{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T01:39:46Z","timestamp":1775871586304,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31770013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31770013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81571967"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81571967"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 73-year-old female suffering from acute myeloid leukemia presented with progressive rhinofacial mycosis. Suspecting it to be mucormycosis, the antifungal amphotericin B (AMB) was administered empirically, but the patient did not respond as planned. The fungus was then isolated from the biopsied tissue and morphologically identified as a species of <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>. Necrosis progressed and she died of cerebral hemorrhage. Since <jats:italic>Aspergillus flavus<\/jats:italic> is susceptible to AMB, and several other <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> species can be misidentified as <jats:italic>A. flavus<\/jats:italic>, the observed resistance necessitated a re-examination of the fungal isolate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The fungal strain was re-isolated and re-examined morphologically. Additionally, genomic DNA was extracted from the fungus and sequences were obtained from three genomic regions [the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and portions of the \u03b2-tubulin and calmodulin genes] to more accurately identify this <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> strain. Its antifungal susceptibility was assessed using multiple compounds and our findings were compared with literature data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The fungal culture again yielded an <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> isolate morphologically identical to <jats:italic>A. flavus<\/jats:italic>. Molecular analyses, however, revealed the strain to be <jats:italic>A. nomiae<\/jats:italic>, a close relative of <jats:italic>A. flavus<\/jats:italic> in section <jats:italic>Flavi<\/jats:italic>, and it exhibited resistance to AMB. Reviewing the literature, only five other cases of <jats:italic>A. nomiae<\/jats:italic> infection in humans have been reported worldwide.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rhinofacial mycosis of the patient was actually due to <jats:italic>A. nomiae<\/jats:italic>. The initial misidentification of the fungus, coupled with its resistance to AMB, could be the reason treatment did not help the patient. We postulate that clinical <jats:italic>A. nomiae<\/jats:italic> infections may be underreported and that accurate and speedy pathogen identification is important so that an effective antifungal regimen can be administered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.595375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T04:58:28Z","timestamp":1608613108000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Fatal Rhinofacial Mycosis Due to Aspergillus nomiae: Case Report and Review of Published Literature"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ya Bin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos","family":"Houbraken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting Ting","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. 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