{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T14:58:44Z","timestamp":1785164324381,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]],"date-time":"2022-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Slow transit constipation (STC) is the most common type of functional constipation. Drugs with good effects and few side effects are urgently needed form the treatment of STC.<jats:italic>Cymbopogon citratus<\/jats:italic>(DC.) Stapf (CC) is an important medicinal and edible spice plant. The wide range of biological activities suggested that CC may have laxative effects, but thus far, it has not been reported. In this study, the loperamide-induced STC mouse model was used to evaluate the laxative effect of the aqueous extract of CC (CCAE), and the laxative mechanism was systematically explored from the perspectives of the enteric nervous system (ENS), neurotransmitter secretion, gastrointestinal motility factors, intestinal inflammation, gut barrier and gut microbiota. The results showed that CCAE not only decreased the serum vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), induced nitric oxide synthases (iNOS), and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in STC mice but also increased the expression of gastrointestinal motility factors in colonic interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), thereby significantly shortening the defecation time and improving the gastrointestinal transit rate. The significantly affected gastrointestinal motility factors included stem cell factor receptor (<jats:italic>c-Kit<\/jats:italic>), stem cell factor (<jats:italic>SCF<\/jats:italic>), anoctamin 1 (<jats:italic>Ano1<\/jats:italic>), ryanodine receptor 3 (<jats:italic>RyR3<\/jats:italic>), smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (<jats:italic>smMLCK<\/jats:italic>) and Connexin 43 (<jats:italic>Cx43<\/jats:italic>). Meanwhile, CCAE could repair loperamide-induced intestinal inflammation and intestinal barrier damage by reducing the expression of the pro-inflammatory factor<jats:italic>IL-1<\/jats:italic>\u03b2 and increasing the expression of the anti-inflammatory factor<jats:italic>IL-10<\/jats:italic>, chemical barrier (<jats:italic>Muc-2<\/jats:italic>) and mechanical barrier (<jats:italic>Cldn4<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Cldn12<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Occludin<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>ZO-1<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>ZO-2<\/jats:italic>). Interestingly, CCAE could also partially restore loperamide-induced gut microbial dysbiosis in various aspects, such as microbial diversity, community structure and species composition. Importantly, we established a complex but clear network between gut microbiota and host parameters. Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae and UCG-010 showed the most interesting associations with the laxative phenotypes; several other specific taxa showed significant associations with serum neurotransmitters, gastrointestinal motility factors, intestinal inflammation, and the gut barrier. These findings suggested that CCAE might promote intestinal motility by modulating the ENS-ICCs-SMCs network, intestinal inflammation, intestinal barrier and gut microbiota. CC may be an effective and safe therapeutic choice for STC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1017804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]],"date-time":"2022-10-04T15:20:45Z","timestamp":1664896845000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf aqueous extract ameliorates loperamide-induced constipation in mice by promoting gastrointestinal motility and regulating the gut microbiota"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yafei","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haowen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanhong","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101337","article-title":"Protective influence of betaine on intestinal health by regulating inflammation and improving barrier function in broilers under heat stress.","volume":"100","author":"Alhotan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"B2","first-page":"S11","article-title":"Loperamide: A pharmacological review.","volume":"7","author":"Baker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Gastroenterol. Disord."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.00230.x","article-title":"Interactions between commensal bacteria and gut sensorimotor function in health and disease.","volume":"100","author":"Barbara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.12.034","article-title":"Mechanisms, evaluation, and management of chronic constipation.","volume":"158","author":"Bharucha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114470","article-title":"Inhibition of \u03b1-glucosidase by flavonoids of cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf.","volume":"280","author":"Borges","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5621","DOI":"10.1039\/d0fo02969f","article-title":"The protective effects of yellow tea extract against loperamide-induced constipation in mice.","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B7","first-page":"203","article-title":"The gut-brain axis: Interactions between enteric microbiota, central and enteric nervous systems.","volume":"28","author":"Carabotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.111152","article-title":"Neutrophil elastase inhibitor (MPH-966) improves intestinal mucosal damage and gut microbiota in a mouse model of 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis.","volume":"134","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm.2010.16.3.265","article-title":"Capsaicin inhibits the spontaneous pacemaker activity in interstitial cells of cajal from the small intestine of mouse.","volume":"16","author":"Choi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2011.01333.x","article-title":"NK receptors, substance P, Ano1 expression and ultrastructural features of the muscle coat in Cav-1(-\/-) mouse ileum.","volume":"15","author":"Cipriani","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3587","DOI":"10.1113\/JP278036","article-title":"Ca2+ signaling behaviors of intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal in the murine