{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:25:23Z","timestamp":1791905123779,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010731","name":"Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004396","name":"Thailand Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004396","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute non-typhoidal salmonellosis (NTS) caused by <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic> Typhimurium (STM) is among the most prevalent of foodborne diseases. A global rising of antibiotic resistance strains of STM raises an urgent need for alternative methods to control this important pathogen. Major human food animals which harbor STM in their gut are cattle, swine, and poultry. Previous studies showed that the probiotic <jats:italic>Limosilactobacillus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>reuteri<\/jats:italic> KUB-AC5 (AC5) exhibited anti-<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> activities in chicken by modulating gut microbiota and the immune response. However, the immunobiotic effect of AC5 in a mammalian host is still not known. Here, we investigated the anti-<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> and anti-inflammatory effects of AC5 on STM infection using a mouse colitis model. Three groups of C57BL\/6 mice (prophylactic, therapeutic, and combined) were fed with 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup> colony-forming units (cfu) AC5 daily for 7, 4, and 11 days, respectively. Then, the mice were challenged with STM compared to the untreated group. By using a specific primer pair, we found that AC5 can transiently colonize mouse gut (colon, cecum, and ileum). Interestingly, AC5 reduced STM gut proliferation and invasion together with attenuated gut inflammation and systemic dissemination in mice. The decreased STM numbers in mouse gut lumen, gut tissues, and spleen possibly came from longer AC5 feeding duration and\/or the combinatorial (direct and indirect inhibitory) effect of AC5 on STM. However, AC5 attenuated inflammation (both in the gut and in the spleen) with no difference between these three approaches. This study demonstrated that AC5 confers both direct and indirect inhibitory effects on STM in the inflamed gut.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.716761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T05:57:27Z","timestamp":1629698247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Anti-inflammatory Effect of Probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri KUB-AC5 Against Salmonella Infection in a Mouse Colitis Model"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Songphon","family":"Buddhasiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chutikarn","family":"Sukjoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thattawan","family":"Kaewsakhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kowit","family":"Nambunmee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massalin","family":"Nakphaichit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunee","family":"Nitisinprasert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parameth","family":"Thiennimitr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-017-9304-8","article-title":"\u2018Selection of Potential Probiotic Lactobacillus with Inhibitory Activity Against Salmonella and Fecal Coliform Bacteria\u2019","volume":"10","author":"Abhisingha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-020-09634-x","article-title":"Milk Fermented by Lactobacillus paracasei NCC 2461 (ST11) Modulates the Immune Response and Microbiota to Exert its Protective Effects Against Salmonella typhimurium Infection in Mice.","volume":"12","author":"Acurcio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-018-1248-y","article-title":"\u2018Characterization and anti-salmonella activities of lactic acid bacteria isolated from cattle faeces\u2019","volume":"18","author":"Adetoye","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.12.004","article-title":"\u2018Salmonellosis: the role of poultry meat\u2019","volume":"22","author":"Antunes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2014.05.015","article-title":"\u2018Alteration in lymphocytes responses, cytokine and chemokine profiles in laying hens infected with Salmonella Typhimurium\u2019","volume":"160","author":"Bai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2018.1504717","article-title":"\u2018The global burden and epidemiology of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections\u2019","volume":"15","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin. Immunother."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01432-07","article-title":"\u2018Enteric salmonellosis disrupts the microbial ecology of the murine gastrointestinal tract\u2019","volume":"76","author":"Barman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.71.5.2839-2858.2003","article-title":"\u2018Pretreatment of mice with streptomycin provides a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium colitis model that allows analysis of both pathogen and host\u2019","volume":"71","author":"Barthel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-2229.2011.00242.x","article-title":"\u2018Intestinal and chronic infections: Salmonella lifestyles in hostile environments\u2019","volume":"3","author":"Baumler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol. Rep."