{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:52:09Z","timestamp":1790949129382,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Meat inspection is important to ensure food safety and protect public health. Visual inspection of slaughtered carcasses for pathological changes should be supported by bacteriological analysis to determine whether the entire carcass or parts of it should be condemned. The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial species present in different sample types from condemned broiler carcasses. Furthermore, we investigated the genetic characteristics, zoonotic potential, and relatedness of<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, the predominant bacterial species isolated from the carcasses. A total of 400 broiler carcasses condemned because of cellulitis (100), scratches (100), hepatitis (100), and healthy control carcasses (100) were selected. Samples of meat, pathological lesion, and bone marrow of each carcass were obtained for microbial analysis. From the analyzed samples, 469 bacterial isolates were recovered with<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>accounting for 45.8%, followed by<jats:italic>Aeromonas<\/jats:italic>spp. (27.9%), in particular<jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>veronii<\/jats:italic>. The highest rate of bacterial isolation was observed in carcasses condemned with cellulitis, whereas carcasses with hepatitis had the lowest rate of bacterial isolation. Forty-four<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>isolates originating from different sample types were selected for whole genome sequencing. A clonal relationship was shown between<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>from different sample types of the same carcass condemned with cellulitis and scratches. A major clade of<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>was found in carcasses condemned with cellulitis with isolates containing<jats:italic>mdf<\/jats:italic>(A),<jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>(A), and<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM-1B<\/jats:sub>genes that confer resistance to macrolides, tetracycline, and ampicillin, respectively.<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>in this clade all belonged to ST117 and clustered with<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>isolates previously collected from dead chickens and carcasses condemned due to cellulitis in Denmark, Finland, and the United Kingdom. Bacterial evaluation results of carcasses condemned with cellulitis, scratches (moderate to severe skin lesion), and acute hepatitis confirmed the need for total condemnation of carcasses with these pathological findings. A similar evaluation should be done for carcasses affected with chronic hepatitis, and minor scratches lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1020586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T10:16:11Z","timestamp":1668075371000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Characterization of Escherichia coli and other bacteria isolated from condemned broilers at a Danish abattoir"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Alfifi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens P.","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaovi Mahuton Gildas","family":"Hounmanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Sandberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Dalsgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3390\/foods4020115","article-title":"Incidence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and toxin genes possession screening of Staphylococcus aureus in retail chicken livers and gizzards","volume":"4","author":"Abdalrahman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108669","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from chicken meat and giblets often produces staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in non-refrigerated raw chicken livers","volume":"328","author":"Abolghait","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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