coll. Surf. B Biointerf."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.12.020","article-title":"Miltefosine is fungicidal to Paracoccidioides spp. yeast cells but subinhibitory concentrations induce melanisation.","volume":"49","author":"Rossi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2012.11.002","article-title":"Risk factors and outcomes of Candida krusei bloodstream infection: a matched, case-control study.","volume":"66","author":"Schuster","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.06.067","article-title":"Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.","volume":"214","author":"Sobel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2018.1476490","article-title":"Current treatment options for vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by azole-resistant Candida species.","volume":"19","author":"Sobel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5187","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S205350","article-title":"Alginate nanoparticles as non-toxic delivery system for miltefosine in the treatment of candidiasis and cryptococcosis.","volume":"14","author":"Spadari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00312-18","article-title":"Miltefosine has a postantifungal effect and induces Apoptosis in cryptococcus yeasts.","volume":"62","author":"Spadari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01382-06","article-title":"In vitro activities of miltefosine and two novel antifungal biscationic salts against a panel of 77 dermatophytes.","volume":"51","author":"Tong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01594","article-title":"Antifungal activity and mechanism of action of the Co(III) coordination complexes with diamine chelate ligands against reference and clinical strains of Candida spp.","volume":"9","author":"Turecka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2018.1436967","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of miltefosine monotherapy and pentoxifylline associated with pentavalent antimony in treating mucosal leishmaniasis.","volume":"16","author":"Ventin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti. Infect. Ther."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.07.022","article-title":"Miltefosine inhibits Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida spp. biofilms and impairs the dispersion of infectious cells.","volume":"48","author":"Vila","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7611","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01890-15","article-title":"In vitro activity of miltefosine against candida albicans under planktonic and biofilm growth conditions and in vivo efficacy in a murine model of oral candidiasis.","volume":"59","author":"Vila","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks353","article-title":"Effect of alkylphospholipids on Candida albicans biofilm formation and maturation.","volume":"68","author":"Vila","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004880","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ambisome in combination with sodium stibogluconate or miltefosine and miltefosine monotherapy for african visceral leishmaniasis: phase II randomized trial.","volume":"10","author":"Wasunna","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.2.414-421.2006","article-title":"Hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) has broad-spectrum fungicidal activity and is efficacious in a mouse model of cryptococcosis.","volume":"50","author":"Widmer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02063-19","article-title":"In vitro antifungal susceptibility of the emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen candida auris to miltefosine alone and in combination with amphotericin B.","volume":"64","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.111.072322","article-title":"Miltefosine induces apoptosis-like cell death in yeast via Cox9p in cytochrome c oxidase.","volume":"80","author":"Zuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00854\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T05:28:00Z","timestamp":1589866080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00854\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00854"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00854","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"article-number":"854"}}