},{"key":"B10","article-title":"Salmonella Infection in Nursery Piglets and Its Role in the Spread of Salmonellosis to Further Production Periods.","volume":"2021","author":"Bernad-Roche","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-86-21030","article-title":"\u2018Effect of streptomycin on susceptibility of intestinal tract to experimental Salmonella infection\u2019","volume":"86","author":"Bohnhoff","year":"1954","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/111.2.117","article-title":"\u2018Enhanced susceptibility to Salmonella infection in streptomycin-treated mice\u2019","volume":"111","author":"Bohnhoff","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065x.2011.01041.x","article-title":"\u2018Molecular mechanisms of inflammasome activation during microbial infections\u2019","volume":"243","author":"Broz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.19141","article-title":"\u2018Innate immune response to Salmonella typhimurium, a model enteric pathogen\u2019","volume":"3","author":"Broz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut. Microbes"},{"key":"B15","article-title":"Non-typhoidal Salmonella in the Pig Production Chain: A Comprehensive Analysis of Its Impact on Human Health.","volume":"2019","author":"Campos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2007-00249","article-title":"\u2018History of the use of antibiotic as growth promoters in European poultry feeds\u2019","volume":"86","author":"Castanon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-177","article-title":"Oral administration of a probiotic Lactobacillus modulates cytokine production and TLR expression improving the immune response against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection in mice.","volume":"11","author":"Castillo","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2020.2070-2084","article-title":"\u2018Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella spp. isolated from poultry: A global overview\u2019","volume":"13","author":"Castro-Vargas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242156","article-title":"\u2018The human health burden of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica and Vibrio parahaemolyticus foodborne gastroenteritis in Shanghai, east China\u2019","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey560","article-title":"\u2018Gene expression and antibody response in chicken against Salmonella Typhimurium challenge\u2019","volume":"98","author":"Dar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12610.x","article-title":"\u2018Inhibition of in vitro growth of enteropathogens by new Lactobacillus isolates of human intestinal origin\u2019","volume":"153","author":"Drago","year":"1997","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006129","article-title":"\u2018Respiration of Microbiota-Derived 1,2-propanediol Drives Salmonella Expansion during Colitis\u2019","volume":"13","author":"Faber","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.009662-0","article-title":"\u2018Inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus on Salmonella lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and epithelial barrier dysfunction in a co-culture model using Caco-2\/peripheral blood mononuclear cells\u2019","volume":"59","author":"Fang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2007-00526","article-title":"\u2018Intestinal cytokine response of commercial source broiler chicks to Salmonella typhimurium infection\u2019","volume":"87","author":"Fasina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"B25","article-title":"Worldwide Epidemiology of Salmonella Serovars in Animal-Based Foods: a Meta-analysis.","volume":"2019","author":"Ferrari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s004300100095","article-title":"\u2018Protection against translocating Salmonella typhimurium infection in mice by feeding the immuno-enhancing probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain HN001\u2019","volume":"190","author":"Gill","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200208160-00009","article-title":"\u2018Non-typhoidal salmonella bacteraemia among HIV-infected Malawian adults: high mortality and frequent recrudescence\u2019","volume":"16","author":"Gordon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.13475","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of different chicken-derived lactic acid bacteria isolates on drug resistant Salmonella SE47 isolated from eggs.","volume":"73","author":"Hai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol"},{"key":"B29","article-title":"The Interplay between Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and the Intestinal Mucosa during Oral Infection.","volume":"2019","author":"Hausmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2018.04.006","article-title":"\u2018Animals as sources of food-borne pathogens: A review\u2019","volume":"4","author":"Heredia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"B31","article-title":"\u2018Dynamics and Outcome of Macrophage Interaction Between Salmonella Gallinarum, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Dublin and Macrophages From Chicken and Cattle.","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-021-02681-3","article-title":"Lactobacillus animalis pZL8a: a potential probiotic isolated from pig feces for further research.","volume":"11","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103754","article-title":"\u2018Lactobacillus reuteri protects mice against Salmonella typhimurium challenge by activating macrophages to produce nitric oxide\u2019","volume":"137","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"B34","first-page":"129","article-title":"Revival of microbial therapeutics, with emphasis on probiotic lactobacillus (REVIEW).","volume":"2020","author":"Kakabadze","year":"2020","journal-title":"Georgian Med. News"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229647","article-title":"\u2018Beneficial effect of immunobiotic strains on attenuation of Salmonella induced inflammatory response in human intestinal epithelial cells\u2019","volume":"15","author":"Kanmani","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-020-09682-3","article-title":"\u2018Inhibitory Effect of Lipoteichoic Acid Derived from Three Lactobacilli on Flagellin-Induced IL-8 Production in Porcine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells\u2019","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Probiot. Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.jjid.2020.548","article-title":"Spread of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella from poultry to humans in Thailand.","volume":"74","author":"Kongsanan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jpn J. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.33073\/pjm-2020-001","article-title":"\u2018Anti-Salmonella Potential of New Lactobacillus Strains with the Application in the Poultry Industry\u2019","volume":"69","author":"Kowalska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pol. