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Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the present study, the synergistic effects of quercetin (Q) and vitamin E (E) on cecal microbiota composition and function, as well as the microbial metabolic profile in aged breeder hens were investigated. A total of 400 (65\u2009weeks old) Tianfu breeder hens were randomly allotted to four experimental groups (four replicates per group). The birds were fed diets containing quercetin at 0.4\u2009g\/kg, vitamin E (0.2\u2009g\/kg), quercetin and vitamin E (QE; 0.4\u2009g\/kg and 0.2\u2009g\/kg), and a basal diet for a period of 10 wks. After the 10\u2009week experimental period, the cecal contents of 8 aged breeder hens per group were sampled aseptically and subjected to high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomic analysis. The results showed that the relative abundances of phyla<jats:italic>Bacteroidota<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Firmicutes,<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Actinobacteriota<\/jats:italic>were the most prominent among all the dietary groups. Compared to the control group, the relative abundance of the families<jats:italic>Bifidobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae, Tannerellaceae<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Mathonobacteriaceae, Barnesiellaceae,<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Prevotellaceae<\/jats:italic>were enriched in the QE group; and<jats:italic>Bacteroidaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, Peptotostretococcaceae,<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Fusobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>were enriched in the Q group, whereas those of<jats:italic>Lactobacillaceae, Veillonellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Akkermansiaceae,<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Rikenellaceae<\/jats:italic>were enriched in the E group compared to the control group. Untargeted metabolomics analyses revealed that Q, E, and QE modified the abundance of several metabolites in prominent pathways including ubiquinone and other terpenoid\u2013quinone biosynthesis, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, insulin secretion, pancreatic secretion, nicotine addiction, and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450. Furthermore, key cecal microbiota, significantly correlated with important metabolites,<jats:italic>for example,<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>)-equol positively correlated with<jats:italic>Alistipes<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>in E_vs_C, and negatively correlated with<jats:italic>Olsenella<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Paraprevotella,<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Mucispirillum<\/jats:italic>but, a contrary trend was observed with<jats:italic>Parabacteroides<\/jats:italic>in QE_vs_C. This study establishes that the synergy of quercetin and vitamin E alters the cecal microbial composition and metabolite profile in aged breeder hens, which lays a foundation for chicken improvement programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.851459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T08:26:55Z","timestamp":1652776015000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Synergy of Dietary Quercetin and Vitamin E Improves Cecal Microbiota and Its Metabolite Profile in Aged Breeder Hens"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Felix Kwame","family":"Amevor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhifu","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaxia","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zifan","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weizhen","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youhao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqing","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanli","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaofu","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Karikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"353","article-title":"Effect of different levels of dietary vitamin E on reproductive and productive performances in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)","volume":"8","author":"Abedi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. 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