{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T17:38:48Z","timestamp":1781977128137,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012421","name":"Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.544097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T13:57:13Z","timestamp":1605535033000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Dietary Supplementation of \u03b5-Polylysine Beneficially Affects Ileal Microbiota Structure and Function in Ningxiang Pigs"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xuelei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenping","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoyang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunlin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhichang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duanqin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianghua","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuzhong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.741","article-title":"Bacteria and host interactions in the gut epithelial barrier.","volume":"8","author":"Ashida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-017-2467-5","article-title":"The effect of aspartate supplementation on the microbial composition and innate immunity on mice.","volume":"49","author":"Bin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4516","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000080107","article-title":"Global patterns of 16S rRNA diversity at a depth of millions of sequences per sample.","volume":"108","author":"Caporaso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.05.021","article-title":"Control of foodborne pathogens on ready-to-eat roast beef slurry by \u03b5-polylysine.","volume":"141","author":"Chang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01057","article-title":"Alpha-ketoglutarate in low-protein diets for growing pigs: effects on cecal microbial communities and parameters of microbial metabolism.","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R900010-JLR200","article-title":"Bile acids: regulation of synthesis.","volume":"50","author":"Chiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1644-y","article-title":"The microbiota regulate neuronal function and fear extinction learning.","volume":"574","author":"Chu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18563","article-title":"Gut bacterial diversity of the tribes of India and comparison with the worldwide data.","volume":"5","author":"Dehingia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5186","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.10.5186-5190.2002","article-title":"Acetate utilization and butyryl coenzyme A (CoA): acetate-CoA transferase in butyrate-producing bacteria from the human large intestine.","volume":"68","author":"Duncan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.2527\/jas2016.0544","article-title":"SID lysine requirement of immunologically and physically castrated male pigs during the grower, early and late finisher periods.","volume":"95","author":"Elsbernd","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-2618-2-6","article-title":"An improved dual-indexing approach for multiplexed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform.","volume":"2","author":"Fadrosh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2012.156","article-title":"The role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health.","volume":"9","author":"Flint","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116465","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii from calves and piglets.","volume":"9","author":"Foditsch","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M404","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.2005.tb08325.x","article-title":"Activity of \u03b5\u2013polylysine against Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes.","volume":"70","author":"Geornaras","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2007.00510.x","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of \u03f5-polylysine against Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes in various food extracts.","volume":"72","author":"Geornaras","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"B16","article-title":"AOAC official method 978.10. fiber (crude) in animal feed","author":"Horwitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 18th ed. AOAC International."},{"key":"B17","first-page":"30","article-title":"AOAC official method 990.03. protein (crude) in animal feed, combustion method","author":"Horwitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International 18th ed. AOAC International"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3746\/pnf.2015.20.1.43","article-title":"Dietary \u03f5-Polylysine decreased serum and liver lipid contents by enhancing fecal lipid excretion irrespective of increased hepatic fatty acid biosynthesis-related enzymes activities in rats.","volume":"20","author":"Hosomi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prevent. Nutr. Food Sci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.11.006","article-title":"A microbiota-derived bacteriocin targets the host to confer diarrhea resistance in early-weaned piglets.","volume":"24","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731115000919","article-title":"Dietary fiber utilization and its effects on physiological functions and gut health of swine.","volume":"9","author":"Jha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-018-0233-5","article-title":"Dietary proline supplementation alters colonic luminal microbiota and bacterial metabolite composition between days 45 and 70 of pregnancy in Huanjiang mini-pigs.","volume":"9","author":"Ji","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-010-0051-9","article-title":"Fractionation and characterization of \u03f5-poly-l-lysine from Streptomyces albulus CGMCC 1986.","volume":"19","author":"Jia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.119","article-title":"Bile acid\u2013microbiota crosstalk in gastrointestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis.","volume":"15","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.010132","article-title":"Energy-balance studies reveal associations between gut microbes, caloric load, and nutrient absorption in humans.","volume":"94","author":"Jumpertz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.6.1887","article-title":"\u03b5-Polylysine inhibits pancreatic lipase activity and suppresses postprandial hypertriacylglyceridemia in rats.","volume":"133","author":"Kido","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2011.11134","article-title":"Effects of dietary lysine and energy levels on growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients in weanling pigs.","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Austral. