{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T05:09:59Z","timestamp":1767848999363,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anthrax is a disease caused by <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>. The most promising approach to the development of anthrax vaccine is use of the anthrax protective antigen (PA). At the same time, recombinant PA is a very unstable protein. Previously, the authors have designed a stable modified recombinant anthrax protective antigen with inactivated proteolytic sites and substituted deamidation sites (rPA83m). As a second approach to recombinant PA stabilisation, plant virus spherical particles (SPs) were used as a stabiliser. The combination of these two approaches was shown to be the most effective. Here, the authors report the results of a detailed study of the stability, immunogenicity and protectiveness of rPA83m + SPs compositions. These compositions were shown to be stable, provided high anti-rPA83m antibody titres in guinea pigs and were able to protect them from a fully virulent 81\/1 <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic> strain. Given these facts, the formulation of rPA83m + SPs compositions is considered to be a prospective anthrax vaccine candidate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1003969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T12:34:09Z","timestamp":1662726849000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["New formulation of a recombinant anthrax vaccine stabilised with structurally modified plant viruses"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Dmitriy L.","family":"Granovskiy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina M.","family":"Ryabchevskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina A.","family":"Evtushenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga A.","family":"Kondakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina V.","family":"Arkhipenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana B.","family":"Kravchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina V.","family":"Bakhteeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vitalii S.","family":"Timofeev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolai A.","family":"Nikitin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga V.","family":"Karpova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","author":"Barkova","year":"2005","journal-title":"The method for obtaining an immune serum to the antigens of virulent Bacillus anthracis strain"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.10.035","article-title":"Biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and blood compatibility of native and PEGylated tobacco mosaic virus nano-rods and-spheres in mice.","volume":"449","author":"Bruckman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B3","author":"Buravtseva","year":"1999","journal-title":"The test-infecting culture for determining the immunogenicity of anthrax vaccine, the effectiveness of emergent prevention and treatment of anthrax"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"909","article-title":"Update: Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and interim guidelines for exposure management and antimicrobial therapy, October 2001.","volume":"50","year":"2001","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. 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