{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:44:01Z","timestamp":1791841441767,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32070127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32070127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Vibrio parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic> is a foodborne pathogen that can colonize the small intestine of the host and cause diarrhea. The alternative sigma factor RpoN plays a vital role in regulating motility, carbon utilization and affects host colonization in <jats:italic>V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic> RIMD2210633. In this study, transcriptome and phenotypic analysis further expanded our understanding of the RpoN regulon in <jats:italic>V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>. A deletion mutant of <jats:italic>rpoN<\/jats:italic> (\u0394<jats:italic>rpoN<\/jats:italic>) was subjected to RNA-seq for systemic identification of the RpoN-controlled genes. Compared with the wild-type (WT), 399 genes were differentially expressed in the \u0394<jats:italic>rpoN<\/jats:italic> strain. Moreover, 264 genes were down-regulated in the \u0394<jats:italic>rpoN<\/jats:italic> strain, including those associated with nitrogen utilization (<jats:italic>VP0118<\/jats:italic>), glutamine synthetase (<jats:italic>VP0121<\/jats:italic>), formate dehydrogenase (<jats:italic>VP1511<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>VP1513<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>VP1515<\/jats:italic>), quorum sensing (<jats:italic>opaR<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>luxZ<\/jats:italic>), polar flagellar systems, and type VI secretion system 2 (T6SS2). Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) further confirmed that RpoN could directly bind to the promoters of these genes associated with polar flagellar systems (<jats:italic>flgB<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>fliE<\/jats:italic>), lateral flagellar systems (<jats:italic>flgB2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>lafA<\/jats:italic>), T6SS2 (<jats:italic>hcp2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>VPA1044<\/jats:italic>) and glutamine synthetase (<jats:italic>VP0121<\/jats:italic>), and then positively regulate the expression of these systems. A RpoN-binding motif was identified in <jats:italic>V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic> using the MEME suite and verified by the EMSA. Besides, the deletion of <jats:italic>rpoN<\/jats:italic> caused a significant decrease in hemolytic activity, adhesion, and cytotoxicity. Our results provide new cues to better understand the regulatory networks of RpoN protein to motility, T6SS2, and metabolism in <jats:italic>V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1025960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T13:08:20Z","timestamp":1671714500000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Characterization of the RpoN regulon reveals the regulation of motility, T6SS2 and metabolism in Vibrio parahaemolyticus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youkun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kangru","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinan","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2020.126591","article-title":"Salmonella secretion systems: differential roles in pathogen-host interactions","volume":"241","author":"Bao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4305","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.22.4305","article-title":"Compilation and analysis of \u03c354-dependent promoter sequences","volume":"27","author":"Barrios","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14594","article-title":"The regulatory network of Vibrio parahaemolyticus type VI secretion system 1","volume":"21","author":"Ben-Yaakov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00029-11","article-title":"Regulation of type VI secretion gene clusters by sigma 54 and cognate enhancer binding proteins","volume":"193","author":"Berbard","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e44766","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044766","article-title":"The redox-sensing regulator rex modulates central carbon metabolism, stress tolerance response and biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans","volume":"7","author":"Bitoun","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2020.126424","article-title":"The rhizosphere signature on the cell motility, biofilm formation and secondary metabolite production of a plant-associated Lysobacter strain","volume":"234","author":"Brescia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2102095118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2102095118","article-title":"Hopping trajectories due to long-range interactions determine surface accumulation of microalgae","volume":"118","author":"Buchner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2021.126787","article-title":"The transcriptional regulator Zur regulates the expression of ZnuABC and T6SS4 in response to stresses in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis","volume":"249","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2013.00097","article-title":"Distribution and dynamics of epidemic and pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus virulence factors","volume":"3","author":"Ceccarelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2017.02.004","article-title":"Epidemiology of foodborne disease outbreaks caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus during 2010-2014 in Zhejiang province, China","volume":"77","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00025","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00025-18","article-title":"NtrC adds a new node to the complex regulatory network of biofilm formation and vps expression in Vibrio cholerae","volume":"200","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.06105-11","article-title":"Analysis of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa regulon controlled by the sensor kinase KinB and sigma factor RpoN","volume":"194","author":"Damron","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2019.04.022","article-title":"Mechanisms of \u03c354-dependent transcription initiation and regulation","volume":"431","author":"Danson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2016-0576","article-title":"The essential activities of the bacterial sigma factor","volume":"63","author":"Davis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7766","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks567","article-title":"Characterization of the