{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:29:52Z","timestamp":1791649792215,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to determine the effect of enrofloxacin (ENR) on the transfer of the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene <jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic> from opportunistic pathogen <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (E2) to <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> Enteritidis (SE211) and to analyze the resistance characteristics of SE211-<jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic> isolates. The plasmid carrying <jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic> gene of E2 was sequenced by Oxford Nanopore technology. The plasmid carrying <jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic> gene belonged to incompatibility group IncY. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, the transfer experiment of IncY plasmid was performed by the liquid medium conjugation method. The conjugation transfer frequency of the IncY plasmid was 0.008 \u00b1 0.0006 in the absence of ENR, 0.012 \u00b1 0.003 in 1\/32 MIC<jats:sub>ENR<\/jats:sub>, 0.01 \u00b1 0.008 in 1\/8 MIC<jats:sub>ENR<\/jats:sub>, and 0.03 \u00b1 0.015 (Mean\u00b1SD) in 1\/2 MIC<jats:sub>ENR<\/jats:sub>, respectively. After inoculation of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> E2 and SE211, chickens were treated with different doses of ENR (3.03, 10, and 50 mg\/kg b.w.) for 7 days consecutively. To screen the SE211-<jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic> strains from intestinal tract of chickens, the resistance genes and susceptibility of isolates were identified. The amount of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> E2 and the copy number of <jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic> gene in the chicken intestinal tract were determined by colony counting and qPCR, respectively. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>, more SE211-<jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic> strains were isolated from the treated group compared with the untreated group. SE211-<jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic> strains not only obtained IncY plasmid, but also showed similar resistance phenotype as E2. In conclusion, ENR treatment can promote the spread of a IncY-resistance plasmid carrying the <jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic> fluoroquinolone-resistance gene in <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> and the development of drug-resistant bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.773664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T07:28:04Z","timestamp":1644996484000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Enrofloxacin Promotes Plasmid-Mediated Conjugation Transfer of Fluoroquinolone-Resistance Gene qnrS"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengzheng","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luqing","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaixuan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangru","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menghong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2017-0609","article-title":"Plasmid persistence: costs, benefits, and the plasmid paradox.","volume":"64","author":"Carroll","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can. 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