{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:52:04Z","timestamp":1792709524378,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated dietary supplementation with <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>BS)<\/jats:italic> ATCC19659 on growth performance, biochemical indices, intestinal morphology, and cecum microflora in broiler chicks. A total of 600 Arbor 1-day Acres broilers of either sex were allotted to 5 treatments: chicks were fed a corn- and soybean-based diet (CON); chicks were fed basal diet containing 500 mg ZnB\/kg (ZnB); chicks were fed basal diet containing 1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup> CFU\/g feed of BS-ATCC19659 (BS-1); chicks were fed basal diet containing 3 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup> CFU\/g feed of BS-ATCC19659 (BS-3); and chicks were fed basal diet containing 5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup> CFU\/g feed of BS-ATCC19659 (BS-5). Each treatment comprised 6 replicates with 20 birds for each replicate pen. Chicks in the BS-5 and BS-3 groups had higher body weight at the 21<jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup> and 42<jats:sup>nd<\/jats:sup> days and average daily gain from 1 to 21 days than that in the CON group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Chicks in the BS-5 and ZnB groups had higher serum antioxidant activities and immunity response than those in the CON group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the liver mRNA abundance of <jats:italic>GHR<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>TGF-\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IGF-1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IFN-\u03b3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>SOD<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CAT<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>GPX<\/jats:italic> of chicks in three <jats:italic>BS<\/jats:italic> groups and the ileum villus length (\u03bcm) of chicks in BS-3 and ZnB groups was increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio of the ileum of chicks in the BS-5 and BS-3 groups and the crypt depth and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio of the jejunum in the BS-5 and ZnB groups were increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). The abundance of the <jats:italic>Cyanobacteria<\/jats:italic> phyla in the cecum decreased in response to treatment with both <jats:italic>BS<\/jats:italic>-ATCC19659 and ZnB groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the cecum abundance of genera <jats:italic>GCA-900066575<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>Anaerofustis<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Papillibacter<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic> phylum) in three <jats:italic>BS<\/jats:italic> groups were increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05); The abundance of genus <jats:italic>Escherichia\u2013Shigella<\/jats:italic> reduced in the BS-3 group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the cecum abundance of genus <jats:italic>Clostridia_unclassified<\/jats:italic> in ZnB and BS-5 groups was decreased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) of broilers. Generally, <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic> ATCC19659 as feed additive positively affected growth performance, immunity response, and cecal microflora of broilers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.798350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T15:13:07Z","timestamp":1645542787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Feeding Bacillus subtilis ATCC19659 to Broiler Chickens Enhances Growth Performance and Immune Function by Modulating Intestinal Morphology and Cecum Microbiota"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Taha M.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weizhong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gifty Z.","family":"Bumbie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelmotaleb A.","family":"Elokil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled Abuelezz Fouad","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rao","family":"Zebin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liuting","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiru","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.2478\/aoas-2018-0059","article-title":"The effect of a probiotic preparation containing Bacillus subtilis PB6 in the diet of chickens on redox and biochemical parameters in their blood.","volume":"19","author":"Abramowicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. 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