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Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A regimen of once-weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid for 3 months (3HP) is an effective treatment for subjects with latent tuberculosis infection; however, no reliable biomarker exists for predicting systemic adverse reactions (SARs) to 3HP treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective, multi-center study evaluated the plasma concentrations of soluble triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM)-1 and sTREM-2 in subjects undergoing 3HP treatment and examined the associations between these biomarkers and SARs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study enrolled 80 consecutive subjects receiving 3HP treatment, 25 of whom had SARs and 55 of whom did not. Subjects with SARs presented higher concentrations of sTREM-1 at baseline than those without SARs (240.1 \u00b1 19.1 vs. 176.7 \u00b1 9.4 pg\/mL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves revealed that day 1 plasma levels of sTREM-1 (0.708, 95% CI, 0.584\u20130.833, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003) and sTREM-2 (0.343, 95% CI, 0.227\u20130.459, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.025) as well as the sTREM-1\/sTREM-2 ratio (0.748, 95% CI, 0.638\u20130.858, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) had modest discriminative power pertaining to the development of SARs. An sTREM-1 level exceeding the cut-off value (&amp;gt;187.4 pg\/mL) (hazard ratio [HR], 6.15; 95% CI 1.67\u201322.70, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.006) and a sTREM-2 below the cut-off value (&amp;lt;237.2 pg\/mL) (HR, 4.46; 95% CI 1.41\u201314.1, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.011) were independent predictors of SARs after controlling for other variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma sTREM-1 and sTREM-2 levels are useful biomarkers for predicting SARs during 3HP treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical trial government<\/jats:title><jats:p>NCT04655794<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.821066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T05:06:48Z","timestamp":1646284008000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Plasma Concentrations of sTREM-1 as Markers for Systemic Adverse Reactions in Subjects Treated With Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid for Latent Tuberculosis Infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tsai-Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Yih","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chin-Chung","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan Shin-jung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Feng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Bin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Chang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Juin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu-Min","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1080\/08820139.2016.1211140","article-title":"Clinical association of a soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"46","author":"Bassyouni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol. 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