{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:15:24Z","timestamp":1791288924651,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Probiotics can be used to treat oral diseases such as dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and halitosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study screened for strains capable of inhibiting <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>,one of the primary pathogenic bacteria responsible for dental caries by agar diffusion in different samples. Strain identification was performed by 16S rDNA sequencing and the API 50CH system. The potential functions of the strains in terms of oral health properties were also tested by agglutination assays, growth inhibition assays, adhesion assays, biofilm removal assays and inhibition of adhesion in human primary gingival epithelial (HPGE) cells assays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study identified a probiotic strain from fermented cabbages that has a strong inhibitory effect on <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>. The API 50CH system and 16S rDNA sequencing verified that this was a new strain and it was given the name, <jats:italic>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic> VHProbi<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>V38. Agglutination, growth inhibition and adhesion, and biofilm removal tests indicated that <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> VHProbi<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> V38 inhibited and reduced <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>. This probiotic was shown to have a broad antibacterial spectrum, simultaneously inhibiting the growth of periodontal pathogenic bacteria such as <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic>. After 2 hours of co-cultivation with these pathogens, <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> VHProbi<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> V38 was able to significantly reduce pathogens adhesion on human primary gingival epithelial (HPGE) cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> VHProbi<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> V38 could potentially prevent and treat periodontal diseases caused by these pathogenic bacteria. <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> VHProbi<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> V38 also adheres strongly to HPGE cells and thus has potential as an oral probiotic. This study describes new methods that can be used to aid the screening and identification of oral probiotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1000309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T06:51:08Z","timestamp":1670827868000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Identification of a new probiotic strain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum VHProbi\u00ae V38, and its use as an oral health agent"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jingyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4103\/2468-8932.196493","article-title":"Probiotics: current knowledge update","volume":"1","author":"Acharya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Pedod. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02391","article-title":"The microbiome of potentially malignant oral leukoplakia exhibits enrichment for Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Campylobacter, and Rothia species","volume":"8","author":"Amer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e282","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.21494","article-title":"Probiotics and oral health: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Amez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cirug. Bucal"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2019.04.005","article-title":"Effects of photodynamic therapy with indocyanine green on Streptococcus mutans biofilm","volume":"26","author":"Bal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.5923\/J.AJDV.20130202.02","article-title":"The use of konjac glucomannan hydrolysates (GMH) to improve the health of the skin and reduce acne vulgaris","volume":"2","author":"Bateni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2005.00232.x","article-title":"The complex oral microflora of high-risk individuals and groups and its role in the caries process","volume":"33","author":"Beighton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-013-0980-9","article-title":"Effect of a daily dose of Lactobacillus brevis CD2 lozenges in high caries risk schoolchildren","volume":"18","author":"Campus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.24.3.742-752.1979","article-title":"Specificity of coaggregation reactions between human oral streptococci and strains of Actinomyces viscosus or Actinomyces naeslundii","volume":"24","author":"Cisar","year":"1979","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2002.21216.x","article-title":"Selection of dairy bacterial strains as probiotics for oral health","volume":"110","author":"Comelli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2010.05.001","article-title":"Konjac glucomannan hydrolysate beneficially modulates bacterial composition and activity within the faecal microbiota","volume":"2","author":"Connolly","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00725-10","article-title":"Downregulation of GbpB, a component of the VicRK regulon, affects biofilm formation and cell surface characteristics of Streptococcus mutans","volume":"79","author":"Duque","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b05466","article-title":"Inhibition of oral pathogens adhesion to human gingival fibroblasts by wine polyphenols alone and in combination with an oral probiotic","volume":"66","author":"Esteban-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0448-x","article-title":"Drinking alcohol is associated with variation in the human oral microbiome in a large study of American adults","volume":"6","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"Probiotics in Food: Health and Nutritional Properties and Guidelines for Evaluation","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e677","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.15.e677","article-title":"Probiotic treatment in the oral cavity: an update","volume":"15","author":"Flichy-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cirug. Bucal"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-018-0548-1","article-title":"Oral microbiomes: more and more importance in oral cavity and whole body","volume":"9","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2008.00435.x","article-title":"Probiotic bacteria affect the composition of salivary pellicle and streptococcal adhesion in vitro","volume":"23","author":"Haukioja","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X12459294","article-title":"Effects of probiotics on gut microbiota: mechanisms of intestinal immunomodulation and neuromodulation","volume":"6","author":"Hemarajata","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"77","article-title":"Effect of Lactococcus lactis 1370 on the formation of artificial plaque","volume":"35","author":"Jin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Korean Soc. