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Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Evidence supports the observational associations of gut microbiota with a variety of psychiatric disorders, but the causal nature of such associations remains obscure. Aiming to comprehensively investigate their causal relationship and to identify specific causal microbe taxa for psychiatric diseases, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of gut microbiome with 15 psychiatric diseases. Specifically, the microbiome genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 18,473 individuals from the MiBioGen study was used as exposure sample, and the GWAS for 15 psychiatric diseases was used as outcome samples. One-hundred ninety bacterial taxa from six levels were available for analysis. At a multiple-testing corrected significance level (phylum\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 5.56 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20133<\/jats:sup>\n                    , class\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 3.33 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20133<\/jats:sup>\n                    , order\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 2.63 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20133<\/jats:sup>\n                    , family\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 1.67 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20133<\/jats:sup>\n                    , genus\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 4.90 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20134<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and species\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 3.33 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20133<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), the following eight causal associations from seven bacterial features (one phylum + three classes + one order + one family + one species) were identified: family\n                    <jats:italic>Prevotellaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    with autism spectrum disorder (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 5.31 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20134<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), class\n                    <jats:italic>Betaproteobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    with bipolar disorder (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1.53 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20133<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), class\n                    <jats:italic>Actinobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    with schizophrenia (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1.33 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20133<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), class\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroidia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and order\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroidales<\/jats:italic>\n                    with Tourette syndrome (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 2.51 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20133<\/jats:sup>\n                    and 2.51 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20133<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), phylum\n                    <jats:italic>Actinobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    and class\n                    <jats:italic>Actinobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    with extroversion (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 8.22 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20134<\/jats:sup>\n                    and 1.09 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20133<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), and species\n                    <jats:italic>Clostridium innocuum<\/jats:italic>\n                    with neuroticism (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 8.92 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20134<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Sensitivity analysis showed no evidence of reverse causality, pleiotropy, and heterogeneity. Our findings offered novel insights into the gut microbiota\u2013mediated development mechanism of psychiatric disorders.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.737197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]],"date-time":"2022-02-04T02:59:03Z","timestamp":1643943543000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["Gut Microbiota and Psychiatric Disorders: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jing-Jing","family":"Ni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan-Shan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bai-Xue","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Tong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gui-Juan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Fang","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.12882","article-title":"Shifts in gut microbiota composition in an APP\/PSS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease during lifespan.","volume":"66","author":"Bauerl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lett. 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