{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T14:56:10Z","timestamp":1769525770712,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of multiple cross displacement amplification (MCDA) combined with real-time PCR platform in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. Total 228 PTB patients and 141 non-TB cases were enrolled. Based on the analysis of the first available sample of all participants, MCDA assay showed a higher overall sensitivity (64.0%), with a difference of more than 10% compared with Xpert MTB\/RIF (Xpert) assay (51.8%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) and combined liquid and solid culture (47.8%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) for PTB diagnosis. In particular, MCDA assay detected 31 probable TB patients, which notably increased the percentage of confirmed TB from 57.9% (132\/228) to 71.5% (163\/228). The specificities of microscopy, culture, Xpert and MCDA assay were 100% (141\/141), 100% (141\/141), 100% (141\/141), and 98.6% (139\/141), respectively. Among the patients with multiple samples, per patient sensitivity of MCDA assay was 60.5% (52\/86) when only the first available sputum sample was taken into account, and the sensitivity increased to 75.6% (65\/86) when all samples tested by MCDA assay were included into the analysis. Therefore, MCDA assay established in this study is rapid, accurate and affordable, which has the potential in assisting the accurate and rapid diagnosis of PTB and speed up initiation of TB treatment in settings equipped with real-time PCR platform.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.812690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T11:25:25Z","timestamp":1640258725000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Multiple Cross Displacement Amplification Combined With Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Platform: A Rapid, Sensitive Method to Detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Wei-wei","family":"Jiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gui-rong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie-qiong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya-cui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu-ting","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai-rong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A-dong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907847","article-title":"Rapid molecular detection of tuberculosis and rifampin resistance.","volume":"363","author":"Boehme","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.11.011","article-title":"Comparison of TB-LAMP, GeneXpert MTB\/RIF and culture for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in The Gambia.","volume":"72","author":"Bojang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"B3","first-page":"953","article-title":"Reducing the number of sputum samples examined and thresholds for positivity: an opportunity to optimise smear microscopy.","volume":"11","author":"Bonnet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30691-6","article-title":"Xpert MTB\/RIF Ultra for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance: a prospective multicentre diagnostic accuracy study.","volume":"18","author":"Dorman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02135","article-title":"Development and clinical validation of multiple cross displacement amplification combined with nanoparticles-based biosensor for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis: preliminary results.","volume":"10","author":"Jiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094544","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the PURE-LAMP test for pulmonary tuberculosis at the county-level laboratory in China.","volume":"9","author":"Ou","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01696-17","article-title":"False-Positive xpert mtb\/rif results in retested patients with previous tuberculosis: frequency, profile, and prospective clinical outcomes.","volume":"56","author":"Theron","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.02.60","article-title":"Incremental cost-effectiveness of the second Xpert MTB\/RIF assay to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis.","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.07.027","article-title":"Accuracy of Xpert MTB\/RIF ultra for the diagnosis of pleural TB in a multicenter cohort study.","volume":"157","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.02047","article-title":"Multiple cross displacement amplification combined with gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor for detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus.","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2632","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-017-1893-z","article-title":"Antarctic thermolabile uracil-DNA-glycosylase-supplemented multiple cross displacement amplification using a label-based nanoparticle lateral flow biosensor for the simultaneous detection of nucleic acid sequences and elimination of carryover contamination.","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"B12","article-title":"Rapid and sensitive isothermal detection of nucleic-acid sequence by multiple cross displacement amplification.","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01834","article-title":"Development of multiple cross displacement amplification label-based gold nanoparticles lateral flow biosensor for detection of shigella spp.","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B14","year":"2011","journal-title":"Policy Statement: Automated Real-Time Nucleic Acid Amplification Technology for Rapid and Simultaneous Detection of Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance: Xpert MTB\/RIF System."},{"key":"B15","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Use of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (TB-LAMP) for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Policy Guidance."},{"key":"B16","year":"2017","journal-title":"WHO meeting report of a technical expert consultation: non-inferiority analysis of Xpert MTB\/RIF Ultra compared to Xpert MTB\/RIF."},{"key":"B17","year":"2021","journal-title":"Global tuberculosis report."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.812690\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T11:25:34Z","timestamp":1640258734000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.812690\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2021.812690"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.812690","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"article-number":"812690"}}