{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T20:19:31Z","timestamp":1781122771426,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005001","name":"Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant classic <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (CR-cKp) and carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (CR-hvKp) isolates in southwestern Iran. From 2019 to 2021, 136 (88.9%) cKp and 17 (11.1%) hvKp isolates were identified using biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiotic resistance, beta-lactamases, and clonal relatedness of carbapenem-resistant isolates were investigated using disk diffusion, PCR, and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR), respectively. The different markers of hvKp isolates were as follows: string test (35.3%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6\/17), <jats:italic>magA<\/jats:italic> (11.8%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2\/17), <jats:italic>rmpA<\/jats:italic> (11.8%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2\/17), <jats:italic>rmpA2<\/jats:italic> (52.9%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 9\/17), <jats:italic>iucA<\/jats:italic> (52.9%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 9\/17), and <jats:italic>peg344<\/jats:italic> (35.3%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6\/17). Also, 55.1% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 75\/136) of cKp and 47.1% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 8\/17) of hvKp isolates were CR-cKp and CR-hvKp, respectively. All CR-hvKp (100.0%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 8) isolates were MDR. Colistin, tetracycline, and tigecycline were the most effective antibiotics. The occurrence of beta-lactamase genes in 75 CR-cKp and 8 CR-hvKp isolates was as follows: <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>NDM<\/jats:sub> (41.3, 25.0%), <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>IMP<\/jats:sub> (4.0, 0.0%), <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>VIM<\/jats:sub> (8.0, 0.0%), <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>GES<\/jats:sub> (14.7, 25.0%), <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>OXA\u201348\u2013like<\/jats:sub> (20.0, 0.0%), <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX\u2013M<\/jats:sub> (26.7, 12.5%), <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub> (24.0, 12.5%), <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub> (10.7, 0.0%), <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>FOX<\/jats:sub> (6.7, 0.0%), <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>DHA<\/jats:sub> (6.7, 0.0%), <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CMY<\/jats:sub> (5.3, 0.0%), <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>LAT<\/jats:sub> (12.0, 0.0%), and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ACT<\/jats:sub> (8.0, 0.0%). ERIC-PCR showed a high diversity among isolates. In this study, the occurrence of MDR CR-hvKp isolates harboring <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>NDM<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>GES<\/jats:sub> was detected for the first time in southwestern Iran. To prevent the spread of CR-hvKp and reduce selection pressure, long-term surveillance and more effective treatment strategies should be implemented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1029686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T10:50:11Z","timestamp":1667472611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Beta-lactamase determinants and molecular typing of carbapenem-resistant classic and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from southwest of Iran"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Morteza","family":"Saki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansour","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Savari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Hashemzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Saeid","family":"Seyedian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"1967","article-title":"Genotyping and virulence analysis of drug resistant clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Egypt. 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