{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T07:44:04Z","timestamp":1792223044468,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-FED-1084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-FED-1084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Species belonging to <jats:italic>Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic> complex have been isolated in numerous environments and samples of various origins. They are also involved in opportunistic infections in plants, animals, and humans. Previous prospection in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) indicated a high frequency of <jats:italic>E. cloacae<\/jats:italic> complex strains resistant to third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) in a local lizard population (<jats:italic>Anolis marmoratus<\/jats:italic>), but knowledge of the distribution and resistance of these strains in humans and the environment is limited. The aim of this study was to compare the distribution and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of <jats:italic>E. cloacae<\/jats:italic> complex members from different sources in a \u201cone health\u201d approach and to find possible explanations for the high level of resistance in non-human samples. <jats:italic>E. cloacae<\/jats:italic> complex strains were collected between January 2017 and the end of 2018 from anoles, farm animals, local fresh produce, water, and clinical human samples. Isolates were characterized by the heat-shock protein 60 gene-fragment typing method, and whole-genome sequencing was conducted on the most frequent clusters (i.e., C-VI and C-VIII). The prevalence of resistance to 3GCs was relatively high (56\/346, 16.2%) in non-human samples. The associated resistance mechanism was related to an AmpC overproduction; however, in human samples, most of the resistant strains (40\/62) produced an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. No relation was found between resistance in isolates from wild anoles (35\/168) and human activities. Specific core-genome phylogenetic analysis highlighted an important diversity in this bacterial population and no wide circulation among the different compartments. In our setting, the mutations responsible for resistance to 3GCs, especially in <jats:italic>ampD<\/jats:italic>, were diverse and not compartment specific. In conclusion, high levels of resistance in non-human <jats:italic>E. cloacae<\/jats:italic> complex isolates are probably due to environmental factors that favor the selection of these resistant strains, and this will be explored further.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.628058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T07:38:52Z","timestamp":1624606732000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Wide Distribution and Specific Resistance Pattern to Third-Generation Cephalosporins of Enterobacter cloacae Complex Members in Humans and in the Environment in Guadeloupe (French West Indies)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Pot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yann","family":"Reynaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Couvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Ducat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9verine","family":"Ferdinand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Gravey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ga\u00eblle","family":"Gruel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Gu\u00e9rin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith","family":"Malpote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Breurec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Talarmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Guyomard-Rabenirina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.843","article-title":"Enterobacter oligotrophica sp. nov., a novel oligotroph isolated from leaf soil.","volume":"8","author":"Akita","year":"2019","journal-title":"MicrobiologyOpen."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","article-title":"SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing.","volume":"19","author":"Bankevich","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Comput Biol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D41","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx1094","article-title":"GenBank.","volume":"46","author":"Benson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2408.180151","article-title":"Novel Enterobacter lineage as leading cause of nosocomial outbreak involving carbapenemase-producing strains.","volume":"24","author":"Beyrouthy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3895","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02412-14","article-title":"In silico detection and typing of plasmids using PlasmidFinder and plasmid multilocus sequence typing.","volume":"58","author":"Carattoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02093-16","article-title":"Comprehensive genome analysis of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter spp.: New insights into phylogeny, population structure, and resistance mechanisms.","volume":"7","author":"Chavda","year":"2016","journal-title":"MBio."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1239","article-title":"VFDB 2016: hierarchical and refined dataset for big data analysis \u2013 10 years on.","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2014.00130","article-title":"AlienTrimmer removes adapter oligonucleotides with high sensitivity in short-insert paired-end reads. 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