{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:21:24Z","timestamp":1787235684114,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Heap bioleaching, the solubilization of metal ions from metal sulfides by microbial oxidation, is often combined with solvent extraction (SX) and electrowinning to recover, e.g., copper from low-grade ores. After extraction, the leaching solution is recycled, but the entrained organic solvents may be toxic to the microorganisms. Here\n                    <jats:italic>Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospirillum ferrooxidans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans<\/jats:italic>\n                    were selected to perform bioleaching of chalcopyrite waste rock in the presence of the SX reagent (2.5% v\/v LIX984N in kerosene). Possibly inhibitory effects have been evaluated by copper extraction, bacterial activity, number of actively Fe(II)-oxidizing cells, and biofilm formation. Microcalorimetry, most probable number determination, and atomic force microscopy combined with epifluorescence microscopy were applied. The results show that 100 and 300 mg\/L SX reagent could hardly inhibit\n                    <jats:italic>At. ferrooxidans<\/jats:italic>\n                    from oxidizing Fe\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , but they seriously interfered with the biofilm formation and the oxidization of sulfur, thereby hindering bioleaching.\n                    <jats:italic>L. ferrooxidans<\/jats:italic>\n                    was sensitive to 50 mg\/L SX reagent, which inhibited its bioleaching completely.\n                    <jats:italic>Sb. thermosulfidooxidans<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed different metabolic preferences, if the concentration of the SX reagent differed. With 10 mg\/L LIX984N\n                    <jats:italic>Sb. thermosulfidooxidans<\/jats:italic>\n                    preferred to oxidize Fe\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and extracted the same amount of copper as the assay without LIX984N. With 50 mg\/L extractant the bioleaching stopped, since\n                    <jats:italic>Sb. thermosulfidooxidans<\/jats:italic>\n                    preferred to oxidize reduced inorganic sulfur compounds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.820052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T06:15:54Z","timestamp":1647584154000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Bioleaching of Chalcopyrite Waste Rock in the Presence of the Copper Solvent Extractant LIX984N"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenshun","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaorong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiyong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Sand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hydromet.2014.09.010","article-title":"Variation in microbial community from predominantly mesophilic to thermotolerant and moderately thermophilic species in an industrial copper heap bioleaching operation.","volume":"150","author":"Acosta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hydrometallurgy"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-014-6180-y","article-title":"Manipulation of pyrite colonization and leaching by iron-oxidizing Acidithiobacillus species.","volume":"99","author":"Bellenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. 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