{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:32:30Z","timestamp":1790836350140,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007356","name":"Fondation M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007356","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human urine was considered sterile for a long time. However, 416 species have been previously cultured, including only 40 anaerobic species. Here, we used culturomics, particularly those targeting anaerobes, to better understand the urinary microbiota. By testing 435 urine samples, we isolated 450 different bacterial species, including 256 never described in urine of which 18 were new species. Among the bacterial species identified, 161 were anaerobes (35%). This study increased the known urine repertoire by 39%. Among the 672 bacterial species isolated now at least once from urine microbiota, 431 (64.1%) were previously isolated from gut microbiota, while only 213 (31.7%) were previously isolated from vagina. These results suggest that many members of the microbiota in the urinary tract are in fact derived from the gut, and a paradigm shift is thus needed in our understanding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.513305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T04:28:54Z","timestamp":1602822534000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["RETRACTED: Deciphering the Urinary Microbiota Repertoire by Culturomics Reveals Mostly Anaerobic Bacteria From the Gut"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Gr\u00e9gory","family":"Dubourg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Morand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Mekhalif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Godefroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Corthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdourahamane","family":"Yacouba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ami","family":"Diakite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florent","family":"Cornu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Cresci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samy","family":"Brahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lia","family":"Caputo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Lechevallier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Tsimaratos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Moal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Lagier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Raoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2017.11.003","article-title":"Taxonogenomic description of four new Clostridium species isolated from human gut: \u2018Clostridium amazonitimonense\u2019, \u2018Clostridium merdae\u2019, \u2018Clostridium massilidielmoense\u2019 and \u2018Clostridium nigeriense\u2019.","volume":"21","author":"Alou","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect."},{"key":"B2","author":"Bennett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett\u2019s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001058","article-title":"Urinary microbiota - a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for bladder cancer.","volume":"68","author":"Bi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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