{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:08:35Z","timestamp":1790291315130,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-typhoidal<jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>is a pathogen of global importance, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). The presence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) strains in market environments poses a serious health threat to consumers. In this study we identified and characterized the genotypic and phenotypic AMR profiles of 81 environmental<jats:italic>S. enterica<\/jats:italic>strains isolated from samples from informal markets in Cambodia in 2018\u20132019. AMR genotypes were retrieved from the NCBI Pathogen Detection website (<jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pathogens\/<\/jats:ext-link>) and using ResFinder (<jats:ext-link>https:\/\/cge.cbs.dtu.dk\/services\/<\/jats:ext-link>)<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>pathogenicity islands (SPIs) were identified with SPIFinder (<jats:ext-link>https:\/\/cge.cbs.dtu.dk\/services\/<\/jats:ext-link>). Susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standard guidelines M100-S22 using the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) Sensititre Gram Negative plate. A total of 17 unique AMR genes were detected in 53% (43\/81) of the isolates, including those encoding tetracycline, beta-lactam, sulfonamide, quinolone, aminoglycoside, phenicol, and trimethoprim resistance. A total of 10 SPIs (SPI-1, 3\u20135, 8, 9, 12\u201314, and centisome 63 [C63PI]) were detected in 59 isolates. C63PI, an iron transport system in SPI-1, was observed in 56% of the isolates (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 46). SPI-1, SPI-4, and SPI-9 were present in 13, 2, and 5% of the isolates, respectively. The most common phenotypic resistances were observed to tetracycline (47%;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 38), ampicillin (37%;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 30), streptomycin (20%;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 16), chloramphenicol (17%;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 14), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (16%;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 13). This study contributes to understanding the AMR genes present in<jats:italic>S. enterica<\/jats:italic>isolates from informal markets in Cambodia, as well as support domestic epidemiological investigations of multidrug resistance (MDR) profiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.711472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T04:43:01Z","timestamp":1631767381000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in Non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica Strains Isolated From Cambodian Informal Markets"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Carla L.","family":"Schwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Lomonaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo M.","family":"Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter W.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Maher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Trinetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manreet","family":"Bhullar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall K.","family":"Phebus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Gragg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Kastner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessie L.","family":"Vipham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D517","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz935","article-title":"CARD 2020: antibiotic resistome surveillance with the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database.","volume":"48","author":"Alcock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3624","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.12.3624-3635.2003","article-title":"Variation between pathogenic serovars within Salmonella athogenicity islands.","volume":"185","author":"Amavisit","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2404.171619","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica 4,[5],12:i:- sequence type 34, New South Wales, Australia, 2016\u20132017.","volume":"24","author":"Arnott","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-14-476","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella and Escherichia coli from Australian cattle populations at slaughter.","volume":"78","author":"Barlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa345","article-title":"ResFinder 4.0 for predictions of phenotypes from genotypes.","volume":"75","author":"Bortolaia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B6","year":"2020","journal-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing."},{"key":"B7","author":"Cockerill","year":"2012","journal-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Second Informational Supplement."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05290.x","article-title":"Detection of class 1 integrons in Salmonella Weltevreden and silent antibiotic resistance genes in some seafood-associated nontyphoidal isolates of Salmonella in south-west coast of India: detection of class 1 integrons in Salm, Weltevreden.","volume":"112","author":"Deekshit","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3288","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx301","article-title":"Comparison of phenotypic and WGS-derived antimicrobial resistance profiles of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolated from cases of diarrhoeal disease in England, 2015\u201316.","volume":"72","author":"Do Nascimento","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3425","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.10.3425-3425.1999","article-title":"Emergence and spread of an atypical Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype 4,5,12:i:- strain in Spain.","volume":"37","author":"Echeita","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2004.01045.x","article-title":"Travel-associated non-typhoidal salmonellosis: geographical and seasonal differences and serotype distribution.","volume":"11","author":"Ekdahl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix909","article-title":"Salmonella enterica serotype 4,[5],12:i:- in swine in the United States midwest: an emerging multidrug-resistant clade.","volume":"66","author":"Elnekave","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00483-19","article-title":"Validating the AMRFinder tool and resistance gene database by using antimicrobial resistance genotype-phenotype correlations in a collection of isolates.","volume":"63","author":"Feldgarden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods8100434","article-title":"Overview of foodborne disease outbreaks in Brazil from 2000 to 2018.","volume":"8","author":"Finger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E173","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007-0447","article-title":"Food animal-associated Salmonella challenges: pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance.","volume":"86","author":"Foley","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"B16","year":"2015","journal-title":"National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System \u2013 Enteric Bacteria (NARMS): 2011 Executive Report."