{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T23:23:44Z","timestamp":1773444224223,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012527","name":"Office of the Higher Education Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012527","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> is a Gram-positive bacterium causing listeriosis in animals and humans. To initiate a foodborne infection, <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> has to pass through the host gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In this study, we evaluated survival abilities of <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> 10403S wild type (WT) and its isogenic mutants in alternative sigma (\u03c3) factor genes (i.e., <jats:italic>sigB<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>sigC<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>sigH<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>sigL<\/jats:italic>) under simulated gastric, duodenal, and bile fluids. Within 10min of exposures, only bile fluid was able to significantly reduce survival ability of <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> WT by 2 logs CFU\/ml. Loss of <jats:italic>sigL<\/jats:italic> showed the greatest bile resistance among 16 strains tested, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt;0.0001, (i.e., WT, four single alternative \u03c3 factor mutants, six double mutants, four triple mutants, and one quadruple mutant). To further investigate the role of \u03c3<jats:sup>L<\/jats:sup> in bile response, RNA-seq was conducted to compare the transcriptional profiles among <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> 10403S <jats:italic>\u0394BCH<\/jats:italic> triple mutant (lacking <jats:italic>sigB<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>sigC<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>sigH<\/jats:italic> genes; expressing housekeeping \u03c3<jats:sup>A<\/jats:sup> and \u03c3<jats:sup>L<\/jats:sup>) and <jats:italic>\u0394BCHL<\/jats:italic> quadruple mutant (lacking all alternative sigma factor genes; expressing only \u03c3<jats:sup>A<\/jats:sup>) strains under BHI and 1% bile conditions. A total of 216 and 176 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in BHI and bile, respectively. We confirmed that <jats:italic>mpt<\/jats:italic> operon was shown to be strongly activated by \u03c3<jats:sup>L<\/jats:sup>. Interestingly, more than 80% of DEGs were found to be negatively regulated in the presence of \u03c3<jats:sup>L<\/jats:sup>. This includes PrfA regulon and its mediated genes (i.e., <jats:italic>hly<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>hpt<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>inlB<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>clpP<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>clpE<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>groL<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>inlC<\/jats:italic>) which were downregulated in response to bile in the presence of \u03c3<jats:sup>L<\/jats:sup>. This result suggests the potential negative role of \u03c3<jats:sup>L<\/jats:sup> on bile survival, and the roles of \u03c3<jats:sup>L<\/jats:sup> and \u03c3<jats:sup>B<\/jats:sup> might be in a seesaw model prior to host cell invasion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.713383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T07:23:37Z","timestamp":1634801017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Listeria monocytogenes 10403S Alternative Sigma-54 Factor \u03c3L Has a Negative Role on Survival Ability Under Bile Exposure"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Atsadang","family":"Boonmee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haley F.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soraya","family":"Chaturongakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2019.103351","article-title":"Impact of exposure to cold and cold-osmotic stresses on virulence-associated characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes strains","volume":"87","author":"Alves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu638","article-title":"HTSeq\u2014a python framework to work with high-throughput sequencing data","volume":"31","author":"Anders","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsle.2004.07.014","article-title":"Involvement of the mpo operon in resistance to class IIa bacteriocins in Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"238","author":"Arous","year":"2004","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. 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