{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T07:58:13Z","timestamp":1764403093264,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81871734","81471994"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81871734","81471994"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>This study analyzed the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and mechanisms of quinolone, cephalosporins, and colistin resistance in nontyphoidal<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>from patients with diarrhea in Jiangsu, China.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>A total of 741 nontyphoidal<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>isolates were collected from hospitals in major cities of Jiangsu Province, China between 2016 and 2017. Their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics was evaluated by broth micro-dilution and sequencing analysis of resistance genes screened by a PCR method. For<jats:italic>mcr-1<\/jats:italic>positive isolates, genetic relationship study was carried out by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multiloci sequence typing analysis. The transferability of these plasmids was measured with conjugation experiments and the genetic locations of<jats:italic>mcr-1<\/jats:italic>were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of S1-digested genomic DNA and subsequent Southern blot hybridization.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>Among 741 nontyphoidal<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>isolates, the most common serotypes identified were<jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>Typhimurium (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=257, 34.7%) and<jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>Enteritidis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=127, 17.1%), and the isolates showed 21.7, 20.6, and 5.0% resistance to cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, and colistin, respectively. Among the 335 nalidixic acid-resistant<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>, 213 (63.6%) and 45 (13.4%) had at least one mutation in<jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic>. Among the plasmid-borne resistance,<jats:italic>qnrS1<\/jats:italic>(85; 41.9%) and<jats:italic>aac(6')-Ib-cr4<\/jats:italic>(75; 36.9%) were the most common quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, while<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M-14<\/jats:sub>(<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=35) and<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M-55<\/jats:sub>(<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=46) were found to be dominant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes in nontyphoidal<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>. In addition, eight<jats:italic>mcr-1<\/jats:italic>-harboring strains were detected since 2016 and they were predominate in children under the age of 7years. Conjugation assays showed the donor<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>strain has functional and transferable colistin resistance and Southern blot hybridization revealed that<jats:italic>mcr-1<\/jats:italic>was located in a high molecular weight plasmid.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>In nontyphoidal<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>, there is a rapidly increasing trend of colistin resistance and this is the first report of patients harboring<jats:italic>mcr-1<\/jats:italic>-positive<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>with a new ST type ST155 and new serotype<jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>Sinstorf. These findings demonstrate the necessity for cautious use and the continuous monitoring of colistin in clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.723697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T10:52:48Z","timestamp":1630752768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Emergence of mcr-1-Harboring Salmonella enterica Serovar Sinstorf Type ST155 Isolated From Patients With Diarrhea in Jiangsu, China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Guoye","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huimin","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benshun","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changjun","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw149","article-title":"Colistin resistance in Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolates from a pig farm in Great Britain","volume":"71","author":"Anjum","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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