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.02241-0","article-title":"International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology.","volume":"52","author":"Krizova","year":"2002","journal-title":"Soc. Gen. Microbiol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2676","article-title":"Predictive functional profiling of microbial communities using 16S rRNA marker gene sequences.","volume":"31","author":"Langille","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.02.007","article-title":"Effect of Lactobacillus salivarius Ls-33 on fecal microbiota in obese adolescents.","volume":"32","author":"Larsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky404.1068","article-title":"PSX-35 Effects of dietary plant extracts on growth performance and intestinal microbiota composition in weaned piglets.","volume":"96","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32835665fa","article-title":"Butyrate: implications for intestinal function.","volume":"15","author":"Leonel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr507","article-title":"FLASH: fast length adjustment of short reads to improve genome assemblies.","volume":"27","author":"Mago\u010d","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2017.11.002","article-title":"Role of bile acids in metabolic control.","volume":"29","author":"Molinaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep09938","article-title":"Dynamic distribution of the gut microbiota and the relationship with apparent crude fiber digestibility and growth stages in pigs.","volume":"5","author":"Niu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9706","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201802681RR","article-title":"The PPAR\u2013microbiota\u2013metabolic organ trilogy to fine-tune physiology.","volume":"33","author":"Oh","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yclnex.2016.01.003","article-title":"Food for thought: the role of nutrition in the microbiota-gut\u2013brain axis.","volume":"6","author":"Oriach","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr. Exp."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3123","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu494","article-title":"STAMP: statistical analysis of taxonomic and functional profiles.","volume":"30","author":"Parks","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2010.01.004","article-title":"In vitro immunomodulatory activity of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 and Lactobacillus salivarius CECT5713: two probiotic strains isolated from human breast milk.","volume":"215","author":"Perez-Cano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.192120","article-title":"Dietary arginine supplementation of mice alters the microbial population and activates intestinal innate immunity.","volume":"144","author":"Ren","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241214","article-title":"Gut microbiota from twins discordant for obesity modulate metabolism in mice.","volume":"341","author":"Ridaura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2584","article-title":"VSEARCH: a versatile open source tool for metagenomics.","volume":"4","author":"Rognes","year":"2016","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25973","article-title":"Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota.","volume":"555","author":"Rothschild","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.4141\/A98-057","article-title":"Whole-body protein metabolism and plasma profiles of amino acids and hormones in growing barrows fed diets adequate or deficient in lysine.","volume":"80","author":"Roy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas77-075","article-title":"Apparent availabilities of amino acids in corn, wheat and barley for growing pigs.","volume":"57","author":"Sauer","year":"1977","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.07.003","article-title":"Starving our microbial self: the deleterious consequences of a diet deficient in microbiota-accessible carbohydrates.","volume":"20","author":"Sonnenburg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-4931(99)00055-7","article-title":"Physicochemical interaction of a lipophilic derivative of HAV antigen VP3 (110\u2013121) with lipid monolayers.","volume":"8","author":"Sospedra","year":"","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0801(199904)13:2<159::AID-BMC846>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Interaction of polylysine-[HAV-VP3 peptide] constructs with DPPC mono and bilayers.","volume":"13","author":"Sospedra","year":"","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2016-0130","article-title":"Roseburia spp.: a marker of health?","volume":"12","author":"Tamanai-Shacoori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M600168-JLR200","article-title":"Antiobesity action of \u03b5-polylysine, a potent inhibitor of pancreatic lipase.","volume":"47","author":"Tsujita","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k2179","article-title":"Role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health.","volume":"361","author":"Valdes","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1071\/AN16799","article-title":"Pyrosequencing-based analysis of the complex microbiota located in the gastrointestinal tracts of growing-finishing pigs.","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Product. Sci."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2018.01.006","article-title":"Diabetic cognitive dysfunction is associated with increased bile acids in liver and activation of bile acid signaling in intestine.","volume":"287","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2009.09.051","article-title":"Investigation of porcine endogenous retrovirus in the conservation population of Ningxiang pig.","volume":"41","author":"Xing","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transpl. Proc."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00169","article-title":"Physiological effects of dietary amino acids on gut health and functions of swine.","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4153","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO00973B","article-title":"Long-term effects of lysine concentration on growth performance, intestinal microbiome, and metabolic profiles in a pig model.","volume":"9","author":"Yin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41538-017-0006-0","article-title":"Food-grade cationic antimicrobial \u03b5-polylysine transiently alters the gut microbial community and predicted metagenome function in CD-1 mice.","volume":"1","author":"You","year":"2017","journal-title":"NPJ Sci. Food"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.13343\/j.cnki.wsxb.20190107","article-title":"Effect of low-protein diet on hormones associated with growth and on gut microbiota in weaned piglets.","volume":"58","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Microbiol. Sin."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2012.12555","article-title":"Effects of dietary lysine levels on apparent nutrient digestibility and serum amino acid absorption mode in growing pigs.","volume":"26","author":"Zeng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Austral. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00785","article-title":"Fecal microbiota and its correlation with fatty acids and free amino acids metabolism in piglets after a Lactobacillus strain oral administration.","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.165","article-title":"Host adaptive immunity alters gut microbiota.","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-011-9906-4","article-title":"Modulatory effects of Lactobacillus salivarius on intestinal mucosal immunity of piglets.","volume":"62","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.12.040","article-title":"A photopolymerized antimicrobial hydrogel coating derived from epsilon-poly-L-lysine.","volume":"32","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2020.544097\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T13:57:19Z","timestamp":1605535039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2020.544097\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2020.544097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2020.544097","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]},"article-number":"544097"}}