colon.","volume":"597","author":"Drumm","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.09.062","article-title":"Laxative effect of probiotic chocolate on loperamide-induced constipation in rats.","volume":"116","author":"Eor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-1483.93578","article-title":"Investigation of the mechanisms underlying the gastroprotective effect of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil.","volume":"4","author":"Fernandes","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Young Pharm. JYP"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2009.0115","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of Cymbopogon citratus leaf infusion in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated dendritic cells: Contribution of the polyphenols.","volume":"13","author":"Figueirinha","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00391","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00391-20","article-title":"Correlations between \u03b1-Linolenic acid-improved multitissue homeostasis and gut microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet.","volume":"5","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-017-8233-5","article-title":"Metabolic adaptation to the aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera Lam.-supplemented diet is related to the modulation of gut microbiota in mice.","volume":"101","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.2174\/1871520621666210112111711","article-title":"Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf) presents antitumoral effect and improves chemotherapy activity in prostate cancer cells.","volume":"21","author":"Gomes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anti-Cancer Agents Med. Chem."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2021.112001","article-title":"The possible mechanism of the protective effect of a sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria Lemaneiformis against colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium in mice.","volume":"149","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001107","article-title":"Relationships of microbiome markers with extra-intestinal, psychological distress and gastrointestinal symptoms, and quality of life in women with irritable bowel syndrome.","volume":"54","author":"Hollister","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7709","DOI":"10.1039\/d1fo01237a","article-title":"Comparative study of the laxative effects of Konjac oligosaccharides and Konjac glucomannan on loperamide-induced constipation in rats.","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201800337R","article-title":"Wound healing can be improved by (-)-epigallocatechin gallate through targeting Notch in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.","volume":"33","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B22","first-page":"482","article-title":"Microbiostatic, antioxidative and cytotoxic potentiation of some grasses of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.","volume":"39","author":"Iram","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Chine. Med."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.11.007","article-title":"Microbial modulation of the development and physiology of the enteric nervous system.","volume":"29","author":"Joly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201800535","article-title":"Goji Berry modulates gut microbiota and alleviates colitis in IL-10-Deficient Mice.","volume":"62","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.07.001","article-title":"Gut memories: Towards a cognitive neurobiology of irritable bowel syndrome.","volume":"36","author":"Kennedy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.9305","article-title":"Blends of lemongrass derivatives and lime for the preparation of mixed beverages: Antioxidant, physicochemical, and sensory properties.","volume":"99","author":"Kieling","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.07.017","article-title":"Poncirus trifoliate fruit modulates pacemaker activity in interstitial cells of Cajal from the murine small intestine.","volume":"149","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S1016-8478(23)12861-5","article-title":"Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide inhibits pacemaker activity via the nitric oxide-cGMP-protein kinase G pathway in the interstitial cells of Cajal of the murine small intestine.","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cells"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26237209","article-title":"Laxative effects of phlorotannins derived from Ecklonia cava on loperamide-induced constipation in SD Rats.","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42826-019-0009-x","article-title":"Metabolomics approach to serum biomarker for laxative effects of red Liriope platyphylla in loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats.","volume":"35","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lab. Anim. Res."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2020.4746","article-title":"Effects of ID-HWS1000 on the perception of bowel activity and microbiome in subjects with functional constipation: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study.","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.9518","article-title":"Prophylactic use of probiotic chocolate modulates intestinal physiological functions in constipated rats.","volume":"99","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008225","article-title":"Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) oil: A promising miticidal and ovicidal agent against Sarcoptes scabiei.","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.028","article-title":"Vitexin alleviates high-fat diet induced brain oxidative stress and inflammation via anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and gut microbiota modulating properties.","volume":"171","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Free Rad. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9111535","article-title":"Alleviation of collagen-induced arthritis by crotonoside through modulation of dendritic cell differentiation and activation.","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-02995-z","article-title":"Constipation induced gut microbiota dysbiosis exacerbates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL\/6 mice.","volume":"19","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Trans. Med."