{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T21:13:43Z","timestamp":1791062023009,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold>Ongoing acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes has made<jats:italic>Morganella morganii<\/jats:italic>a new clinical treatment challenge. Understanding the molecular epidemiology of<jats:italic>M. morganii<\/jats:italic>will contribute to clinical treatment and prevention.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>We undertook a 6-year clinical molecular epidemiological investigation of<jats:italic>M. morganii<\/jats:italic>from three tertiary hospitals in China since 2014. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using a VITEK-2 system. All isolates were screened for \u03b2-lactam and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes by PCR. Isolates carrying carbapenem-resistant genes were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The variation and evolution of these mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were then systematically analyzed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>Among all<jats:italic>M. morganii<\/jats:italic>isolates (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 335), forty (11.9%) were recognized as multidrug resistant strains.<jats:italic>qnrD1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>aac(6\u2032)-Ib-cr<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM\u2013104<\/jats:sub>, and<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX\u2013M\u2013162<\/jats:sub>were the top four most prevalent resistance genes. Notably, phylogenomic and population structure analysis suggested clade 1 (rhierBAPS SC3 and SC5) associated with multiple resistance genes seemed to be widely spread. WGS showed a<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>OXA\u2013181<\/jats:sub>-carrying IncX3 plasmid and a<jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic>genomic island 2 variant carrying<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX\u2013M\u20133<\/jats:sub>,<jats:italic>aac(6\u2032)-Ib-cr<\/jats:italic>coexisted in the same multidrug resistant strain zy_m28. Additionally, a<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>IMP\u20131<\/jats:sub>-carrying IncP-1\u03b2 type plasmid was found in the strain nx_m63.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>This study indicates a clade of<jats:italic>M. morganii<\/jats:italic>is prone to acquire resistance genes, and multidrug resistant<jats:italic>M. morganii<\/jats:italic>are increasing by harboring a variety of MGEs including two newly discovered ones in the species. We should be vigilant that<jats:italic>M. morganii<\/jats:italic>may bring more extensive and challenging antimicrobial resistance issue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.744291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T18:02:24Z","timestamp":1632852144000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Clinical Molecular and Genomic Epidemiology of Morganella morganii in China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Guoxiu","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianming","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weizheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongwen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuegao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caixia","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Wei","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cha","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz542","article-title":"Occurrence of NDM-1-producing Morganella morganii and Proteus mirabilis in a single patient in Portugal: probable in vivo transfer by conjugation.","volume":"75","author":"Aires-de-Sousa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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