{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T03:30:44Z","timestamp":1792467044760,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31772631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31772631"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32072760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072760"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Successful establishment of passive immunity (PIT) and regulation of intestinal microbiota are crucial for ruminants to maintain body health and reduce the risk of disease during the neonatal period. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation on passive transfer of immunoglobulin G (IgG), serum inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant levels as well as bacteria composition in the ileal digesta. A total of 14 healthy neonatal Ganxi black goats with similar birth weight (BW: 2.35\u2009\u00b1\u20090.55\u2009kg) were selected and allocated into two groups, only fed colostrum and milk replacer (CON, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097) and supplemented MOS (0.06% of birth BW) in the colostrum and milk replacer (MOS, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097). The results indicated that MOS supplementation significantly reduced (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) serum IgG level at 3 and 6\u2009h after colostrum feeding. Serum GLP-1 level of goats in the MOS group was significantly lower (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) than that in the CON group. Goats in the MOS group had higher serum CAT and lower MDA level than those in the CON group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Serum anti-inflammatory cytokine level of interleukin 4 (IL-4) was increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), while pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 level was reduced (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) in the MOS group when compared with the CON group. In addition, MOS supplementation remarkably increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) the level of secretory IgA (sIgA) in the ileal digesta. Principal coordinate analysis of 16S rRNA sequence based on Brinary jaccard, Bray curtis, and weighted UniFrac distance of ileal microbiota showed a distinct microbial differentiation between the CON and MOS groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). The relative abundance of <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic> in the MOS group was higher than that in the CON group, while the abundance of <jats:italic>Verrucomicrobia<\/jats:italic> was lower in the MOS group than that in the CON group at the phylum level (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). The relative abundance of <jats:italic>Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic> tended to decrease (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.078) in the MOS group at the phylum level. The results of LEfSe analysis showed that MOS group was characterized by a higher relative abundance of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>, while the CON group was represented by a higher relative abundance of <jats:italic>Akkermansia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ruminiclostridium_5<\/jats:italic>. Our findings demonstrated that MOS supplementation during the neonatal period increases antioxidant capacity and reduces the inflammatory response, and promotes IgA secretion and <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> colonization in the ileum. Thus, MOS induced positive effects are more pronounced in neonatal goats that might be an effective approach to maintain intestinal health and improve the surviving rate of neonatal ruminants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.795081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T08:12:26Z","timestamp":1641283946000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Supplementing Mannan Oligosaccharide Reduces the Passive Transfer of Immunoglobulin G and Improves Antioxidative Capacity, Immunity, and Intestinal Microbiota in Neonatal Goats"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianxi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quanhua","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kefyalew","family":"Gebeyew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guowei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiliang","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixiong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1071\/AN15032","article-title":"Effect of dietary mannan-oligosaccharides on some blood biochemical, haematological parameters and carcass traits in purebred New Zealand white and crossbred rabbits","volume":"56","author":"Abdel-Hamid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2011.12.007","article-title":"Factors affecting calf mortality in Iranian Holstein dairy herds","volume":"104","author":"Azizzadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/86.6.1070","article-title":"Effects of purified lignin and mannan oligosaccharides on intestinal integrity and microbial populations in the ceca and litter of broiler chickens","volume":"86","author":"Baurhoo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21767\/2572-5459.100020","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the inclusion of bio-Mos\u00ae in milk or milk replacer fed to dairy calves on daily weight gain in the pre-weaning period","volume":"1","author":"Berge","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Res. Nutr."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2004.04.006","article-title":"Transmission of small ruminant lentiviruses","volume":"101","author":"Blacklaws","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.4236\/ojas.2014.45041","article-title":"Immunoglobulin transport during gestation in domestic animals and humans\u2014a review","volume":"4","author":"Borghesi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Open J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew140","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide and oregano essential oil in forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age","volume":"95","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6415","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9481","article-title":"Supplementing fresh bovine colostrum with gut-active carbohydrates reduces passive transfer of immunoglobulin G in Holstein dairy calves","volume":"98","author":"Brady","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806191105","article-title":"Gene-centric metagenomics of the fiber-adherent bovine rumen microbiome reveals forage specific glycoside hydrolases","volume":"106","author":"Brulc","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0261-4","article-title":"Epithelial toll-like receptors and their role in gut homeostasis and disease","volume":"17","author":"Burgue\u00f1o","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2012.01921.x","article-title":"Intestinal