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"B39","first-page":"103","article-title":"\u2018Evaluation in vitro of the antagonistic substances produced by Lactobacillus spp. isolated from chickens\u2019","volume":"71","author":"Lima","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B40","article-title":"\u2018Lactobacillus plantarum ZS2058 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Use Different Mechanisms to Prevent Salmonella Infection in vivo\u2019","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3673","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO00365C","article-title":"\u2018Strain-specific properties of Lactobacillus plantarum for prevention of Salmonella infection\u2019","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3470","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00351-15","article-title":"\u2018The Periplasmic Nitrate Reductase NapABC Supports Luminal Growth of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium during Colitis\u2019","volume":"83","author":"Lopez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B43","article-title":"Phage-mediated acquisition of a type III secreted effector protein boosts growth of salmonella by nitrate respiration.","volume":"2012","author":"Lopez","year":"2012","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2007.06.010","article-title":"\u2018Host-mediated inflammation disrupts the intestinal microbiota and promotes the overgrowth of Enterobacteriaceae\u2019","volume":"2","author":"Lupp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1086\/650733","article-title":"\u2018The global burden of nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis\u2019","volume":"50","author":"Majowicz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2020GH000294","article-title":"Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Salmonella enterica in Rural Areas of North Carolina After Hurricane Florence in 2018.","volume":"5","author":"Mao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geohealth"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007847","article-title":"\u2018Inflammatory monocytes provide a niche for Salmonella expansion in the lumen of the inflamed intestine\u2019","volume":"15","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00571","article-title":"\u2018Lipoteichoic Acid Is Involved in the Ability of the Immunobiotic Strain Lactobacillus plantarum CRL1506 to Modulate the Intestinal Antiviral Innate Immunity Triggered by TLR3 Activation\u2019","volume":"11","author":"Mizuno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.11.014","article-title":"\u2018In vitro evaluation of adherence and anti-infective property of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum DM 69 against Salmonella enterica\u2019","volume":"126","author":"Mohanty","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e318269fdd5","article-title":"\u2018FAO\/WHO guidelines on probiotics: 10 years later\u2019","author":"Morelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3920\/bm2018.0034","article-title":"\u2018Protective effect of Lactobacillus reuteri KUB-AC5 against Salmonella Enteritidis challenge in chickens\u2019","volume":"10","author":"Nakphaichit","year":"2019","journal-title":"Benef Microbes"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01637","article-title":"\u2018The effect of including Lactobacillus reuteri KUB-AC5 during post-hatch feeding on the growth and ileum microbiota of broiler chickens\u2019","volume":"90","author":"Nakphaichit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Poultr. Sci."},{"key":"B53","first-page":"387","article-title":"Screening and Identification of Effective Thermotolerant Lactic Acid Bacteria Producing Antimicrobial Activity Against Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. Resistant to Antibiotics.","volume":"2000","author":"Nitisinprasert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kasetsart J."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2019.1638724","article-title":"\u2018Prevention of enteric bacterial infections and modulation of gut microbiota with conjugated linoleic acids producing Lactobacillus in mice\u2019","volume":"11","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2021.03.010","article-title":"Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1, a.k.a. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1: Past and Future Perspectives.","volume":"29","author":"Petrova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-018-9436-5","article-title":"\u2018Probiotics L. acidophilus and B. clausii Modulate Gut Microbiota in Th1- and Th2-Biased Mice to Ameliorate Salmonella Typhimurium-Induced Diarrhea\u2019","volume":"11","author":"Pradhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3598","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00795-12","article-title":"\u2018Microbiological analysis of nontyphoidal Salmonella strains causing distinct syndromes of bacteremia or enteritis in HIV\/AIDS patients in San Diego, California.","volume":"50","author":"Preziosi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-091014-104108","article-title":"\u2018The Pyromaniac Inside You: Salmonella Metabolism in the Host Gut\u2019","volume":"69","author":"Rivera-Chavez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B59","article-title":"Salmonella versus the Microbiome.","volume":"2021","author":"Rogers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00252","article-title":"\u2018Pathobiology of salmonella, intestinal microbiota, and the host innate immune response\u2019","volume":"5","author":"Santos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2009.08.008","article-title":"\u2018Life in the inflamed intestine. Salmonella style.","volume":"17","author":"Santos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1016\/s1286-4579(01)01495-2","article-title":"\u2018Animal models of Salmonella infections: enteritis versus typhoid fever\u2019","volume":"3","author":"Santos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.1c00005","article-title":"Conjugation to Enterobactin and Salmochelin S4 Enhances the Antimicrobial Activity and Selectivity of \u03b2-Lactam Antibiotics against Nontyphoidal Salmonella.","volume":"7","author":"Sargun","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12837","article-title":"\u2018Pathogenicity of clinical Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates from Thailand in a mouse colitis model\u2019","volume":"64","author":"Sarichai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4081","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1403169","article-title":"\u2018No