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Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Air pollution is a leading cause of increasing infectious lung diseases. Pulmonary cryptococcosis is a fatal fungal pneumonia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. In some cases, the pathogen <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic> also develops dormant nodules in immunocompetent individuals. In the present study, we demonstrated that fine particulate matter (PM<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>.<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>) increased CD146 expression in alveolar epithelial cells and promoted <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic> pulmonary infection. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling was required for increased expression of CD146 in epithelial cells treated with PM<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>.<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>. In a murine model of pulmonary infection, PM<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>.<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub> promoted fungal infection, and CD146 deficiency decreased the fugal burden of <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>. Our study may highlight the importance of air pollution to lung mycosis and CD146 as a target for preventing infectious lung diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.525976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T11:40:22Z","timestamp":1610970022000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Promotes CD146 Expression in Alveolar Epithelial Cells and Cryptococcus neoformans Pulmonary Infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Zhixiao","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ningfei","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingxian","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengxia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongqi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingshun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v29i5.13","article-title":"Indoor culturable fungal load and associated factors among public primary school classrooms in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018: a cross-sectional study.","volume":"29","author":"Andualem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ethiop. 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