{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:03:26Z","timestamp":1790834606902,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010256","name":"Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010256","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013050","name":"Guangdong Provincial Applied Science and Technology Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019B020211003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019B020211003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013050","name":"Guangdong Provincial Applied Science and Technology Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019KZDXM026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019KZDXM026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013050","name":"Guangdong Provincial Applied Science and Technology Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202019071850100001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202019071850100001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diseases caused by <jats:italic>Flaviviridae<\/jats:italic> have a wide global and economic impact due to high morbidity and mortality. <jats:italic>Flaviviridae<\/jats:italic> infection usually leads to severe, acute or chronic diseases, such as liver injury and liver cancer resulting from hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS) caused by dengue virus (DENV). Given the highly complex pathogenesis of <jats:italic>Flaviviridae<\/jats:italic> infections, they are still not fully understood at present. Accumulating evidence suggests that host autophagy is disrupted to regulate the life cycle of <jats:italic>Flaviviridae<\/jats:italic>. Organelle-specific autophagy is able to selectively target different organelles for quality control, which is essential for regulating cellular homeostasis. As an important sub process of autophagy, lipophagy regulates lipid metabolism by targeting lipid droplets (LDs) and is also closely related to the infection of a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. In this review, we briefly understand the LDs interaction relationship with <jats:italic>Flaviviridae<\/jats:italic> infection, outline the molecular events of how lipophagy occurs and the related research progress on the regulatory mechanisms of lipophagy in <jats:italic>Flaviviridae<\/jats:italic> infection. Exploring the crosstalk between viral infection and lipophagy induced molecular events may provide new avenues for antiviral therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.651952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T04:29:58Z","timestamp":1621571398000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Molecular Events Occurring in Lipophagy and Its Regulation in Flaviviridae Infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Keke","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangqi","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linke","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feifan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengming","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jindai","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingqiu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huichao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinding","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2017.02.016","article-title":"Cleaning house: selective autophagy of organelles","volume":"41","author":"Anding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2016.04.008","article-title":"Lipolysis and lipophagy in lipid storage myopathies","volume":"1862","author":"Angelini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.4.1200","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus core protein shows a cytoplasmic localization and associates to cellular lipid storage droplets","volume":"94","author":"Barba","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12437","article-title":"Lipid droplet dynamics at early stages of Mycobacterium marinum infection in dictyostelium","volume":"17","author":"Barisch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006095","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006095","article-title":"Mycobacterium marinum degrades both triacylglycerols and phospholipids from its dictyostelium host to synthesise its own triacylglycerols and generate lipid inclusions","volume":"13","author":"Barisch","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-012-0356-2","article-title":"Lipids and HCV","volume":"35","author":"Bassendine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23278","article-title":"Apolipoprotein e interacts with hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A and determines assembly of infectious particles","volume":"51","author":"Benga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082888","article-title":"Whole lotta lipids-from HCV RNA replication to the mature viral particle","volume":"21","author":"Bley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"y8085","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay8085","article-title":"Mammalian lipid droplets are innate immune hubs integrating cell metabolism and host defense","volume":"370","author":"Bosch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v5.i1.52","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection and insulin resistance","volume":"5","author":"Bose","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18904","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.538256","article-title":"The association of hepatitis C virus glycoproteins with apolipoproteins E and B early in assembly is conserved in lipoviral particles","volume":"289","author":"Boyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9915","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.434910","article-title":"Diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 localizes hepatitis C virus NS5A protein to lipid droplets and enhances NS5A interaction with the viral capsid core","volume":"288","author":"Camus","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27738","article-title":"A molecular mechanism for lipophagy regulation in the liver","volume":"61","author":"Carmona-Gutierrez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06796-11","article-title":"Dengue virus capsid protein binding to hepatic lipid droplets (LD) is potassium ion dependent and is mediated by LD surface proteins","volume":"86","author":"Carvalho","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.2337\/db17-0077","article-title":"Rab8a deficiency in skeletal muscle causes hyperlipidemia and hepatosteatosis by impairing muscle lipid uptake and storage","volume":"66","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e102","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020102","article-title":"Copi activity coupled with fatty acid biosynthesis is required for viral replication","volume":"2","author":"Cherry","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7901","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21217901","article-title":"Hijacking