{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:35:32Z","timestamp":1790624132205,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81830069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81830069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81861138054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81861138054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The non-Typhi <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> (NTS) infection is critical to children\u2019s health, and the ceftriaxone is the important empirical treatment choice. With the increase resistance rate of ceftriaxone in <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>, the molecular epidemiology and resistance mechanism of ceftriaxone-resistant <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> needs to be studied. From July 2019 to July 2020, a total of 205 NTS isolates were collected, 195 of which (95.1%) were cultured from stool, but 10 isolates were isolated from an extraintestinal site. Serogroup B accounted for the vast majority (137\/205) among the isolates. Fifty-three isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, and 50 were isolated from children younger than 4years of age. The resistance rates for ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin were significantly higher in younger children than the older children. The resistance genes in the ceftriaxone-susceptible isolates were detected by PCR, and ceftriaxone-resistant <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> were selected for further whole-genome sequencing. Whole-genome analysis showed that serotype Typhimurium and its monophasic variant was the most prevalent in ceftriaxone-resistant isolates (37\/53), which comprised ST34 (33\/53), ST19 (2\/53), and ST99 (2\/53), and they were close related in the phylogenetic tree. However, the other isolates were diverse, which included one Enteritidis (ST11), one Indiana (ST17), one Derby (ST40), four Kentucky (ST198), two Goldcoast (ST2529, ST358), one Muenster (ST321), one Virchow (ST359), one Rissen (ST469), one Kedougou (ST1543), two Uganda (ST684), and one Kottbus (ST8839). Moreover, CTX-M-55 ESBLs production (33\/53) was found to be mainly responsible for ceftriaxone resistance, followed by <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M-65<\/jats:sub> (12\/53), <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M-14<\/jats:sub> (4\/53), <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M-9<\/jats:sub> (2\/53), <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M-64<\/jats:sub> (1\/53), <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M-130<\/jats:sub> (1\/53), and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CMY-2<\/jats:sub> (1\/53). IS<jats:italic>Ecp1<\/jats:italic>, IS<jats:italic>903B<\/jats:italic>, IS <jats:italic>Kpn26<\/jats:italic>, IS<jats:italic>1F<\/jats:italic>, and IS<jats:italic>26<\/jats:italic> were connected to antimicrobial resistance genes transfer. In conclusion, the dissemination of ESBL-producing <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> isolates resulted in an increased prevalence of ceftriaxone resistance in young children. The high rate of multidrug resistance should be given additional attention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.764787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T06:15:26Z","timestamp":1637561726000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Prevalence and Characteristics of Ceftriaxone-Resistant Salmonella in Children\u2019s Hospital in Hangzhou, China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Qiucheng","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihua","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinhong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingming","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunsong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3895","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02412-14","article-title":"In silico detection and typing of plasmids using PlasmidFinder and plasmid multilocus sequence typing","volume":"58","author":"Carattoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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