barrier function in health and gastrointestinal disease","volume":"24","author":"Camilleri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303","article-title":"QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data","volume":"7","author":"Caporaso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2010-3208","article-title":"Mannan oligosaccharide improves immune responses and growth efficiency of nursery pigs experimentally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus","volume":"89","author":"Che","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598691","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.598691","article-title":"Changes of intestinal oxidative stress, inflammation, and gene expression in neonatal Diarrhoea kids","volume":"8","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.1.171","article-title":"Lactobacilli differentially modulate expression of cytokines and maturation surface markers in murine dendritic cells","volume":"168","author":"Christensen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/86.5.921","article-title":"Gastrointestinal maturation is accelerated in Turkey poults supplemented with a mannan-oligosaccharide yeast extract (Alphamune)","volume":"86","author":"De Los Santos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2697","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-5220","article-title":"Heat treatment of colostrum on commercial dairy farms decreases colostrum microbial counts while maintaining colostrum immunoglobulin G concentrations","volume":"95","author":"Donahue","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2016.05.002","article-title":"Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide supplementation on performance and immune response of sows and their offspring","volume":"218","author":"Duan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1017\/s1751731115001974","article-title":"Invited review: improving neonatal survival in small ruminants: science into practice","volume":"10","author":"Dwyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e49138","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049138","article-title":"Integrated metagenomics\/metaproteomics reveals human host-microbiota signatures of Crohn's disease","volume":"7","author":"Erickson","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3099","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13397","article-title":"Effect of delaying colostrum feeding on passive transfer and intestinal bacterial colonization in neonatal male Holstein calves","volume":"101","author":"Fischer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801233","article-title":"Glucose-based oligosaccharides exhibit different in vitro fermentation patterns and affect in vivo apparent nutrient digestibility and microbial populations in dogs","volume":"130","author":"Flickinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(05)72740-5","article-title":"Immune parameters of dry cows fed Mannan oligosaccharide and subsequent transfer of immunity to calves","volume":"88","author":"Franklin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"453","article-title":"Malondialdehyde (MDA) as a lipid peroxidation marker","volume":"57","author":"Gawe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Wiad. Lek."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4029","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-5275","article-title":"Heat-treated colostrum and reduced morbidity in preweaned dairy calves: results of a randomized trial and examination of mechanisms of effectiveness","volume":"95","author":"Godden","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2013.07.009","article-title":"Effect of inclusion of lactulose and Lactobacillus plantarum on the intestinal environment and performance of piglets at weaning","volume":"185","author":"Guerra-Ordaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03562.x","article-title":"Review article: the role of butyrate on colonic function","volume":"27","author":"Hamer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.15232\/S1080-7446(15)30266-7","article-title":"Fecal and saliva IgA secretion when feeding a concentrated mannan oligosaccharide to neonatal dairy calves","volume":"29","author":"Heinrichs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prof. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-020-00532-4","article-title":"Lactobacillus reuteri-derived extracellular vesicles maintain intestinal immune homeostasis against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in broilers","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.07.009","article-title":"The zoonotic transmission of giardia and cryptosporidium","volume":"35","author":"Hunter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2676","article-title":"Predictive functional profiling of microbial communities using 16S rRNA marker gene sequences","volume":"31","author":"Langille","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1017\/s1751731110000194","article-title":"Effect of gut active carbohydrates on plasma IgG concentrations in piglets and calves","volume":"4","author":"Lazarevic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0726","article-title":"Insulin regulates glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion from the enteroendocrine L cell","volume":"150","author":"Lim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.05.025","article-title":"Preparation, composition analysis and antioxidant activities of konjac oligo-glucomannan","volume":"130","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4290","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-19425","article-title":"Effects of mannan-oligosaccharide and Bacillus subtilis supplementation to preweaning Holstein dairy heifers on body weight gain, diarrhea, and shedding of fecal pathogens","volume":"104","author":"Lucey","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8044","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9607","article-title":"Heat-treated colostrum feeding promotes beneficial bacteria colonization in the small intestine of neonatal calves","volume":"98","author":"Malmuthuge","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2017.00153","article-title":"Cecal microbiota in broilers fed with prebiotics","volume":"8","author":"Mesa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmaa120","article-title":"Supplementation of bovine colostrum in inflammatory bowel disease: benefits and contraindications","volume":"12","author":"Micha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3997","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-5174","article-title":"Nationwide evaluation of quality and composition of colostrum on dairy farms in the United States","volume":"95","author":"Morrill","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2011.11.017","article-title":"Intestinal IgG uptake by small intestine of goat kid