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G97","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00003.2020","article-title":"Acetylcholine exerts inhibitory and excitatory actions on mouse ileal pacemaker activity: Role of muscarinic versus nicotinic receptors.","volume":"319","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastroint. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1039\/d0fo02227f","article-title":"Bifidobacterium animalis F1-7 in combination with Konjac glucomannan improves constipation in mice via humoral transport.","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4063","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2020.1713125","article-title":"Essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus cultivated in Egypt: Seasonal variation in chemical composition and anticholinesterase activity.","volume":"35","author":"Madi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113036","article-title":"Anxiolytic properties of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) stapf extract, essential oil and its constituents in Zebrafish (Danio rerio).","volume":"260","author":"Mendes Hacke","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00019","article-title":"Gut microbiota and chronic constipation: A review and update.","volume":"6","author":"Ohkusa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2021.1952456","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of antioxidant and anticancer activity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf).","volume":"74","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.10.005","article-title":"Relationship between microbiota of the colonic mucosa vs feces and symptoms, colonic transit, and methane production in female patients with chronic Constipation.","volume":"150","author":"Parthasarathy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2021.104922","article-title":"Cynaroside prevents macrophage polarization into pro-inflammatory phenotype and alleviates cecal ligation and puncture-induced liver injury by targeting PKM2\/HIF-1\u03b1 axis.","volume":"152","author":"Pei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25143284","article-title":"The essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus Stapt and Carvacrol: an approach of the antitumor effect on 7,12-Dimethylbenz-[\u03b1]-anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer in female rats.","volume":"25","author":"Rojas-Armas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9081634","article-title":"Bioactive compounds in food as a current therapeutic approach to maintain a healthy intestinal epithelium.","volume":"9","author":"Salinas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F864","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00641.2010","article-title":"Direct coupling through gap junctions is not involved in urethral neurotransmission.","volume":"300","author":"Sancho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10020289","article-title":"Implication of intestinal barrier fysfunction in gut fysbiosis and diseases.","volume":"10","author":"Stolfi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6890","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of cordycepin: A review.","volume":"35","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.07.027","article-title":"Suppression of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediators by Cymbopogon citratus D. Stapf extract in lipopolysaccharide stimulated murine alveolar macrophages.","volume":"48","author":"Tiwari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X17500318","article-title":"Protective effect of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil in experimental model of acetaminophen-induced liver injury.","volume":"45","author":"Uchida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Chine. Med."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-106586","article-title":"Evidence for the involvement of monoaminergic pathways in the antidepressant-like activity of Cymbopogon citratus in mice.","volume":"67","author":"Umukoro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Res."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.207738","article-title":"Soluble dextrin fibers alter the intestinal microbiota and reduce proinflammatory cytokine secretion in male IL-10-deficient mice.","volume":"145","author":"Valcheva","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.12.020","article-title":"Essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) and geraniol, but not citral, promote gastric healing activity in mice.","volume":"98","author":"Venzon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0222-y","article-title":"Management of functional constipation in children and adults.","volume":"17","author":"Vriesman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7378","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i48.7378","article-title":"Effect of dietary fiber on constipation: A meta-analysis.","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11358","article-title":"The molecular basis of the genesis of basal tone in internal anal sphincter.","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26144149","article-title":"The regulatory effects of Licochalcone A on the intestinal epithelium and gut microbiota in murine colitis.","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/goab035","article-title":"Role of gut microbiota in functional constipation.","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Rep."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4615","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S326416","article-title":"The Effect of Shaoyao Gancao decoction on sphincter of oddi dysfunction in hypercholesterolemic rabbits via protecting the enteric nervous system-interstitial cells of Cajal-smooth muscle cells network.","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1017804\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T05:39:54Z","timestamp":1728106794000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1017804\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1017804"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1017804","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]]},"article-number":"1017804"}}