of lipid droplets by hepatitis C, dengue and zika viruses\u2014from viral protein moonlighting to extracellular release","volume":"21","author":"Cloherty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11532","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01021-10","article-title":"The C-terminal alpha-helix domain of apolipoprotein E is required for interaction with nonstructural protein 5A and assembly of hepatitis C virus","volume":"84","author":"Cun","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.9040","article-title":"Lipases in lysosomes, what for?","volume":"5","author":"Czaja","year":"2009","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071596","article-title":"Exploring therapeutic targets to reverse or prevent the transition from metabolically healthy to unhealthy obesity","volume":"9","author":"Dagpo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002093","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002093","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis uses host triacylglycerol to accumulate lipid droplets and acquires a dormancy-like phenotype in lipid-loaded macrophages","volume":"7","author":"Daniel","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10776","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i38.10776","article-title":"Modulation of host lipid metabolism by hepatitis C virus: role of new therapies","volume":"21","author":"Del","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21062008","article-title":"The role of autophagy and autophagy receptor NDP52 in microbial infections","volume":"21","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-012-1213-0","article-title":"Sequential biogenesis of host cell membrane rearrangements induced by hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"70","author":"Ferraris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2014.11.003","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus and lipid droplets: finding a niche","volume":"21","author":"Filipe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-008-0449-0","article-title":"Lipid droplets: a classic organelle with new outfits","volume":"130","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Histochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2019.100989","article-title":"The biogenesis of lipid droplets: lipids take center stage","volume":"75","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01558","article-title":"Cellular organelles reorganization during zika virus infection of human cells","volume":"11","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.9b01090","article-title":"Interactions between viperin, vesicle-associated membrane protein A, and hepatitis C virus protein NS5A modulate viperin activity and NS5A degradation","volume":"59","author":"Ghosh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2018.12.006","article-title":"Lysosomal acid lipase: from cellular lipid handler to immunometabolic target","volume":"40","author":"Gomaraschi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.10.006","article-title":"Dengue virus-induced autophagy regulates lipid metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Heaton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e98947","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2019101816","article-title":"The assembly of lipid droplets and their roles in challenged cells","volume":"38","author":"Henne","year":"2019","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2238","article-title":"Efficient hepatitis C virus particle formation requires diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1","volume":"16","author":"Herker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00848.x","article-title":"Core protein domains involved in hepatitis C virus-like particle assembly and budding at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane","volume":"9","author":"Hourioux","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e174483","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174483","article-title":"Human subtilisin kexin isozyme-1 (SKI-1)\/site-1 protease (S1P) regulates cytoplasmic lipid droplet abundance: a potential target for indirect-acting anti-dengue virus agents","volume":"12","author":"Hyrina","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01957-13","article-title":"Functional characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus nonstructural protein 5A by reverse genetic analysis and live cell imaging","volume":"88","author":"Isken","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6987","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.777805","article-title":"Identification of mechanically regulated phosphorylation sites on tuberin (TSC2) that control mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling","volume":"292","author":"Jacobs","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02020","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02020-16","article-title":"Dengue virus activates the AMP kinase-mTOR axis to stimulate a proviral lipophagy","volume":"91","author":"Jordan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3166","article-title":"Degradation of lipid droplet-associated proteins by chaperone-mediated autophagy facilitates lipolysis","volume":"17","author":"Kaushik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1124226","article-title":"AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of lipid droplet protein PLIN2 triggers its degradation by CMA","volume":"12","author":"Kaushik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0001-6","article-title":"The coming of age of chaperone-mediated autophagy","volume":"19","author":"Kaushik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2015.08.010","article-title":"Ubiquitin-dependent and independent signals in selective autophagy","volume":"26","author":"Khaminets","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37602","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.284794","article-title":"Dual role of ancient ubiquitous protein 1 (AUP1) in lipid droplet accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein quality control","volume":"286","author":"Klemm","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16061","DOI":"10.1038\/cddiscovery.2016.61","article-title":"Reversal of intramyocellular lipid accumulation by lipophagy and a p62-mediated pathway","volume":"2","author":"Lam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.2456","article-title":"The crystal structure of NS5A domain 1 from genotype 1a reveals new clues to the mechanism of action for dimeric HCV inhibitors","volume":"23","author":"Lambert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jcs217042","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.217042","article-title":"Perilipin-2 is critical for efficient lipoprotein and hepatitis C virus particle production","volume":"132","author":"Lassen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-20-65","article-title":"Dengue virus infection induces autophagy: an in vivo study","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.004","article-title":"Rotavirus replication and the role of cellular lipid droplets: new therapeutic targets?","volume":"115","author":"Lever","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Formos Med. Assoc."