{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T00:04:47Z","timestamp":1793232287196,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. are the most frequent agent of human gastroenteritis worldwide, and the spread of multidrug-resistant strains makes the clinical treatment difficult. The current study presents the resistome analysis of 39,798\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 11,920\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    genomes available in public repositories. Determinants of resistance to \u03b2-lactams (Be) and tetracyclines (Te) were the most frequent for both species, with resistance to quinolones (Qu) as the third most important on\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    and to aminoglycosides (Am) on\n                    <jats:italic>C. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Moreover, resistance to Te, Qu, and Am was frequently found in co-occurrence with resistance to other antibiotic families. Geographical differences on clonal complexes distribution were found for\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    and on resistome genotypes for both\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>C. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    species. Attending to the resistome patterns by isolation source, three main clusters of genomes were found on\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    genomes at antimicrobial resistance gene level. The first cluster was formed by genomes from human, food production animals (e.g., sheep, cow, and chicken), and food (e.g., dairy products) isolates. The higher incidence of\n                    <jats:italic>tet(O)<\/jats:italic>\n                    , associated with tetracycline resistance, and the\n                    <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n                    (T86I) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), associated with quinolone resistance, among genomes from this cluster could be due to the intense use of these antibiotics in veterinary and human clinical settings. Similarly, a high incidence of\n                    <jats:italic>tet(O)<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes of\n                    <jats:italic>C. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    genomes from pig, cow, and turkey was found. Moreover, the cluster based on resistome patterns formed by\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>C. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    genomes of human, turkey, and chicken origin is in agreement with previous observations reporting chicken or poultry-related environments as the main source of human campylobacteriosis infections. Most clonal complexes (CCs) associated with chicken host specialization (e.g., ST-354, ST-573, ST-464, and ST-446) were the CCs with the highest prevalence of determinants of resistance to Be, Qu, and Te. Finally, a clear trend toward an increase in the occurrence of Te and Qu resistance determinants on\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    , linked to the spread of the co-occurrence of the\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>OXA\u2013<\/jats:italic>\n                      61\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>tet(O)-tet(O\/W\/O)<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes and the\n                    <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n                    (T86I) SNP, was found from 2001 to date in Europe.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.662144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T02:08:48Z","timestamp":1625450928000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Whole Resistome Analysis in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Genomes Available in Public Repositories"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 F.","family":"Cobo-D\u00edaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paloma","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez del R\u00edo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avelino","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555815554","author":"Aarestrup","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transmission of Antibiotic Resistance from Food Animals to Humans"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02765-19","article-title":"Emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli among Australian chickens in the absence of fluoroquinolone use.","volume":"86","author":"Abraham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. 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