{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T03:18:10Z","timestamp":1772248690386,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01AI110181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01AI110181"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI135992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI135992"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A disproportionate number of Greenland's Inuit population are chronically infected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV; 5\u201310%). HBV genotypes B and D are most prevalent in the circumpolar Arctic. Here, we report 39 novel HBV\/D sequences from individuals residing in southwestern Greenland. We performed phylodynamic analyses with ancient HBV DNA calibrators to investigate the origin and relationship of these taxa to other HBV sequences. We inferred a substitution rate of 1.4 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\n                    [95% HPD 8.8 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 2.0 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\n                    ] and a time to the most recent common ancestor of 629 CE [95% HPD 37\u20131138 CE]. The Greenland taxa form a sister clade to HBV\/D2 sequences, specifically New Caledonian and Indigenous Taiwanese sequences. The Greenland sequences share amino acid signatures with subgenotypes D1 and D2 and ~97% sequence identity. Our results suggest the classification of these novel sequences does not fit within the current nomenclature. Thus, we propose these taxa be considered a novel quasi-subgenotype.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.602296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:30:30Z","timestamp":1610670630000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Genotype D in Greenland Suggests the Presence of a Novel Quasi-Subgenotype"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Adriano","family":"de Bernardi Schneider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Osiowy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reilly","family":"Hostager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Krarup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malene","family":"B\u00f8rresen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhito","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Morriseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel O.","family":"Wertheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.08.024","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus intergenotypic recombinants worldwide: an overview","volume":"36","author":"Araujo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. 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