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.02.047","article-title":"Depletion of Rab32 decreases intracellular lipid accumulation and induces lipolysis through enhancing atgl expression in hepatocytes","volume":"471","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1601470","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1601470","article-title":"A novel Rab10-EHBP1-EHD2 complex essential for the autophagic engulfment of lipid droplets","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.07.019","article-title":"Zika virus NS4A and NS4B proteins deregulate AKT-mTOR signaling in human fetal neural stem cells to inhibit neurogenesis and induce autophagy","volume":"19","author":"Liang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.11.002","article-title":"Rab1A is required for assembly of classical swine fever virus particle","volume":"514","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01468","article-title":"Rab5 enhances classical swine fever virus proliferation and interacts with viral NS4B protein to facilitate formation of NS4B related complex","volume":"8","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-020-00291-6","article-title":"PTEN lipid phosphatase activity enhances dengue virus production through AKT\/FoxO1\/Maf1 signaling","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virol. Sin"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.211292","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus production requires apolipoprotein a-i and affects its association with nascent low-density lipoproteins","volume":"60","author":"Mancone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3390\/ph12020097","article-title":"Lipid metabolism as a source of druggable targets for antiviral discovery against zika and other flaviviruses","volume":"12","author":"Mart\u00edn-Acebes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.10.008","article-title":"Autophagy in the cns and periphery coordinate lipophagy and lipolysis in the brown adipose tissue and liver","volume":"23","author":"Martinez-Lopez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01951","article-title":"Methods for lipid droplet biophysical characterization in flaviviridae infections","volume":"9","author":"Martins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02177-12","article-title":"Inhibition of cellular autophagy deranges dengue virion maturation","volume":"87","author":"Mateo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8026","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00787-15","article-title":"Dengue virus inhibition of autophagic flux and dependency of viral replication on proteasomal degradation of the autophagy receptor p62","volume":"89","author":"Metz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2016.05.003","article-title":"Entangled in a membranous web: er and lipid droplet reorganization during hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"41","author":"Meyers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1631","article-title":"The lipid droplet is an important organelle for hepatitis C virus production","volume":"9","author":"Miyanari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2013.08.009","article-title":"Open questions in lipid droplet biology","volume":"21","author":"Ohsaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0085-z","article-title":"Dynamics and functions of lipid droplets","volume":"20","author":"Olzmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.02401","article-title":"Rab18 localizes to lipid droplets and induces their close apposition to the endoplasmic reticulum-derived membrane","volume":"118","author":"Ozeki","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2016.1196318","article-title":"Absence of autophagy promotes apoptosis by modulating the ROS-dependent RLR signaling pathway in classical swine fever virus-infected cells","volume":"12","author":"Pei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.26843","article-title":"Autophagy enhances the replication of classical swine fever virus in vitro","volume":"10","author":"Pei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.01.022","article-title":"Tip47 plays a crucial role in the life cycle of hepatitis C virus","volume":"58","author":"Ploen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2018.05.010","article-title":"Lipid droplet metabolism during dengue virus infection","volume":"26","author":"Randall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.12.002","article-title":"Recruitment and activation of a lipid kinase by hepatitis C virus NS5A is essential for integrity of the membranous replication compartment","volume":"9","author":"Reiss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-031320-101827","article-title":"Protein quality control and lipid droplet metabolism","volume":"36","author":"Roberts","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2007.00953.x","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus core protein, lipid droplets and steatosis","volume":"15","author":"Roingeard","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Viral Hepat."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12688","article-title":"Lipid droplet hijacking by intracellular pathogens","author":"Roingeard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.03.025","article-title":"Cholesterol biosynthesis modulation regulates dengue viral replication","volume":"389","author":"Rothwell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003513","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003513","article-title":"Rab18 binds to hepatitis C virus NS5A and promotes interaction between sites of viral replication and lipid droplets","volume":"9","author":"Salloum","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000632","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000632","article-title":"Dengue virus capsid protein usurps lipid droplets for viral particle formation","volume":"5","author":"Samsa","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203719666180809143000","article-title":"Lipid droplets breakdown: adipose triglyceride lipase leads the way","volume":"19","author":"Santucci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Protein Pept. Sci."