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsle.2005.10.002","article-title":"Coaggregation ability of Weissella cibaria isolates with Fusobacterium nucleatum and their adhesiveness to epithelial cells","volume":"253","author":"Kang","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2010.04847.x","article-title":"Novel compound from Trachyspermum ammi (Ajowan caraway) seeds with antibiofilm and antiadherence activities against Streptococcus mutans: a potential chemotherapeutic agent against dental caries","volume":"109","author":"Khan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.54.1.413","article-title":"Oral microbial communities: biofilms, interactions, and genetic systems","volume":"54","author":"Kolenbrander","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2005.00239.x","article-title":"Oral lactobacilli in chronic periodontitis and periodontal health: species composition and antimicrobial activity","volume":"20","author":"Koll-Klais","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref26","volume-title":"Adhesion as an Ecological Determinant in the Oral Cavity","author":"Lamont","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509356246","article-title":"Specific Lactobacillus\/Mutans Streptococcus co-aggregation","volume":"89","author":"Lang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-014-0998-7","article-title":"A comparative study of the effect of probiotics on cariogenic biofilm model for preventing dental caries","volume":"196","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4175","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.902237","article-title":"Effect of probiotic lactobacilli on the growth of Streptococcus mutans and multispecies biofilms isolated from children with active caries","volume":"23","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2014.06.015","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 on rat dental caries","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"Prebiotic Konjac Glucomannan Hydrolysate Reduces","author":"Maitra","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2854","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.1585","article-title":"Identification of antibacterial substances of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DY-6 for bacteriostatic action","volume":"8","author":"Mao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01392.x","article-title":"Probiotic effects of orally administered Lactobacillus salivarius WB21-containing tablets on periodontophatic bacteria: a double-blinded, placebo controlled, randomized clinical trial","volume":"36","author":"Mayanagi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3400","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.11.3400-3409.2003","article-title":"Coaggregation-mediated interactions of streptococci and actinomyces detected in initial human dental plaque","volume":"185","author":"Palmer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"20","article-title":"Probiotics and oral health: an update","volume":"69","author":"Pradeep","year":"2014","journal-title":"S. Afr. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2000.00845.x","article-title":"Adhesion, autoaggregation and hydrophobicity of 13 strains of Bifidobacterium longum","volume":"31","author":"Re","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510003363","article-title":"Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits","volume":"104","author":"Roberfroid","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aambs.2016.08.002","article-title":"The oral microbiome in health and its implication in oral and systemic diseases","volume":"97","author":"Sampaio-Maia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.45.2.534-536.1984","article-title":"Distinctive patterns of adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to HeLa cells","volume":"45","author":"Scaletsky","year":"1984","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1159\/000452960","article-title":"Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans growth and biofilm formation by probiotics in vitro","volume":"51","author":"Schwendicke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3390\/genes8010015","article-title":"Quorum sensing regulation of competence and bacteriocins in Streptococcus pneumoniae and mutans","volume":"8","author":"Shanker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2007.00458.x","article-title":"Lactobacillus-mediated interference of mutans streptococci in caries-free vs. caries-active subjects","volume":"115","author":"Simark-Mattsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-010-9752-9","article-title":"Probiotic lactobacilli interfere with Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation in vitro","volume":"62","author":"S\u00f6derling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1046\/j.13652672.2001.01229.x","article-title":"Lactic acid bacteria from healthy oral cavity of Thai volunteers: inhibition of oral pathogens","volume":"90","author":"Sookkhee","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-006-0063-3","article-title":"Biofilms, a new approach to the microbiology of dental plaque","volume":"94","author":"ten Cate","year":"2006","journal-title":"Odontology"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2011.03132.x","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of oral lactobacillus against oral pathogens","volume":"53","author":"Teanpaisan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350902984237","article-title":"Coaggregation between probiotic bacteria and caries-associated strains: an in vitro study","volume":"67","author":"Twetman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. Scand."},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"80","article-title":"Isolation and identification of Streptococcus mutans strains with different genotype from clinical samples","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"West China J. Stomatol."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2014.03.042","article-title":"Screening of adhesive lactobacilli with antagonistic activity against Campylobacter jejuni","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/app.44989","article-title":"Preparation and antimicrobial activity of sulfopropyl chitosan in an ionic liquid aqueous solution","volume":"134","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-1014.2010.00581.x","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of lux S-deficient Streptococcus mutans grown in biofilms","volume":"26","author":"Wen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Oral Microbiol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2010.05.011","article-title":"Fungal \u03b2-mannanases: mannan hydrolysis, heterologous production and biotechnological applications","volume":"45","author":"Willem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.0077","article-title":"Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and virulence by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K41 isolated from traditional Sichuan pickles","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1000309\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T14:49:30Z","timestamp":1670942970000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1000309\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1000309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1000309","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"article-number":"1000309"}}