fed goat or lyophilized bovine colostrum","volume":"144","author":"Nordi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/265623a0","article-title":"Adherence of Escherichia coli to human mucosal cells mediated by mannose receptors","volume":"265","author":"Ofek","year":"1977","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0173004","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173004","article-title":"Pili-like proteins of Akkermansia muciniphila modulate host immune responses and gut barrier function","volume":"12","author":"Ottman","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3123","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu494","article-title":"STAMP: statistical analysis of taxonomic and functional profiles","volume":"30","author":"Parks","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628685","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.628685","article-title":"Integrated microbiome and metabolome analysis reveals a positive change in the intestinal environment of myostatin edited large white pigs","volume":"12","author":"Pei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2011.10334","article-title":"Comparative effects of sodium gluconate, mannan oligosaccharide and potassium diformate on growth performances and small intestinal morphology of nursery pigs","volume":"24","author":"Poeikhampha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5700","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-7854","article-title":"Addition of gut active carbohydrates to colostrum replacer does not improve passive transfer of immunoglobulin G in Holstein dairy calves","volume":"97","author":"Robichaud","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.73","article-title":"Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method","volume":"3","author":"Schmittgen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00387","article-title":"Interactions of intestinal bacteria with components of the intestinal mucus","volume":"7","author":"Sicard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-35982012000300038","article-title":"Evaluation of mannan-oligosaccharides offered in milk replacers or calf starters and their effect on performance and rumen development of dairy calves","volume":"41","author":"Silva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Zootec."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2007.03.001","article-title":"Factors affecting survivability of Jamunapari kids under semi-intensive management system","volume":"34","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1017\/jan.2015.6","article-title":"A review of 733 published trials on bio-Mos\u00ae, a mannan oligosaccharide, and Actigen\u00ae, a second generation mannose rich fraction, on farm and companion animals","volume":"3","author":"Spring","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-277X.2002.00398.x","article-title":"Supplemental fructooligosaccharides and mannanoligosaccharides influence immune function, ileal and total tract nutrient digestibilities, microbial populations and concentrations of protein catabolites in the large bowel of dogs","volume":"132","author":"Swanson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.07.004","article-title":"Effect of wastewater intake on antioxidant and marker enzymes of tissue damage in rat tissues: implications for the use of biochemical markers","volume":"47","author":"Tabrez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1051\/gse:2007015","article-title":"Mortality and replacement rate of Tellicherry and its crossbred goats in Tamil Nadu","volume":"39","author":"Thiruvenkadan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2004.02.005","article-title":"Commensal bacteria (normal microflora), mucosal immunity and chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases","volume":"93","author":"Tlaskalov\u00e1-Hogenov\u00e1","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2020.1770096","article-title":"Effect of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) and inulin supplementation on the performance and certain physiological parameters of calves reared on milk replacer","volume":"48","author":"T\u00f3th","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Res."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12666","article-title":"Review on the effects of potential prebiotics on controlling intestinal enteropathogens Salmonella and Escherichia coli in pig production","volume":"102","author":"Tran","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2006.05.005","article-title":"The Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae and sister phyla comprise a superphylum with biotechnological and medical relevance","volume":"17","author":"Wagner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4985","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00753-08","article-title":"Ecological role of lactobacilli in the gastrointestinal tract: implications for fundamental and biomedical research","volume":"74","author":"Walter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2013.10.019","article-title":"Factors associated with morbidity, mortality, and growth of dairy heifer calves up to 3 months of age","volume":"113","author":"Windeyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6508","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201902537R","article-title":"Undernutrition-induced lipid metabolism disorder triggers oxidative stress in maternal and fetal livers using a model of pregnant sheep","volume":"34","author":"Xue","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2020.114792","article-title":"Effects of dietary Macleaya cordata extract inclusion on transcriptomes and inflammatory response in the lower gut of early weaned goats","volume":"272","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1994.74.1.139","article-title":"Cellular defenses against damage from reactive oxygen species","volume":"74","author":"Yu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00942","article-title":"Interactions between intestinal microbiota and host immune response in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skx040","article-title":"Effects of adding mannan oligosaccharides on digestibility and metabolism of nutrients, ruminal fermentation parameters, immunity, and antioxidant capacity of sheep","volume":"96","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9100817","article-title":"Effects of mannanoligosaccharide supplementation on the growth performance, immunity, and oxidative status of partridge shank chickens","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.795081\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T08:12:30Z","timestamp":1641283950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.795081\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2021.795081"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.795081","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]]},"article-number":"795081"}}