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2017.2353","article-title":"Seven Salmonella Typhimurium outbreaks in Australia linked by trace-back and whole genome sequencing.","volume":"15","author":"Ford","year":"2018","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2405.171830","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in invasive bacterial infections in hospitalized children, Cambodia, 2007\u20132016.","volume":"24","author":"Fox-Lewis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.4.1267-1272.1997","article-title":"Naturally occurring deletions in the centisome 63 pathogenicity island of environmental isolates of Salmonella spp.","volume":"65","author":"Ginocchio","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01324-19","article-title":"Capturing the resistome: a targeted capture method to reveal antibiotic resistance determinants in metagenomes.","volume":"64","author":"Guitor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(01)01411-3","article-title":"Salmonella pathogenicity islands encoding type III secretion systems.","volume":"3","author":"Hansen-Wester","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2574","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.5.2574","article-title":"A substrate of the centisome 63 type III protein secretion system of Salmonella Typhimurium is encoded by a cryptic bacteriophage.","volume":"95","author":"Hardt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4601","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02991-09","article-title":"Pork contaminated with Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:-, an emerging health risk for humans.","volume":"76","author":"Hauser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-11-417","article-title":"Annual cost of illness and quality-adjusted life year losses in the United States due to 14 foodborne pathogens\u2020.","volume":"75","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1402.070573","article-title":"Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica, United Kingdom.","volume":"14","author":"Hopkins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.PLAS-0006-2013","article-title":"Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance.","volume":"2","author":"Jacoby","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00362","article-title":"Consumer exposure to antimicrobial resistant bacteria from food at Swiss retail level.","volume":"9","author":"Jans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2604.191446","article-title":"Whole-genome analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis Isolates in outbreak linked to online food delivery, Shenzhen, China, 2018.","volume":"26","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-277","article-title":"International travel and the risk of hospitalization with non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteremia. A Danish population-based cohort study, 1999-2008.","volume":"11","author":"Koch","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B30","author":"Kuhn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Caret: Classification and Regression Training."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.10-0373","article-title":"Prevalence, numbers and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Salmonella serovars and Campylobacter spp. in retail poultry in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.","volume":"73","author":"Lay","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2015.04.039","article-title":"Mismatch between antimicrobial resistance phenotype and genotype of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from seafood.","volume":"59","author":"Lou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.22175\/rmc2016.128","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella enterica isolated from whole-muscle beef cuts and beef carcasses in Mexico.","volume":"1","author":"Maradiaga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Meat Muscle Biol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(00)00273-2","article-title":"Salmonella pathogenicity islands: big virulence in small packages.","volume":"2","author":"Marcus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00002-11","article-title":"Food animals and antimicrobials: impacts on human health.","volume":"24","author":"Marshall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5515","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01030-16","article-title":"Whole-Genome sequencing for detecting antimicrobial resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella.","volume":"60","author":"McDermott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63503-7.00011-5","article-title":"Virulence factors and their associated genes in microbes","author":"Meena","year":"2019","journal-title":"New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering"},{"key":"B38","year":"2019","journal-title":"MI, MoH Support FORT Team Responding to Foodborne Disease Outbreak."