{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:13:26Z","timestamp":1787958806092,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>As a multifunctional signaling molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S) has been reported to induce plant responses to a variety of abiotic stresses. However, there are no reports on H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S treatment inducing resistance in apples against <jats:italic>Penicillium expansum<\/jats:italic>, a biotic factor, and its possible mechanism of action. In this study, fumigating apples with 5 mM sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), the exogenous donor of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S, for 12 h reduced the diameter of lesions in fruit colonized by <jats:italic>P. expansum<\/jats:italic>. NaHS treatment markedly promoted the synthesis of endogenous H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S, hydrogen peroxide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), and nitrogen oxide (NO). <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> NaHS treatment enhanced the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase isoenzymes, caffeoyl-CoA-O-methyltransferase, caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase, ferulic acid-5-hydroxylase, cinnamyl-CoA reductase, and cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase. The treatment also facilitated the production of specific phenolic acids, such as cinnamic acid, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and sinapic acid; total phenolic compounds; <jats:italic>p-<\/jats:italic>coumaryl alcohol; coniferyl alcohol; sinapyl alcohol; and lignin. NaHS treatment induced resistance against <jats:italic>P. expansum<\/jats:italic> in apples through H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>- and NO-mediated activation of phenylpropanoid metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.720372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T01:26:17Z","timestamp":1630718777000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Sodium Hydrosulfide Induces Resistance Against Penicillium expansum in Apples by Regulating Hydrogen Peroxide and Nitric Oxide Activation of Phenylpropanoid Metabolism"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Huiwen","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongxiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dov","family":"Prusky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2006.01.026","article-title":"Modeling suberization with peroxidase-catalyzed polymeriz-etion of hydroxy-cinnamic acids: Cross-coupling and dimerization reactions.","volume":"67","author":"Arrieta-Baez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092","article-title":"New insights into nitric oxide signaling in plants.","volume":"59","author":"Besson-Bard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. 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