{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:02:07Z","timestamp":1753891327473,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005150","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005150","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The <jats:italic>mcr-1<\/jats:italic> gene mediating mobile colistin resistance in <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> was first reported in China in 2016 followed by reports among different species worldwide, especially in <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>. However, data on its transmission in <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> are still lacking. This study analyzed the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles and the <jats:italic>mcr-1<\/jats:italic> gene presence in 755 foodborne <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> from 26 provinces of mainland, China in 2016. Genomic features of two <jats:italic>mcr-1-<\/jats:italic>carrying isolates, genome sequencing, serotypes and further resistance profiles were studied. Among the 755 <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> tested, 72.6% were found to be resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent and 10% were defined as multi-drug resistant (MDR). <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Derby CFSA231 and <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Typhimurium CFSA629 were <jats:italic>mcr-1<\/jats:italic>-harboring isolates. Both expressed an MDR phenotype and included a single circular chromosome and one plasmid. Among the 22 AMR genes identified in <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Derby CFSA231, only the <jats:italic>mcr-1<\/jats:italic> gene was localized on the IncX4 type plasmid pCFSA231 while 20 chromosomal AMR genes, including four plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, were mapped within a 64 kb <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> genomic island (SGI) like region. <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhimurium CFSA629 possessed 11 resistance genes including an <jats:italic>mcr-1.19<\/jats:italic> variant and two ESBL genes. Two IS<jats:italic>26<\/jats:italic>-flanked composite-like transposons were identified. Additionally, 153 and 152 virulence factors were separately identified in these two isolates with secretion system and fimbrial adherence determinants as the dominant virulence classes. Our study extends our concern on <jats:italic>mcr-1<\/jats:italic>-carrying <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> in regards to antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors, and highlight the importance of surveillance to mitigate dissemination of <jats:italic>mcr<\/jats:italic>-encoding genes among foodborne <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.636284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T08:27:12Z","timestamp":1623745632000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Characterization of Two mcr-1-Harboring Foodborne Salmonella Isolates Recovered in China, 2016"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yujie","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott V.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinping","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinnan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengqin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9amus","family":"Fanning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W16","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw387","article-title":"PHASTER: a better, faster version of the PHAST phage search tool.","volume":"44","author":"Arndt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.06.021","article-title":"Characterisation of multidrug-resistant Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli cultured from pigs in China: co-occurrence of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase- and mcr-1-encoding genes on plasmids.","volume":"48","author":"Bai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. 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