{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:18:50Z","timestamp":1791958730850,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\/18280-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/18280-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\/10140-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/10140-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the phylogenetic diversity and epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> from chicken, chicken meat, and human clinical isolates in Sao Paolo, Brazil, and characterize their respective ESBL-encoding plasmids. Three hundred samples from chicken cloaca, chicken meat, and clinical isolates were phenotypically and genotypically assessed for ESBL resistance. Isolates were identified by MALDI TOF-MS and further characterized by MLST analysis and phylogenetic grouping. ESBL genes were characterized and their location was determined by I-Ceu-I-PFGE and Southern blot, conjugation, transformation, and PCR-based replicon typing experiments. Thirty-seven ESBL-producing isolates (28 <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and 9 <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>) that were positive for the <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>CTX\u2013M<\/jats:italic>\u20131<\/jats:sub> or <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>CTX\u2013M<\/jats:italic>\u20132<\/jats:sub> gene groups were obtained. Two isolates were negative in the transformation assay, and the chromosomal location of the genes was deduced by Southern blot. The <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>CTX\u2013M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> genes identified were carried on plasmid replicon-types X1, HI2, N, FII-variants, I1 and R. The <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates belonged to nine sequence types, while the <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> isolates belonged to four sequence types. The <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates belonged to phylotype classification groups A, B1, D, and F. This study demonstrated that isolates from cloacal swabs, chicken meat, and human feces had genetic diversity, with a high frequency of <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>CTX\u2013M<\/jats:italic>\u201315<\/jats:sub> among chickens, chicken meat, and human feces. Thus, this reinforces the hypothesis that chickens, as well as their by-products, could be an important source of transmission for ESBL-producing pathogens to humans in South America.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.628738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T14:07:22Z","timestamp":1624370842000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Occurrence and Molecular Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales Recovered From Chicken, Chicken Meat, and Human Infections in Sao Paulo State, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Marita Vedovelli","family":"Cardozo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apostolos","family":"Liakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Brouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arie","family":"Kant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas Jos\u00e9 Luduv\u00e9rio","family":"Pizauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana Monezi","family":"Borzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dik","family":"Mevius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando Antonio","family":"de \u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2012.02586.x","article-title":"Predominant characteristics of CTX-M-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from patients with lower respiratory tract infection in multiple medical centers in China.","volume":"332","author":"An","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. 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