vacancy: how beneficial microbes cooperate with immunity to provide colonization resistance to pathogens\u2019","volume":"194","author":"Sassone-Corsi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.73","article-title":"\u2018Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method\u2019","volume":"3","author":"Schmittgen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.592223","article-title":"\u2018Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamases in Human Isolates of Multidrug-Resistant Non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica\u2019","volume":"11","author":"Sedrakyan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103773","article-title":"\u2018Antagonistic trait of Lactobacillus reuteri S5 against Salmonella enteritidis and assessment of its potential probiotic characteristics\u2019","volume":"137","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"B69","first-page":"5","article-title":"\u2018Evaluation of Lactobacillus spp. and yeast based probiotic (Lavipan) supplementation for the reduction of Salmonella Enteritidis after infection of broiler chickens\u2019","volume":"22","author":"Smialek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pol. J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez549","article-title":"\u2018Antimicrobial peptide presenting potential strain-specific real time polymerase chain reaction assay for detecting the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri KUB-AC5 in chicken intestine\u2019","volume":"99","author":"Sobanbua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"B71","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Cloning and expression of the antimicrobial peptide from Lactobacillus reuteri KUB-AC5 and its characterization.","volume":"2020","author":"Sobanbua","year":"2020","journal-title":"Internat. J. Agricult. Technol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050244","article-title":"\u2018Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium exploits inflammation to compete with the intestinal microbiota\u2019","volume":"5","author":"Stecher","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.5.1357-1366.1995","article-title":"\u2018Ethanolamine utilization in Salmonella typhimurium: nucleotide sequence, protein expression, and mutational analysis of the cchA cchB eutE eutJ eutG eutH gene cluster\u2019","volume":"177","author":"Stojiljkovic","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s15006-021-9762-5","article-title":"Systematic review: clinical evidence of probiotics in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea.","volume":"163","author":"Storr","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMW Fortschr. Med"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.12.007","article-title":"\u2018Epidemic patterns of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum isolates in China during the past half-century\u2019","volume":"100","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028x.jfp-18-552","article-title":"\u2018Detection of Virulence Plasmid-Encoded Genes in Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Kentucky Isolates Recovered from Commercially Processed Chicken Carcasses\u2019","volume":"82","author":"Tasmin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2011.10.002","article-title":"\u2018Salmonella, the host and its microbiota\u2019","volume":"15","author":"Thiennimitr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17480","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1107857108","article-title":"\u2018Intestinal inflammation allows Salmonella to use ethanolamine to compete with the microbiota\u2019","volume":"108","author":"Thiennimitr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4143-1_28","article-title":"\u2018Of mice, calves, and men. Comparison of the mouse typhoid model with other Salmonella infections.","volume":"473","author":"Tsolis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01369-10","article-title":"\u2018How to become a top model: impact of animal experimentation on human Salmonella disease research\u2019","volume":"79","author":"Tsolis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9519718","article-title":"The Growing Genetic and Functional Diversity of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases.","volume":"2018","author":"Ur Rahman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006718","article-title":"\u2018Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellosis in rural Thailand from 2006-2014\u2019","volume":"12","author":"Whistler","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop Dis."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09415","article-title":"\u2018Gut inflammation provides a respiratory electron acceptor for Salmonella\u2019","volume":"467","author":"Winter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232467","article-title":"\u2018Host-derived nitrate boosts growth of E. coli in the inflamed gut\u2019","volume":"339","author":"Winter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/973209","article-title":"\u2018In vitro prevention of salmonella lipopolysaccharide-induced damages in epithelial barrier function by various lactobacillus strains\u2019","volume":"2013","author":"Yeung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.08.008","article-title":"\u2018Anti-inflammatory capacity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in monophasic variant Salmonella infected piglets is correlated with impeding NLRP6-mediated host inflammatory responses\u2019","volume":"210","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841x.2012.691460","article-title":"\u2018Epidemiology and genetics of CTX-M extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in Gram-negative bacteria\u2019","volume":"39","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.716761\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T05:57:50Z","timestamp":1629698270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.716761\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]]},"references-count":87,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2021.716761"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.716761","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]]},"article-number":"716761"}}