RpoN regulon reveals differential regulation of T6SS and new flagellar operons in Vibrio cholerae O37 strain V52","volume":"40","author":"Dong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07449.x","article-title":"Antagonistic regulation of motility and transcriptome expression by RpoN and RpoS in Escherichia coli","volume":"79","author":"Dong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.059931-0","article-title":"Vibrio parahaemolyticus ExsE is requisite for initial adhesion and subsequent type III secretion system 1-dependent autophagy in HeLa cells","volume":"158","author":"Erwin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2021.103755","article-title":"Regulatory function of sigma factors RpoS\/RpoN in adaptation and spoilage potential of Shewanella baltica","volume":"97","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4224","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00432-11","article-title":"Quorum sensing and silencing in Vibrio parahaemolyticus","volume":"193","author":"Gode-Potratz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1005645","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005645","article-title":"A \u03c3E-mediated temperature gauge controls a switch from LuxR-mediated virulence gene expression to thermal stress adaptation in vibrio alginolyticus","volume":"12","author":"Gu","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8040235","article-title":"A GntR family transcription factor (VPA1701) for swarming motility and colonization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus","volume":"8","author":"Gu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5777","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19506-1","article-title":"S-nitrosylation-mediated activation of a histidine kinase represses the type 3 secretion system and promotes virulence of an enteric pathogen","volume":"11","author":"Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01535-07","article-title":"Comparative genomic analysis using microarray demonstrates a strong correlation between the presence of the 80-kilobase pathogenicity island and pathogenicity in Kanagawa phenomenon-positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains","volume":"76","author":"Izutsu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-020-10794-7","article-title":"Motility of vibrio spp.: regulation and controlling strategies","volume":"104","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-018-0275-4","article-title":"Characterization and CRISPR-based genotyping of clinical trh-positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus","volume":"10","author":"Kongrueng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut Pathog."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2019.03.003","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of Vibrio parahaemolyticus pathogenesis","volume":"222","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641844","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.641844","article-title":"Involvement of RpoN in Regulating Motility, Biofilm, Resistance, and Spoilage Potential of Pseudomonas fluorescens","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2021.126791","article-title":"LuxQ-LuxU-LuxO pathway regulates biofilm formation by V. parahaemolyticus","volume":"250","author":"Liu","year":"","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12615","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12667-y","article-title":"Targeting the alternative sigma factor RpoN to combat virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"7","author":"Lloyd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6677","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43060-6","article-title":"Blocking RpoN reduces virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from cystic fibrosis patients and increases antibiotic sensitivity in a laboratory strain","volume":"9","author":"Lloyd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-017-8096-9","article-title":"Ecological fitness and virulence features of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in estuarine environments","volume":"101","author":"Love","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-021-0629-3","article-title":"The quorum sensing regulator OpaR is a repressor of polar flagellum genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus","volume":"59","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2019-0048","article-title":"Quorum sensing regulates the transcription of lateral flagellar genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus","volume":"14","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01006","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.01006-20","article-title":"Genome-scale mapping reveals complex regulatory activities of RpoN in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis","volume":"5","author":"Mahmud","year":"2020","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1159\/000077866","article-title":"Dual flagellar systems enable motility under different circumstances","volume":"7","author":"McCarter","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2021.126722","article-title":"An overview of Acinetobacter baumannii pathogenesis: motility, adherence and biofilm formation","volume":"247","author":"Mea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/s1369-5274(02)00285-0","article-title":"Acid tolerance of gastrointestinal pathogens","volume":"5","author":"Merrell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1139\/m84-056","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo pathologic effects of Vibrio parahaemolyticus on human epithelial cells","volume":"30","author":"Merrell","year":"1984","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128393","article-title":"A virulence locus of Pseudomonas aeruginosa encodes a protein secretion apparatus","volume":"312","author":"Mougous","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00025-06","article-title":"Global dissemination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype O3:K6 and its serovariants","volume":"20","author":"Nair","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0510322103","article-title":"Identification of a conserved bacterial protein secretion system in Vibrio cholerae using the Dictyostelium host model system","volume":"103","author":"Pukatzki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104579","article-title":"The type VI secretion system 2 of Vibrio parahaemolyticus is regulated by QsvR","volume":"149","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13246","article-title":"Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in South