{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:19:49Z","timestamp":1787026789931,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    serovar Kentucky (\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Kentucky) with sequence type (ST) 198 and highly resistant to ciprofloxacin (ST198-Cip\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    ) has emerged as a global MDR clone, posing a threat to public health. In the present study, whole genome sequencing (WGS) was applied to characterize all Cip\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Kentucky detected in five Spanish hospitals during 2009\u20132018. All Cip\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    isolates (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 13) were ST198 and carried point mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of both\n                    <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n                    (resulting in Ser83Phe and Asp87Gly, Asp87Asn, or Asp87Tyr substitutions in GyrA) and\n                    <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic>\n                    (with Thr57Ser and Ser80Ile substitutions in ParC). Resistances to other antibiotics (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline), mediated by the\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>TEM\u2013<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>catA1, aacA5<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>aadA7, strA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>strB<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>sul1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (A) genes, and arranged in different combinations, were also observed. Analysis of the genetic environment of the latter resistance genes revealed the presence of multiple variants of SGI1 (\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    genomic island 1)-K and SGI1-P, where all these resistance genes except\n                    <jats:italic>catA1<\/jats:italic>\n                    were placed. IS\n                    <jats:italic>26<\/jats:italic>\n                    elements, found at multiple locations within the SGI1 variants, have probably played a crucial role in their generation. Despite the wide diversity of SGI1-K- and SGI1-P-like structures, phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between isolates from different hospitals, which were separated by a minimum of two and a maximum of 160 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Considering that\n                    <jats:italic>S. enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates resistant to fluoroquinolones belong to the high priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria compiled by the World Health Organization, continuous surveillance of the\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Kentucky ST198-CIP\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    clone is required.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.720449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]],"date-time":"2021-10-06T15:05:58Z","timestamp":1633532758000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Genomic Analysis of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky ST198 From Spanish Hospitals"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xenia","family":"V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Bances","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Lumbreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Alkorta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Hern\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"de la Iglesia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"de Toro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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