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2008.0213","article-title":"Emergence, distribution, and molecular and phenotypic characteristics of Salmonella enterica serotype 4,5,12:i:\u2013.","volume":"6","author":"Moreno Switt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky451","article-title":"CTX-M-55-type ESBL-producing Salmonella enterica are emerging among retail meats in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.","volume":"74","author":"Nadimpalli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000009","article-title":"A case of primary bacteraemia caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Corvallis in an immunocompetent adult after travel to Southeast Asia.","volume":"1","author":"Nakakubo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Access Microbiol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00592","article-title":"Prediction of phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles from whole genome sequences of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica.","volume":"9","author":"Neuert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2013-0292","article-title":"Tetracycline antibiotics and resistance mechanisms.","volume":"395","author":"Nguyen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.08.007","article-title":"The influence of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of benzalkonium chloride on biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes.","volume":"189","author":"Ortiz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks196","article-title":"Bacterial stress responses as determinants of antimicrobial resistance.","volume":"67","author":"Poole","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B46","year":"2020","journal-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315745046","author":"Roesel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Safety and Informal Markets."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg168","article-title":"Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.","volume":"51","author":"Saenz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.4315\/JFP-20-112","article-title":"Prevalence of Salmonella enterica isolated from food contact and non-food contact surfaces in Cambodian informal markets.","volume":"84","author":"Schwan","year":"","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MRA.00773-20","article-title":"Draft genome sequences of 81 Salmonella enterica strains from informal markets in Cambodia.","volume":"9","author":"Schwan","year":"","journal-title":"Microbiol. Resour. Announc."},{"key":"B51","first-page":"1405","article-title":"Serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica spp. in central Thailand, 2001-2006.","volume":"41","author":"Sirichote","year":"2010","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2740","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01093-07","article-title":"Contribution of a new mutation in pare to quinolone resistance in extended-spectrum-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates.","volume":"45","author":"Sorlozano","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3546","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00546-09","article-title":"Salmonella enterica serotype 4,5,12:i:-, an emerging Salmonella serotype that represents multiple distinct clones.","volume":"47","author":"Soyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2009.312","article-title":"Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Salmonella isolated from patients with overseas travelers\u2019 diarrhea in Japan.","volume":"62","author":"Taguchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02227-15","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture.","volume":"7","author":"Thanner","year":"2016","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-017-0213-x","article-title":"Whole genome sequencing-based detection of antimicrobial resistance and virulence in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica isolated from wildlife.","volume":"9","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut Pathog."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000185","article-title":"GenomeTrakr proficiency testing for foodborne pathogen surveillance: an exercise from 2015.","volume":"4","author":"Timme","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb. Genomics"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12462","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica isolated from broiler chickens, pigs and meat products in Thailand-Cambodia border provinces: AMR in Salmonella enterica.","volume":"61","author":"Trongjit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02140-16","article-title":"Establishing genotypic cutoff values to measure antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella.","volume":"61","author":"Tyson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn554","article-title":"Functional relationship between bacterial cell density and the efficacy of antibiotics.","volume":"63","author":"Udekwu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001933","article-title":"Azithromycin and ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella bloodstream infections in Cambodian adults.","volume":"6","author":"Vlieghe","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/29203","article-title":"The Salmonella Pathogenicity Island-1 and -2 encoded type III secretion systems","author":"Wisner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Salmonella"},{"key":"B63","year":"2015","journal-title":"WHO Estimates of the Global Burden of Foodborne Diseases."},{"key":"B64","year":"2017","journal-title":"Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine: Ranking of Antimicrobial Agents for Risk Management of Antimicrobial Resistance Due to Non-Human Use."},{"key":"B65","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0654-8","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in the Asia Pacific region: a meeting report.","volume":"8","author":"Yam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17020472","article-title":"Investigation of incidents and trends of antimicrobial resistance in foodborne pathogens in eight countries from historical sample data.","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02121","article-title":"Prevalence, bacterial load, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serovars isolated from retail meat and meat products in China.","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.35.8.1647","article-title":"Quinolone resistance-determining region in the DNA gyrase gyrB gene of Escherichia coli.","volume":"35","author":"Yoshida","year":"1991","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2640","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks261","article-title":"Identification of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes.","volume":"67","author":"Zankari","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.67.4.1974-1981.1999","article-title":"Salmonella Typhimurium encodes a putative iron transport system within the centisome 63 pathogenicity island.","volume":"67","author":"Zhou","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.711472\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T21:45:35Z","timestamp":1699479935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.711472\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2021.711472"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.711472","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]]},"article-number":"711472"}}