{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:46:50Z","timestamp":1790646410861,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Butyrate is thought to enhance intestinal mucosal homeostasis, but the detailed mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, further investigation on the mechanism of butyrate regulation of intestinal mucosal homeostasis was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study used weaned piglets with similar intestinal metabolic function to humans as a research model. The dietary supplemented 0.2% sodium butyrate group (0.2% S) and negative control group (CON) were established to detect the effects of butyrate on growth performance, intestinal tissue morphology, mucosal barrier function, and intestinal microbial community structure in weaned piglets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was an increase in average daily gain (ADG) during three different experimental periods and a reduction in average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed-to-gain ratio (F:G) during days 1\u201335 and days 15\u201335 in 0.2% S compared with CON (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.05). Furthermore, villus height in the ileum and duodenum was increased, and crypt depths in the colon and jejunum were reduced in both groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Moreover, the ratio of villus height and crypt depth (V\/C) in 0.2% S both in the ileum and jejunum was significantly increased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) compared with CON. The relative mRNA expression of <jats:italic>PKC<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>MUC1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CLDN1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>ITGB1<\/jats:italic> was upregulated in the ileum of 0.2% S compared with CON (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). The digesta samples of 0.2% S, both in the ileum (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) and colon, contained greater intestinal bacterial abundance and diversity of probiotics, including <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Megasphaera<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Blautia<\/jats:italic>, which promoted amino acid metabolism and energy production and conversion in the colon and the synthesis of carbon-containing biomolecules in the ileum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In summary, dietary supplementation with 0.2% sodium butyrate was shown to have a tendency to improve the growth performance of weaned piglets and enhance intestinal mucosal barrier function <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> altering the gut microbiota.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1041885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T11:54:42Z","timestamp":1673524482000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Impacts of sodium butyrate on intestinal mucosal barrier and intestinal microbial community in a weaned piglet model"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Han","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenju","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cunxi","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-316","article-title":"Lactobacillus plantarum MB452 enhances the function of the intestinal barrier by increasing the expression levels of genes involved in tight junction formation.","volume":"10","author":"Anderson","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2015.151","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-supplemented formula expands butyrate-producing bacterial strains in food allergic infants.","volume":"10","author":"Berni Canani","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-378","article-title":"Performance, intestinal microflora, and wall morphology of weanling pigs fed sodium butyrate.","volume":"85","author":"Biagi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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