{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:49:28Z","timestamp":1788954568304,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19411962600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19411962600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21140904800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21140904800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81974325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81974325"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81772364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81772364"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biofilm formation of <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> is the major cause of implant-associated infections (IAIs). Antimicrobial treatment is one of the most effective therapeutic options for <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> infections. However, it can also lead to adaptive transcriptomic changes due to extreme selective pressure, which may increase the risk of antimicrobial resistance. To study the transcriptional changes in <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> upon exposure to antimicrobial agents, we obtained expression profiles of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> treated with six antimicrobials (flucloxacillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, and linezolid, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6 for each group). We also included an untreated control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 8) downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE70043, GSE56100) for integrated bioinformatic analyses. We identified 82 (44 up, 38 down) and 53 (17 up, 36 down) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in logarithmic and stationary phases, respectively. When exposed to different antimicrobial agents, we found that manganese import system genes and immune response gene <jats:italic>sbi<\/jats:italic> (immunoglobulin G-binding protein Sbi) were upregulated in <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> at all stages. During the logarithmic phase, we observed adaptive transcriptomic changes in <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> mainly in the stability of protein synthesis, adhesion, and biofilm formation. In the stationary phase, we observed a downregulation in genes related to amino biosynthesis, ATP synthesis, and DNA replication. We verified these results by qPCR. Importantly, these results could help our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the proliferation and antimicrobial resistance of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.825041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T07:16:28Z","timestamp":1655450188000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A General Map of Transcriptional Expression of Virulence, Metabolism, and Biofilm Formation Adaptive Changes of Staphylococcus aureus When Exposed to Different Antimicrobials"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zun","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiafei","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yubo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Musha","family":"Hamushan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feiyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boyong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20160061","article-title":"Antibiotic tolerance and the alternative lifestyles of Staphylococcus aureus.","volume":"61","author":"Bui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.673985","article-title":"Hydrogen Peroxide Affects Growth of S. aureus Through Downregulation of Genes Involved in Pyrimidine Biosynthesis.","volume":"12","author":"Buvelot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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