{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:36:14Z","timestamp":1773282974533,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81861148028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81861148028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81671990"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81671990"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971912"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971912"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Aspergillus flavus<\/jats:italic> has been frequently reported as the second cause of invasive aspergillosis (IA), as well as the leading cause in certain tropical countries. Amphotericin B (AMB) is a clinically important therapy option for a range of invasive fungal infections including invasive aspergillosis, and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> resistance to AMB was associated with poor outcomes in IA patients treated with AMB. Compared with the AMB-susceptible isolates of <jats:italic>A. terreus<\/jats:italic>, the AMB-resistant isolates of <jats:italic>A. terreus<\/jats:italic> showed a lower level of AMB-induced endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was an important cause of AMB resistance. In this study, we obtained one AMB-resistant isolate of <jats:italic>A. flavus<\/jats:italic>, with an AMB MIC of 32 \u03bcg\/mL, which was sensitive to triazoles and echinocandins. This isolate presented elevated endogenous ROS levels, which strongly suggested that no contribution of decreased AMB-induced endogenous ROS for AMB-resistance, opposite to those observed in <jats:italic>A. terreus<\/jats:italic>. Further, we confirmed that the elevated endogenous ROS contributed to the sensitivity of the AMB-resistant <jats:italic>A. flavus<\/jats:italic> isolate to triazoles and echinocandins. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the causes of elevated endogenous ROS and the resistance mechanism to AMB in <jats:italic>A. flavus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.680749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T08:02:47Z","timestamp":1627977767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Elevated Endogenous Reactive Oxygen Species Contribute to the Sensitivity of the Amphotericin B-Resistant Isolate of Aspergillus flavus to Triazoles and Echinocandins"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruoyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S170952","article-title":"Widespread amphotericin B-resistant strains of Aspergillus fumigatus in Hamilton.","volume":"11","author":"Ashu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Canada. 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