{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:11:16Z","timestamp":1790727076085,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, the CTX-M-55 extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-positive rate has gradually increased in the clinic. To identify the molecular epidemiology and characteristics of <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX\u2013M<\/jats:sub><jats:sub>\u201355<\/jats:sub>-positive isolates, a total of 374 non-repetitive ESBL-producing <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> strains were collected from patients in two hospitals in Guangzhou, and 89 <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX\u2013M<\/jats:sub><jats:sub>\u201355<\/jats:sub>-positive isolates were selected by CTX-M-1-group PCR amplification and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Whole-genome sequencing was used to analyze the resistance phenotype, plasmid types, phylogenetic relationships and genetic environment of the <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX\u2013M<\/jats:sub><jats:sub>\u201355<\/jats:sub> gene. Conjugation experiments and PCR were performed to confirm whether the plasmid harboring <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX\u2013M\u201355<\/jats:sub> gene could be transferred. The results showed that all <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX\u2013M\u201355<\/jats:sub>-positive isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, and 88.76 and 76.40% were resistant to ceftazidime and cefepime, respectively. The resistance rates to levofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole were 66.29 and 59.55%, respectively. However, the sensitivity rate of piperacillin\/tazobactam, amoxicillin\/clavulanate, and amikacin exceeded 90%. All <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX\u2013M\u201355<\/jats:sub>-positive isolates were sensitive to carbapenems. Thirty-two STs were detected in the <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX\u2013M\u201355<\/jats:sub>-positive isolates, among which the detection rate of ST1193 was relatively high (19.10%, 17\/89), and other ST types were scattered. It remains to be seen whether ST1193 carrying the <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX\u2013M<\/jats:sub><jats:sub>\u201355<\/jats:sub> gene can become a popular clone strain in this region in the future. The plasmid types carrying the <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX\u2013M<\/jats:sub><jats:sub>\u201355<\/jats:sub> gene included IncI1, IncFII, IncFIC, IncFIB, IncHI2, IncI2, and IncX\/Y, among which the IncI1 and IncFII plasmids were the main plasmids, accounting for 37.80 and 28.09%, respectively. Among them, 11 strains of the IncI1 plasmid existed in ST1193 strains. The <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX\u2013M<\/jats:sub><jats:sub>\u201355<\/jats:sub> gene was found on chromosomes of 13 isolates, and seemed to be increasing annually. Up to five distinct types of genetic environments surrounding the <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX\u2013M<\/jats:sub><jats:sub>\u201355<\/jats:sub> gene were analyzed. The most common structure was type II \u201cIS<jats:italic>Ecp1<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX\u2013M<\/jats:sub><jats:sub>\u201355<\/jats:sub>-ORF477.\u201d In conclusion, whether ST1193, which carries <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX\u2013M<\/jats:sub><jats:sub>\u201355<\/jats:sub> gene, will be an epidemic clone of this region in the future remains to be concerned. The plasmids IncI1 and IncFII, and mobile elements such as IS<jats:italic>Ecp1<\/jats:italic> and IS<jats:italic>26<\/jats:italic> may be the main factors leading to the spread and prevalence of CTX-M-55 genotypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.730012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T15:59:58Z","timestamp":1634140798000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Molecular Epidemiology and Characteristics of CTX-M-55 Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli From Guangzhou, China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shihan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiankai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LiShao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiwu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-402","article-title":"BLAST ring image generator (BRIG): simple prokaryote genome comparisons.","volume":"12","author":"Alikhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","article-title":"SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing.","volume":"19","author":"Bankevich","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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