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001508","article-title":"Japanese encephalitis virus capsid protein interacts with non-lipidated MAP1LC3 on replication membranes and lipid droplets","author":"Sarkar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.03.026","article-title":"ATGL promotes autophagy\/lipophagy via SIRT1 to control hepatic lipid droplet catabolism","volume":"19","author":"Sathyanarayan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3320","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201803153","article-title":"Lipid droplet size directs lipolysis and lipophagy catabolism in hepatocytes","volume":"218","author":"Schott","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27667","article-title":"The small GTPase Rab7 as a central regulator of hepatocellular lipophagy","volume":"61","author":"Schroeder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1685524","article-title":"Lipid droplet formation and lipophagy in fatty liver disease","volume":"39","author":"Schulze","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2017.06.008","article-title":"Breaking fat: the regulation and mechanisms of lipophagy","volume":"1862","author":"Schulze","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.07.18.210211","article-title":"Inhibitors of VPS34 and lipid metabolism suppress SARS-Cov-2 replication","author":"Silvas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biorxiv [Preprint]"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282041","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/282041","article-title":"Lipophagy: connecting autophagy and lipid metabolism","volume":"2012","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07976","article-title":"Autophagy regulates lipid metabolism","volume":"458","author":"Singh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5599","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.190785","article-title":"Ancient ubiquitous protein 1 (AUP1) localizes to lipid droplets and binds the E2 ubiquitin conjugase G2 (Ube2g2) via its G2 binding region","volume":"286","author":"Spandl","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M033852","article-title":"Monotopic topology is required for lipid droplet targeting of ancient ubiquitous protein 1","volume":"54","author":"Stevanovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10561","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00173-11","article-title":"Rab5 and class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase Vps34 are involved in hepatitis C virus NS4B-induced autophagy","volume":"85","author":"Su","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12673","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12673","article-title":"Lipoprotein lipase liberates free fatty acids to inhibit HCV infection and prevent hepatic lipid accumulation","volume":"19","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.07.005","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus hijacks host lipid metabolism","volume":"21","author":"Syed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2017.07.009","article-title":"The perilipin family of lipid droplet proteins: gatekeepers of intracellular lipolysis","volume":"1862","author":"Sztalryd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8873-0_38","article-title":"Investigating non-selective autophagy in drosophila","volume":"1880","author":"Takats","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6793","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00045-14","article-title":"Rab18 facilitates dengue virus infection by targeting fatty acid synthase to sites of viral replication","volume":"88","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802442606","DOI":"10.1177\/1178635317745518","article-title":"Intracellular lipid droplets: from structure to function","volume":"10","author":"Vanni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lipid Insights"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.11.033","article-title":"Autophagy protects cells from HCV-induced defects in lipid metabolism","volume":"142","author":"Vescovo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1008554","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008554","article-title":"The ATGL lipase cooperates with ABHD5 to mobilize lipids for hepatitis C virus assembly","volume":"16","author":"Vieyres","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003302","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003302","article-title":"Lipid droplet-binding protein TIP47 regulates hepatitis C virus RNA replication through interaction with the viral NS5A protein","volume":"9","author":"Vogt","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.033860-0","article-title":"Viperin inhibits hepatitis C virus replication by interfering with binding of NS5A to host protein hVAP-33","volume":"93","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2016.01.006","article-title":"Autophagy, lipophagy and lysosomal lipid storage disorders","volume":"1861","author":"Ward","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2017.07.006","article-title":"Lipid droplet functions beyond energy storage","volume":"1862","author":"Welte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell. Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12943","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160612943","article-title":"A structural overview of rna-dependent RNA polymerases from the flaviviridae family","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-4272-5_30","article-title":"Autophagy and viral infection","volume":"1207","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25595","article-title":"Viperin inhibits classical swine fever virus replication by interacting with viral nonstructural 5A protein","volume":"92","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00495","article-title":"Lipophagy and alcohol-induced fatty liver","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-0602-4_20","article-title":"Chaperone-mediated autophagy","volume":"1206","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.005","article-title":"Flaviviruses exploit the lipid droplet protein AUP1 to trigger lipophagy and drive virus production","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02286","article-title":"Modulation of lipid droplet metabolism\u2014a potential target for therapeutic intervention in flaviviridae infections","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2020.1767356","article-title":"Rab18 binds to classical swine fever virus NS5A and mediates viral replication and assembly in swine umbilical vein endothelial cells","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000509","article-title":"Classical and alternative roles for autophagy in lipid metabolism","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1159\/000373956","article-title":"The role of lipid rafts in the early stage of enterovirus 71 infection","volume":"35","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1100747","article-title":"Fat mobilization in adipose tissue is promoted by adipose triglyceride lipase","volume":"306","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.651952\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T04:30:04Z","timestamp":1621571404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.651952\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"references-count":112,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2021.651952"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.651952","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"article-number":"651952"}}