America: water, seafood and human infections","volume":"121","author":"Raszl","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e32523","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032523","article-title":"Sigma E regulators control hemolytic activity and virulence in a shrimp pathogenic Vibrio harveyi","volume":"7","author":"Rattanama","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e61086","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061086","article-title":"Vibrio parahaemolyticus type VI secretion system 1 is activated in marine conditions to target bacteria, and is differentially regulated from system 2","volume":"8","author":"Salomon","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.080028-0","article-title":"H-NS regulates the Vibrio parahaemolyticus type VI secretion system 1","volume":"160","author":"Salomon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2021.126892","article-title":"Interplay between ferric uptake regulator fur and horizontally acquired virulence regulator EsrB coordinates virulence gene expression in Edwardsiella piscicida","volume":"253","author":"Shao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00205","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00205-18","article-title":"RpoN-dependent direct regulation of quorum sensing and the type VI secretion system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1","volume":"200","author":"Shao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579989","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.579989","article-title":"Experimental evolution of Campylobacter jejuni leads to loss of motility, rpoN (\u03c354) deletion and genome reduction","volume":"11","author":"Sher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01725","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01725-20","article-title":"Sigma 54-regulated transcription is associated with membrane reorganization and type III secretion effectors during conversion to infectious forms of chlamydia trachomatis","volume":"11","author":"Soules","year":"2020","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6555","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00949-09","article-title":"The Vibrio cholerae flagellar regulatory hierarchy controls expression of virulence factors","volume":"191","author":"Syed","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0035021","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00350-21","article-title":"Regulatory small RNA qrr2 is expressed independently of sigma factor-54 and can function as the sole qrr small RNA to control quorum sensing in Vibrio parahaemolyticus","volume":"204","author":"Tague","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10030246","article-title":"Antimicrobial effect and the mechanism of diallyl trisulfide against campylobacter jejuni","volume":"10","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5626","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.21.5626-5631.1998","article-title":"Multiple in vivo roles for the \u221212-region elements of sigma 54 promoters","volume":"180","author":"Wang","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-09-20-0254-CR","article-title":"AlgU, a conserved sigma factor regulating abiotic stress tolerance and promoting virulence in Pseudomonas syringae","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14830","article-title":"Should I kill or should I go: T6SS regulation networks in Vibrio","volume":"22","author":"Wettstadt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01210-13","article-title":"Loss of sigma factor RpoN increases intestinal colonization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in an adult mouse model","volume":"82","author":"Whitaker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105334","article-title":"CqsA-introduced quorum sensing inhibits type VI secretion system 2 through an OpaR-dependent pathway in Vibrio parahaemolyticus","volume":"162","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2021.126804","article-title":"Stress preadaptation and overexpression of rpoS and hfq genes increase stress resistance of Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC12525","volume":"250","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2020.126528","article-title":"MviN mediates the regulation of environmental osmotic pressure on esrB to control the virulence in the marine fish pathogen Edwardsiella piscicida","volume":"239","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2021.126883","article-title":"Stress adaptation and virulence in vibrio alginolyticus is mediated by two (p)ppGpp synthetase genes, relA and spot","volume":"253","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-012-0816-z","article-title":"Putative type VI secretion systems of Vibrio parahaemolyticus contribute to adhesion to cultured cell monolayers","volume":"194","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02005","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of the type VI secretion system 1 genes by quorum sensing and ToxR in Vibrio parahaemolyticus","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2020.126448","article-title":"Transcriptomic analysis of PhoR reveals its role in regulation of swarming motility and T3SS expression in Vibrio parahaemolyticus","volume":"235","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-017-1361-6","article-title":"CalR is required for the expression of T6SS2 and the adhesion of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to HeLa cells","volume":"199","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2021.126728","article-title":"Roles of rpoN in biofilm formation of vibrio alginolyticus HN08155 at different cell densities","volume":"247","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp1123","article-title":"Promoter and regulon analysis of nitrogen assimilation factor, sigma54, reveal alternative strategy for E. coli MG1655 flagellar biosynthesis","volume":"38","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01493-09","article-title":"Vp1659 is a Vibrio parahaemolyticus type III secretion system 1 protein that contributes to translocation of effector proteins needed to induce cytolysis, autophagy, and disruption of actin structure in HeLa cells","volume":"192","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1025960\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T13:08:23Z","timestamp":1671714503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1025960\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1025960"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1025960","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"article-number":"1025960"}}