{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T05:34:22Z","timestamp":1790487262903,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.558482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T07:58:44Z","timestamp":1598860724000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["In vitro Photodynamic Therapy of Polymicrobial Biofilms Commonly Associated With Otitis Media"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kirsten L.","family":"Bair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gal","family":"Shafirstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony A.","family":"Campagnari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.20114","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy of cancer: an update.","volume":"61","author":"Agostinis","year":"2011","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.158.2.559","article-title":"Identification of an active disaccharide unit of a glycoconjugate receptor for pneumococci attaching to human pharyngeal epithelial cells.","volume":"158","author":"Andersson","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.03006","article-title":"Moraxella catarrhalis promotes stable polymicrobial biofilms with the major otopathogens.","volume":"10","author":"Bair","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1086\/647933","article-title":"Acute otitis media caused by Moraxella catarrhalis: epidemiologic and clinical characteristics.","volume":"49","author":"Broides","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23168","article-title":"An optical surface applicator for intraoperative photodynamic therapy.","volume":"52","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841x.2018.1467876","article-title":"Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy - what we know and what we don\u2019t.","volume":"44","author":"Cieplik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000243163.85163.a8","article-title":"Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and of reduction of antibiotic use on nasopharyngeal carriage of nonsusceptible pneumococci in children with acute otitis media.","volume":"25","author":"Cohen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02726.x","article-title":"Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.","volume":"15","author":"Dagan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2009.10.008","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy for localized infections\u2013state of the art.","volume":"6","author":"Dai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1086\/516477","article-title":"Relationship between nasopharyngeal colonization and the development of otitis media in children. Tonawanda\/williamsville pediatrics.","volume":"175","author":"Faden","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.2.202","article-title":"Direct detection of bacterial biofilms on the middle-ear mucosa of children with chronic otitis media.","volume":"296","author":"Hall-Stoodley","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkf053","article-title":"Polycationic photosensitizer conjugates: effects of chain length and Gram classification on the photodynamic inactivation of bacteria.","volume":"49","author":"Hamblin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128606","article-title":"Otopathogens detected in middle ear fluid obtained during tympanostomy tube insertion: contrasting purulent and non-purulent effusions.","volume":"10","author":"Holder","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20568","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo photodynamic therapy of otitis media in gerbils.","volume":"119","author":"Jung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2017.07.003","article-title":"Can microbial cells develop resistance to oxidative stress in antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation?","volume":"31","author":"Kashef","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updat."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.68.5.2756-2765.2000","article-title":"Passive transfer of antiserum specific for immunogens derived from a nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae adhesin and lipoprotein D prevents otitis media after heterologous challenge.","volume":"68","author":"Kennedy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3398-9","article-title":"Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in children with acute otitis media- high risk of persistent colonization after treatment.","volume":"18","author":"Korona-Glowniak","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00775-017-1514-8","article-title":"Porphyrin-polymer nanocompartments: singlet oxygen generation and antimicrobial activity.","volume":"23","author":"Lanzilotto","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biol. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13241","article-title":"Photoinactivation of Moraxella catarrhalis using 405-nm blue light: implications for the treatment of otitis media.","volume":"96","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00492-20","article-title":"Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with chlorin e6 is bactericidal against biofilms of the primary human otopathogens.","volume":"5","author":"Luke-Marshall","year":"2020","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22287","article-title":"Moraxella catarrhalis is susceptible to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with Photofrin.","volume":"46","author":"Luke-Marshall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.15171\/jlms.2018.29","article-title":"Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: an effective alternative approach to control bacterial infections.","volume":"9","author":"Mahmoudi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.2174\/138955709788681582","article-title":"A new strategy to destroy antibiotic resistant microorganisms: antimicrobial photodynamic treatment.","volume":"9","author":"Maisch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mini. Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1039\/c5pp00037h","article-title":"Resistance to antimicrobial photodynamic inactivatiof of bacteria.","volume":"14","author":"Maisch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2744","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00488-12","article-title":"Pneumococcal interactions with epithelial cells are crucial for optimal biofilm formation and colonization In Vitro and In Vivo.","volume":"80","author":"Marks","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1086\/599375","article-title":"Moraxella catarrhalis, a human respiratory tract pathogen.","volume":"49","author":"Murphy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22313","article-title":"A new finite element approach for near real-time simulation of light propagation in locally advanced head and neck tumors.","volume":"47","author":"Oakley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"B28","first-page":"2410","article-title":"Acute otitis media: part II. Treatment in an era of increasing antibiotic resistance.","volume":"61","author":"Pichichero","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Phys."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01235-16","article-title":"Host physiologic changes induced by influenza a virus lead to Satphyolococcus aureus biofilm dispersion and transition from asymptomatic colonizatio to invasive disease.","volume":"7","author":"Reddinger","year":"2016","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1983","article-title":"Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization during acute otitis media.","volume":"117","author":"Revai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2020.111893","article-title":"Global priority multidrug-resistant pathogens do not resist photodynamic therapy.","volume":"208","author":"Sabino","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201509-650FR","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy of non-small cell lung cancer. Narrative review and future directions.","volume":"13","author":"Shafirstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.03.037","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in pathogens causing acute otitis media in Finnish children.","volume":"85","author":"Sillanpaa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.2174\/1574891x113089990012","article-title":"Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy to kill Gram-negative bacteria.","volume":"8","author":"Sperandio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Recent Pat. Antiinfect. Drug Discov."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2015.00033","article-title":"Photosensitizing nanoparticles and the modulation of ROS generation.","volume":"3","author":"Tada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.50.4.1402-1410.2006","article-title":"Protease-stable polycationic photosensitizer conjugates between polyethyleneimine and chlorin(e6) for broad-spectrum antimicrobial photoinactivation.","volume":"50","author":"Tegos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24142669","article-title":"Porphyrin as diagnostic and therapeutic agent.","volume":"24","author":"Tsolekile","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30268-7","article-title":"Photoantimicrobials-are we afraid of light?","volume":"17","author":"Wainwright","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.09.030","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children with acute otitis media treatment failure.","volume":"79","author":"Zielnik-Jurkiewicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2020.558482\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T07:58:48Z","timestamp":1598860728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fmicb.2020.558482\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2020.558482"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2020.558482","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]]},"article-number":"558482"}}